Connecticut Welding Licensing Law

Connecticut Code · 3 sections

The following is the full text of Connecticut’s welding licensing law statutes as published in the Connecticut Code. For the official version, see the Connecticut Legislature.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10-145

Sec. 10-145ee. Initial educator certificate for trade and industrial occupations in comprehensive high schools. (a) As used in this section, “trade and industrial occupations” includes, but is not limited to, food service, automotive servicing, machine tool and operation, building maintenance and repairs, welding, appliance repair and public safety.

(b) The State Board of Education may issue an initial educator certificate for trade and industrial occupations in comprehensive high schools to an applicant who has (1) provided a written request from a local or regional board of education, (2) obtained a high school diploma or its equivalent, (3) completed a minimum of three years of approved successful work experience appropriate to the field for which such certificate is sought, which may include not more than two years of specialized appropriate schooling, (4) completed a minimum of six semester hours of credit in professional education in areas such as (A) teaching vocational and industrial education, or (B) foundations of education, educational psychology, adolescent psychology, psychology of learning, curriculum and methods of teaching, classroom instruction and management, multicultural diversity or equity issues in education, and (5) completed a course of study in special education comprised of not fewer than three semester hours, which shall include study in understanding the growth and development of exceptional children, including children with a disability, gifted and talented children and children who may require special education, and methods for identifying, planning for and working effectively with special needs children in the regular classroom. An initial educator certificate for trade and industrial occupations in comprehensive high schools shall authorize the holder to teach in a comprehensive high school trade and industrial program in grades six to twelve, inclusive, except such initial educator certificate for trade and industrial occupations in comprehensive high schools shall not be valid to teach in the Technical Education and Career System.

(c) An applicant who is otherwise eligible for an initial educator certificate for trade and industrial occupations in comprehensive high schools, but is deficient in meeting the course requirements to the extent of not more than six semester hours of credit, as described in subdivision (4) of subsection (b) of this section, and a course of study in special education, as described in subdivision (5) of subsection (b) of this section, may be issued an interim educator certificate, valid for one year, which may be reissued for a second year by the Commissioner of Education. If the holder of such interim educator certificate fails to meet such course requirements at the expiration of such interim educator certificate, the commissioner shall prevent the holder from serving in the employ of a board of education in a position covered by the initial educator certificate for trade and industrial occupations in comprehensive high schools, except that the course work in which the applicant is deficient may be deferred for one additional year for good cause shown.

(P.A. 24-41, S. 17.)

History: P.A. 24-41 effective July 1, 2024.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 12-408.

Sec. 12-408. The sales tax. (1) Imposition and rate of sales tax. (A) For the privilege of making any sales, as defined in subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of section 12-407, at retail, in this state for a consideration, a tax is hereby imposed on all retailers at the rate of six and thirty-five-hundredths per cent of the gross receipts of any retailer from the sale of all tangible personal property sold at retail or from the rendering of any services constituting a sale in accordance with subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of section 12-407, except, in lieu of said rate, the rates provided in subparagraphs (B) to (I), inclusive, of this subdivision;

(B) (i) At a rate of fifteen per cent with respect to each transfer of occupancy, from the total amount of rent received by a hotel or lodging house for the first period not exceeding thirty consecutive calendar days;

(ii) At a rate of eleven per cent with respect to each transfer of occupancy, from the total amount of rent received by a bed and breakfast establishment for the first period not exceeding thirty consecutive calendar days;

(C) With respect to the sale of a motor vehicle to any individual who is a member of the armed forces of the United States and is on full-time active duty in Connecticut and who is considered, under 50 App USC 574, a resident of another state, or to any such individual and the spouse thereof, at a rate of four and one-half per cent of the gross receipts of any retailer from such sales, provided such retailer requires and maintains a declaration by such individual, prescribed as to form by the commissioner and bearing notice to the effect that false statements made in such declaration are punishable, or other evidence, satisfactory to the commissioner, concerning the purchaser's state of residence under 50 App USC 574;

(D) (i) With respect to the sales of computer and data processing services occurring on or after July 1, 2001, at the rate of one per cent, and (ii) with respect to sales of Internet access services, on and after July 1, 2001, such services shall be exempt from such tax;

(E) (i) With respect to the sales of labor that is otherwise taxable under subparagraph (C) or (G) of subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of section 12-407 on existing vessels and repair or maintenance services on vessels occurring on and after July 1, 1999, such services shall be exempt from such tax;

(ii) With respect to the sale of a vessel, a motor for a vessel or a trailer used for transporting a vessel, at the rate of two and ninety-nine-hundredths per cent, except that the sale of a vessel shall be exempt from such tax if such vessel is docked in this state for sixty or fewer days in a calendar year;

(iii) With respect to the sale of dyed diesel fuel, as defined in subsection (d) of section 12-487, sold by a marine fuel dock exclusively for marine purposes, at the rate of two and ninety-nine-hundredths per cent;

(F) With respect to patient care services for which payment is received by the hospital on or after July 1, 1999, and prior to July 1, 2001, at the rate of five and three-fourths per cent and on and after July 1, 2001, such services shall be exempt from such tax;

(G) With respect to the rental or leasing of a passenger motor vehicle for a period of thirty consecutive calendar days or less, at a rate of nine and thirty-five-hundredths per cent;

(H) With respect to the sale of (i) a motor vehicle for a sales price exceeding fifty thousand dollars, at a rate of seven and three-fourths per cent on the entire sales price, (ii) jewelry, whether real or imitation, for a sales price exceeding five thousand dollars, at a rate of seven and three-fourths per cent on the entire sales price, and (iii) an article of clothing or footwear intended to be worn on or about the human body, a handbag, luggage, umbrella, wallet or watch for a sales price exceeding one thousand dollars, at a rate of seven and three-fourths per cent on the entire sales price. For purposes of this subparagraph, “motor vehicle” has the meaning provided in section 14-1, but does not include a motor vehicle subject to the provisions of subparagraph (C) of this subdivision, a motor vehicle having a gross vehicle weight rating over twelve thousand five hundred pounds, or a motor vehicle having a gross vehicle weight rating of twelve thousand five hundred pounds or less that is not used for private passenger purposes, but is designed or used to transport merchandise, freight or persons in connection with any business enterprise and issued a commercial registration or more specific type of registration by the Department of Motor Vehicles;

(I) With respect to the sale of meals, as defined in subdivision (13) of section 12-412, sold by an eating establishment, caterer or grocery store; and spirituous, malt or vinous liquors, soft drinks, sodas or beverages such as are ordinarily dispensed at bars and soda fountains, or in connection therewith; in addition to the tax imposed under subparagraph (A) of this subdivision, at the rate of one per cent;

(J) The rate of tax imposed by this chapter shall be applicable to all retail sales upon the effective date of such rate, except that a new rate that represents an increase in the rate applicable to the sale shall not apply to any sales transaction wherein a binding sales contract without an escalator clause has been entered into prior to the effective date of the new rate and delivery is made within ninety days after the effective date of the new rate. For the purposes of payment of the tax imposed under this section, any retailer of services taxable under subdivision (37) of subsection (a) of section 12-407, who computes taxable income, for purposes of taxation under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, as amended from time to time, on an accounting basis that recognizes only cash or other valuable consideration actually received as income and who is liable for such tax only due to the rendering of such services may make payments related to such tax for the period during which such income is received, without penalty or interest, without regard to when such service is rendered;

(K) (i) For calendar quarters ending on or after September 30, 2019, the commissioner shall deposit into the regional planning incentive account, established pursuant to section 4-66k, six and seven-tenths per cent of the amounts received by the state from the tax imposed under subparagraph (B) of this subdivision and ten and seven-tenths per cent of the amounts received by the state from the tax imposed under subparagraph (G) of this subdivision;

(ii) For calendar quarters ending on or after September 30, 2018, the commissioner shall deposit into the Tourism Fund established under section 10-395b ten per cent of the amounts received by the state from the tax imposed under subparagraph (B) of this subdivision;

(L) (i) For calendar months commencing on or after July 1, 2021, but prior to July 1, 2023, the commissioner shall deposit into the municipal revenue sharing account established pursuant to section 4-66l seven and nine-tenths per cent of the amounts received by the state from the tax imposed under subparagraph (A) of this subdivision, including such amounts received on or after July 1, 2023, attributable to the fiscal year ending June 30, 2023; and

(ii) For calendar months commencing on or after July 1, 2023, the commissioner shall deposit into the Municipal Revenue Sharing Fund established pursuant to section 4-66p seven and nine-tenths per cent of the amounts received by the state from the tax imposed under subparagraph (A) of this subdivision; and

(M) (i) For calendar months commencing on or after July 1, 2017, the commissioner shall deposit into the Special Transportation Fund established under section 13b-68 seven and nine-tenths per cent of the amounts received by the state from the tax imposed under subparagraph (A) of this subdivision;

(ii) For calendar months commencing on or after July 1, 2018, but prior to July 1, 2019, the commissioner shall deposit into the Special Transportation Fund established under section 13b-68 eight per cent of the amounts received by the state from the tax imposed under subparagraphs (A) and (H) of this subdivision on the sale of a motor vehicle;

(iii) For calendar months commencing on or after July 1, 2019, but prior to July 1, 2020, the commissioner shall deposit into the Special Transportation Fund established under section 13b-68 seventeen per cent of the amounts received by the state from the tax imposed under subparagraphs (A) and (H) of this subdivision on the sale of a motor vehicle;

(iv) For calendar months commencing on or after July 1, 2020, but prior to July 1, 2021, the commissioner shall deposit into the Special Transportation Fund established under section 13b-68 twenty-five per cent of the amounts received by the state from the tax imposed under subparagraphs (A) and (H) of this subdivision on the sale of a motor vehicle;

(v) For calendar months commencing on or after July 1, 2021, but prior to July 1, 2022, the commissioner shall deposit into the Special Transportation Fund established under section 13b-68 seventy-five per cent of the amounts received by the state from the tax imposed under subparagraphs (A) and (H) of this subdivision on the sale of a motor vehicle; and

(vi) For calendar months commencing on or after July 1, 2022, the commissioner shall deposit into the Special Transportation Fund established under section 13b-68 one hundred per cent of the amounts received by the state from the tax imposed under subparagraphs (A) and (H) of this subdivision on the sale of a motor vehicle.

(2) Retailer collects tax from consumer. Credit allowed for tax remitted to state on worthless account receivable. (A) Reimbursement for the tax hereby imposed shall be collected by the retailer from the consumer and such tax reimbursement, termed “tax” in this and the following subsections, shall be paid by the consumer to the retailer and each retailer shall collect from the consumer the full amount of the tax imposed by this chapter or an amount equal as nearly as possible or practicable to the average equivalent thereof. Such tax shall be a debt from the consumer to the retailer, when so added to the original sales price, and shall be recoverable at law in the same manner as other debts except as provided in section 12-432a. The amount of tax reimbursement, when so collected, shall be deemed to be a special fund in trust for the state of Connecticut.

(B) Whenever such tax, payable by the consumer (i) with respect to a charge account or credit sale, is remitted by the retailer to the commissioner and such sale as an account receivable is determined to be worthless and is actually written off as uncollectible for federal income tax purposes, or (ii) to a retailer who computes taxable income, for purposes of taxation under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, as amended from time to time, on the cash basis method of accounting with respect to a sale, is remitted by the retailer to the commissioner and such sale as an account receivable is determined to be worthless, the amount of such tax remitted may be credited against the tax due on the sales tax return filed by the retailer for the monthly or quarterly period, whichever is applicable, next following the period in which such amount is actually so written off, but in no event shall such credit be allowed later than three years following the date such tax is remitted, unless the credit relates to a period for which a waiver is given pursuant to subsection (g) of section 12-415. The commissioner shall, by regulations adopted in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, provide standards for proving any such claim for credit. If any payment is made by a consumer with respect to an account, such payment shall be applied first toward the sales tax, and if any account with respect to which such credit is allowed is thereafter collected by the retailer in whole or in part, the amount so collected, up to the amount of the sales tax for which the credit was claimed, shall be included in the sales tax return covering the period in which such collection occurs. The tax applicable in any such case shall be determined in accordance with the rate of sales tax in effect at the time of the original sale.

(C) (i) Any person required to collect tax in accordance with this subsection who demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Commissioner of Revenue Services by July first of any year that, in any two quarterly periods as described in section 12-414, within the most recent four consecutive quarterly periods, such person was a materialman as such term is used in chapter 847, who has at least fifty per cent of such person's sales of building materials to contractors, subcontractors or repairmen for the improvement of real property, and is authorized by said chapter to file a mechanic's lien upon such real property and improvement shall, with respect to such sales made through the quarterly period ending the succeeding June thirtieth, collect tax due on such sales, and on sales to such contractors, subcontractors or repairmen of services described in subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of section 12-407 with respect to such building materials, for such purpose and made during such July first through June thirtieth period, at the time and to the extent that such person receives the receipts from, or consideration for, such sales from such contractors, subcontractors or repairmen, provided if such person receives a portion of such receipts or consideration, such person shall collect the tax due on such portion at the time the portion is received. The taxes imposed by this chapter on such receipts and consideration shall be deemed imposed, solely for purposes of determining when such person is required to collect and pay over such taxes to the commissioner under section 12-414, when such person has received payment of such receipts or consideration in money, or money's worth, from such contractor, subcontractor or repairman. A contractor, subcontractor or repairman who purchases building materials or services from such person pursuant to this subparagraph shall, at the time such contractor, subcontractor or repairman pays any portion of the purchase price, pay to the person the tax due on the portion of the purchase price so paid.

(ii) In the event that a materialman described in this subparagraph factors any portion of such materialman's receivables, such materialman shall be deemed to have received payment of such receipts or consideration in money or money's worth, from the contractor, subcontractor or repairman and shall be required to pay over tax on such sale with the next return due, with a credit against such tax for any tax already paid over with respect to such sale. Any such amount of tax paid over shall be on account of the tax required to be collected on the sale to which it relates and such materialman may take a credit against any tax paid by such contractor, subcontractor or repairman in the future on such sale, to ensure that tax paid over with respect to such sale does not exceed the amount of tax imposed on such sale as if the entire purchase price had been paid at the time of sale.

(iii) A materialman described in this subparagraph who has not collected the tax due on the full purchase price for a sale described in this subparagraph from a contractor, subcontractor or repairman within one year from the date of such sale, shall pay over to the commissioner the tax due on any balance of such full purchase price with such materialman's return for the period which includes the date which is one year after the date of such sale.

(iv) The commissioner may assess additional tax due with respect to a sale described in this subparagraph not later than three years from the date the tax is required to be paid over to the commissioner pursuant to this subparagraph, and in the case of a wilfully false or fraudulent return with intent to evade the tax, or where no return has been filed such taxpayer shall be subject to the provisions of section 12-428.

(D) In the case of a sale by a producer or wholesaler of newspapers to a vendor who is not otherwise required to obtain a permit under this chapter, such producer or wholesaler shall collect the sales tax on such newspapers at the point of transfer to such vendor. Such tax shall be based on the stated retail price of such newspapers. Such vendor may add an amount to the price of the newspapers equal to the amount paid as sales tax to the producer or wholesaler and such vendor shall not be required to remit such amount to the state.

(3) Bracket system for adding and collecting tax. For the purpose of adding and collecting the tax imposed by this chapter, or an amount equal as nearly as possible or practicable to the average equivalent thereof, by the retailer from the consumer the following bracket system shall be in force and effect as follows:

Amount of Sale

Amount of Tax

$0.00 to $0.07 inclusive

No Tax

.08 to .23 inclusive

1 cent

.24 to .39 inclusive

2 cents

.40 to .55 inclusive

3 cents

.56 to .70 inclusive

4 cents

.71 to .86 inclusive

5 cents

.87 to 1.02 inclusive

6 cents

1.03 to 1.18 inclusive

7 cents

On all sales above $1.18, the tax shall be computed at the rate of six and thirty-five-hundredths per cent.

(4) Unlawful advertising. No retailer shall advertise or hold out or state to the public or to any consumer, directly or indirectly, that the tax or any part thereof will be assumed or absorbed by the retailer or that it will not be added to the sales price of the property sold or that, if added, it or any part thereof will be refunded. Under the provisions of this section, however, a retailer may advertise the sale of tangible personal property by any of the following methods: By stating the sales price alone without reference to the tax; by stating separately the sales price and the amount of tax to be collected thereon; by stating the sales price “plus tax” or “exclusive of tax” or by stating a sales price which includes the tax, together with the words “tax included” or “tax incl.”; provided the retailer in the case of all such sales shall maintain his records to show separately the actual price of such sales and the amount of the tax paid thereon; and provided such retailer, if requested, shall furnish the consumer with a sales slip or other like evidence of the sale, showing the tax separately computed thereon. Any person violating any provision of this subsection shall be fined five hundred dollars for each offense.

(5) Notices, signs or advertisements subject to approval. No retailer shall exhibit or display on his premises any notice, sign or other advertising matter tending to mislead the public in connection with the imposition or collection of the tax. The Commissioner of Revenue Services may approve a form of notice for the purpose of explaining the operation of the tax.

(6) Regulations related to sales of motor vehicles to certain members of the armed forces. The Commissioner of Revenue Services shall adopt regulations, in accordance with chapter 54, establishing a procedure for determination of qualifications with respect to the reduced rate of sales tax in the case of certain sales of motor vehicles to members of the armed forces as provided in subsection (1) of this section.

(7) Computation of tax for purposes of toll telephone service in coin-operated telephones. For purposes of the tax imposed by this chapter, with respect to toll telephone service paid by inserting coins in coin-operated telephones, the tax shall be computed to the nearest multiple of five cents, except if the tax is midway between multiples of five cents, the next higher multiple shall apply.

(1949 Rev., S. 2092; 1951, 1953, June, 1955, S. 1163d, 1164d; November, 1955, S. N144, N145; 1957, P.A. 553, S. 1, 2; 1959, P.A. 578, S. 10; 1961, P.A. 574, S. 1, 2; February, 1965, P.A. 105, S. 1; 381, S. 2; 1967, P.A. 619, S. 1; June, 1969, P.A. 1, S. 18, 19; June, 1971, P.A. 5, S. 105, 106; 8, S. 3, 4; 1972, P.A. 285, S. 1, 2; P.A. 73-288, S. 1, 2; 73-616, S. 49, 67; P.A. 74-73, S. 1, 2, 5; P.A. 75-2, S. 1, 2, 5; 75-213, S. 23, 53; P.A. 76-114, S. 1, 21; P.A. 77-370, S. 1, 13; 77-604, S. 76, 84; 77-614, S. 139, 610; P.A. 78-71, S. 1, 5; P.A. 80-71, S. 17, 18, 30; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-1, S. 8, 15; P.A. 84-362, S. 1, 2; 84-545, S. 1–3; P.A. 85-547, S. 1, 2; P.A. 86-397, S. 3, 10; P.A. 87-314, S. 1, 2; P.A. 88-314, S. 22, 54; P.A. 89-251, S. 7, 197, 198, 203; P.A. 90-336, S. 1, 3; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-3, S. 111, 168; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-14, S. 23, 30; P.A. 92-184, S. 14, 19; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 92-5, S. 26, 37; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 92-17, S. 25, 26, 59; P.A. 93-44, S. 3, 22, 24; 93-74, S. 22, 67; 93-332, S. 4, 42; P.A. 94-9, S. 16, 41; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-4, S. 17, 85; P.A. 95-160, S. 39, 64, 69; P.A. 96-139, S. 12, 13; 96-232, S. 1, 3; P.A. 97-243, S. 17, 67; P.A. 98-110, S. 6, 27; 98-244, S. 17, 35; 98-262, S. 5, 22; P.A. 99-48, S. 8, 10; 99-173, S. 13, 14, 65; P.A. 00-170, S. 7, 42; 00-174, S. 4, 83; 00-230, S. 5; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-6, S. 3, 85; P.A. 02-3, S. 2; 02-103, S. 4; May 9 Sp. Sess. P.A. 02-1, S. 69; P.A. 03-2, S. 25; 03-4, S. 1; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-1, S. 95; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-3, S. 108, 109; P.A. 11-6, S. 93, 94; 11-61, S. 42, 43, 183; P.A. 13-184, S. 77; 13-247, S. 318; P.A. 14-122, S. 96; P.A. 15-244, S. 72, 74; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5, S. 132; Dec. Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-1, S. 32; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 16-2, S. 40; P.A. 17-147, S. 12; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 17-2, S. 637; P.A. 18-26, S. 13, 14; 18-81, S. 62; P.A. 19-117, S. 317, 323; 19-186, S. 5; P.A. 23-204, S. 73.)

History: 1959 act extended tax to transfers of room occupancy, and appropriated part of the proceeds to state development commission; 1961 act increased tax rate in Subsec. (1) and revised bracket system to comply with new tax rates; 1965 acts amended Subsec. (1) to change amount appropriated to development commission from 5% to 7% of gross revenue tax “for last-preceding year” and amended Subsec. (2) to delete phrase “so far as it can be done” re collection of tax by retailer from consumer and to add exception to provision for recovery at law; 1967 act changed appropriation amount in Subsec. (1) to 10% of gross revenue; 1969 act changed appropriation amount in Subsec. (1) to 8.5% and temporarily increased tax rate on retailers to 5% and 2.5% on sales of $0.10 or less for period from July 1, 1969, to June 30, 1971, and revised bracket system in Subsec. (3) accordingly; 1971 acts increased appropriation amount to 10% and made temporary increases in tax rate permanent, revising bracket system in Subsec. (3) accordingly, and later changed appropriation amount to 8% and raised tax rates to 6.5% and 3.5% on sales of $0.07 or less as of September 1, 1971, added provision re contracts without escalator clauses in Subsec. (1) and revised Subsec. (3) accordingly; 1972 act increased tax rate to 7%, deleted provisions re appropriations to development commission in Subsec. (1) and revised Subsec. (3) accordingly; P.A. 73-288 reduced tax rate to 6.5% in Subsec. (1) and revised Subsec. (3) accordingly; P.A. 73-616 reduced tax rate on sales of $0.07 or less to 3.25%; P.A. 74-73 reduced tax rates in Subsec. (1) to 6% and 3% on sales of $0.08 or less, revising Subsec. (3) accordingly; P.A. 75-2 increased rates in Subsec. (1) to 7% and 3.5% on sales of $0.07 or less, revising Subsec. (3) accordingly; P.A. 75-213 included rendering of services under Sec. 12-407(2) in tax; P.A. 76-114 amended Subsec. (1) to include 3.5% rate on sales of machinery and rendering of services under Sec. 12-407(2)(j)(A)–(M) and defined “machinery” in Subsec. (1); P.A. 77-370 changed tax rate for machinery to 2.5% and included agricultural machinery and redefined “machinery” to include “numerically controlled machinery used directly in the manufacturing process”; P.A. 77-604 made technical change to section reference in Subsec. (1); P.A. 77-614 substituted commissioner of revenue services for tax commissioner, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 78-71 deleted definition of “machinery” and provision for 2.5% tax rate on its sale in Subsec. (1); P.A. 80-71 increased tax rate to 7.5%, deleted provision for 3.5% rate on sales of $0.07 or less in Subsec. (1) and revised Subsec. (3) accordingly; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-1 amended Subsec. (1) by providing that services rendered constituting a sale in accordance with Sec. 12-407(2)(i) shall be subject to tax at the rate of 7.5% in lieu of 3.5% as previously provided, effective August 1, 1983; P.A. 84-362 added the provision to Subsec. (2) allowing credit against sales tax due from a retailer in charge account or credit sales when tax has been remitted to the state and subsequently the account is determined to be worthless; P.A. 84-545 amended Subsec. (1) to provide for a rate of 4%, in lieu of the rate of 7.5%, in respect to the sale of any motor vehicle to any person who is a member of the armed forces of the United States and is on full-time active duty in Connecticut but whose permanent residence is in another state and Sec. 2 of the act, re commissioner's regulatory powers, was added editorially as Subsec. (6), effective July 1, 1984, and applicable to the sale of motor vehicles on or after that date; P.A. 85-547 amended Subsec. (1) to provide for a reduction in the rate of sales tax to 2% for the sale of aviation fuel in the period July 1, 1985, to June 30, 1987, provided the fuel is used exclusively for aviation purposes and the retailer's place of business is upon an established airport within Connecticut, effective July 1, 1985, and applicable to sales of aviation fuel in the period July 1, 1985, to June 30, 1987, inclusive; P.A. 86-397 amended Subsec. (1) by providing for a reduction in rate of tax to 5% of gross receipts with respect to sale of any repair or replacement parts exclusively for use in machinery used directly in a manufacturing or agricultural production process, effective June 11, 1986, and applicable to sales of repair or replacement parts occurring on or after July 1, 1986; P.A. 87-314 amended Subsec. (1) with respect to the period July 1, 1985, to June 30, 1987, as the period of time during which the rate of 2% of gross receipts would be applicable in the case of sales of aviation fuel, by deleting the period of time reference, and accordingly making said rate applicable after June 30, 1987, without limitation as to time, effective July 1, 1987, and applicable to sales of aviation fuel on or after that date; P.A. 88-314 amended Subsec. (4) by increasing the fine to $500 for each violation of the provisions of this Subsec., replacing the fine of not more than $100 for each such offense, effective July 1, 1988, and applicable to any tax which first becomes due and payable on or after said date, to any return or report due on or after said date, or in the case of any ongoing obligation imposed in accordance with said act, to the tax period next beginning on or after said date; P.A. 89-251 increased the rate of tax in Subsec. (1) from 7.5% to 8% of gross receipts, with corresponding changes in the lower rates for certain sales, amended the brackets in Subsec. (3) for certain amounts of sale to reflect the amounts of tax applicable with respect to the rate of 8% and added Subsec. (7) providing a method of computation of tax for purposes of toll telephone service in coin-operated telephones; P.A. 90-336 added Subsec. (2)(B) allowing a cash-basis taxpayer to take credits for worthless accounts receivable with respect to sales occurring on or after July 1, 1989; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-3 amended Subsecs. (1) and (3) to reduce the general rate to 6% and amended Subsec. (1) to increase the rate with respect to the transfer of occupancy to 12%, to set the rate with respect to the sales of vessels to nonresidents to the lesser of 6% or the rate in the home state of the nonresident and to provide for the payment of the tax on a cash basis for retailers of services who are cash-basis taxpayers for federal purposes, effective August 22, 1991, and applicable to sales occurring on or after October 1, 1991; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-14 amended Subsec. (1) to make the provisions relating to vessels effective September 19, 1991; P.A. 92-184 amended Subsec. (1)(B) by adding “or space in a campground”, effective July 1, 1993; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 92-5 amended Subsec. (1) to make various technical and minor changes, effective June 19, 1992, and applicable to sales occurring on or after July 1, 1992; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 92-17 amended Subsec. (1) to remove the special rate on aviation fuel, provided for an affidavit, rather than registration in the home state, as proof of out-of-state residence and made technical changes, effective June 19, 1992, and applicable to sales occurring on or after July 1, 1992; P.A. 93-44 amended Subsec. (1) to apply provisions to persons rendering services under Sec. 12-407(2)(o) and Sec. 19a-168b, effective April 23, 1993; P.A. 93-74 amended Subsec. (1) to exclude space in a campground, effective May 19, 1993, and applicable to sales occurring on and after July 1, 1993; P.A. 93-332 amended Subsec. (2) to provide that the amount of tax reimbursement shall be deemed a special fund in trust for the state, effective June 25, 1993; P.A. 94-9 amended Subsec. (1) to delete reference to Sec. 12-407(2)(o) and Sec. 19a-168b, effective April 1, 1994; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-4 in Subsec. (1) added schedule for gradually reducing sales tax with respect to the sale of computer and data processing, effective July 1, 1996, and applicable to sales occurring on or after said date; P.A. 95-160 in Subsec. (1) delayed by one year schedule for reduction of tax with respect to computer and data processing in Subpara. (E), effective July 1, 1997, and applicable to sales occurring on and after that date (Revisor's note: P.A. 95-160 also revised effective date of May Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-4 but without affecting this section); P.A. 96-139 changed effective date of P.A. 95-160 to make applicable to sales occurring on or after July 1, 1996; P.A. 96-232 amended Subdiv. (1) to provide lower rates for tax on sale of repair or maintenance services on vessels, effective June 6, 1996, and applicable to sales occurring on and after July 1, 1997; P.A. 97-243 amended Subsec. (1) to add requirement that retailer maintain an affidavit or other evidence with respect to sales of motor vehicles to members of the armed forces concerning the buyer's state of residence, to provide that the tax rate on vessels sold to nonresidents is the lesser of 6% or the tax rate in the state in which the individual resides, and to make technical and renumbering changes, effective June 24, 1997, and applicable to sales occurring on or after October 1, 1997; P.A. 98-110 deleted Subsec. (1)(A) re repair or replacement parts and reletter remaining Subdivs., effective May 19, 1998, and applicable to sales occurring on or after January 1, 1999; P.A. 98-244 amended Subsec. (1)(c) to allow reduction in tax rate and exemption for military when the name of the spouse is on the title of the motor vehicle, effective June 8, 1998, and applicable to sales occurring on or after October 1, 1998; P.A. 98-262 amended Subsec. (2) to clarify language with respect to statute of limitations re bad debt write-off and made technical renumbering and relettering changes, effective June 8, 1998; P.A. 99-48 amended Subsec. (2) to change reference to Sec. 12-415(8) to Sec. 12-415(g), effective January 1, 2000; P.A. 99-173 amended Subsec. (1) to make technical changes, to delete provisions re sale of a vessel to an individual who does not maintain a permanent place of abode in this state, to exempt labor services on vessels, to reduce the tax rate to 4% effective July 1, 1999, to 2% on July 1, 2000, and eliminate the tax on July 1, 2001, for paving, painting, staining, wallpapering, roofing, siding, and exterior sheet metal work services on residential properties, and to reduce the tax rate on hospital services from 6% to 5.75%, and added new Subsec. (2)(C) allowing building material suppliers the option of remitting sales tax when they receive payment, effective June 23, 1999, and applicable to sales occurring on or after July 1, 1999; P.A. 00-170 amended Subsec. (1) to phase out the tax on Internet access services on and after July 1, 2001, effective May 26, 2000; P.A. 00-174 amended Subsec. (1) to eliminate affidavit requirement for motor vehicle sales to armed forces personnel, to add provisions re declaration, to provide an exemption for certain labor to existing vessels and to delete requirement re furnishing of other states' tax information by the commissioner, effective October 1, 2000, and applicable to sales made on or after that date; P.A. 00-230 made a technical change in Subsec. (2)(C); June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-6 amended Subdiv. (1)(F) to suspend the sales tax on patient care services for the biennium commencing July 1, 2001, and ending June 30, 2003, effective July 1, 2001, and applicable to sales occurring on or after that date; P.A. 02-3 amended Subdiv. (1) to provide that patient care services are those for which payment is received by the hospital, effective February 28, 2002; P.A. 02-103 made technical changes in Subdiv. (1); May 9 Sp. Sess. P.A. 02-1 amended Subdiv. (1) to extend the rate for computer and data processing services until July 1, 2004, effective July 1, 2002, and applicable to sales occurring on or after said date; P.A. 03-2 added Subdiv. (1)(F) re 3% rate for certain advertising and public relations services, effective February 28, 2003, and applicable to sales occurring on or after April 1, 2003; P.A. 03-4 added Subdiv. (2)(D) re sale of newspapers, effective April 10, 2003, and applicable to sales occurring on or after April 1, 2003; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-1 amended Subdiv. (1) to delete sunset of tax on computer and data processing in Subpara. (C)(i), to eliminate tax on patient care services in Subpara. (E) and to remove provisions re certain advertising or public relations services which had been added as Subpara. (F) by P.A. 03-2, effective August 16, 2003, and applicable to sales occurring on or after July 1, 2003; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-3 amended Subdiv. (1) by decreasing rate of tax from 6% to 5.5%, and amended Subdiv. (3) to reflect such decreased rate, effective January 1, 2010 (Revisor's note: The amendments made to Subdivs. (1) and (3) by Secs. 108 and 109 of June Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-3 did not take effect pursuant to Sec. 12-432c(a)); P.A. 11-6 amended Subdiv. (1) by designating existing language re imposition of tax as Subpara. (A) and amending same to increase tax rate from 6% to 6.35%, redesignating existing Subparas. (A) to (E) as Subparas. (B) to (F), increasing tax rate re transfer of occupancy from 12% to 15% in Subpara. (B), adding Subpara. (G) re tax rate on motor vehicle rentals, adding Subpara. (H) re tax rate on luxury items, designating existing language re applicability of tax rate as Subpara. (I), adding Subpara. (J) re deposits into municipal revenue sharing account, and adding Subpara. (K) re deposits into regional performance incentive account, effective July 1, 2011, and applicable to sales occurring on or after that date, and amended Subdiv. (3) to reflect the increase in the tax from 6% to 6.35%, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 11-61 changed effective date of P.A. 11-6, S. 93, from July 1, 2011, and applicable to sales occurring on or after that date, to July 1, 2011, and applicable to sales occurring on or after that date, and to sales of services that are billed to customers for a period that includes that date, effective June 21, 2011, made a technical change in Subdiv. (1)(J), effective July 1, 2011, and applicable to sales occurring on or after that date, and amended Subdiv. (3) to adjust the brackets for the new sales tax rate, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 13-184 amended Subdiv. (1) to add Subpara. (E)(ii) re exemption for vessels docked in this state for 60 or fewer days, to eliminate former Subpara. (H)(ii) re luxury tax on vessels, to eliminate former Subpara. (J) re deposit into municipal revenue sharing account, to redesignate existing Subpara. (K) as Subpara. (J) and to make conforming changes, and made a technical change in Subdiv. (2)(C)(i), effective July 1, 2013, and applicable to sales occurring on or after that date; P.A. 13-247 amended Subdiv. (1)(K) by changing “regional performance incentive account” to “regional planning incentive account”, effective June 19, 2013; P.A. 14-122 made technical changes in Subdiv. (1)(H); P.A. 15-244 amended Subdiv. (1)(H) to increase rate of luxury tax from 7 per cent to 7 3/4 per cent, effective July 1, 2015, and applicable to sales occurring on or after that date, and amended Subdiv. (1)(D) to increase rate on computer and data processing services from 1 per cent to 2 per cent from October 1, 2015, to July 1, 2016, and 3 per cent on or after July 1, 2016, and exempt services performed by an entity for an affiliate of such entity, amended Subdiv. (1)(J) to cease deposits for calendar quarters ending on or after July 1, 2016, but prior to July 1, 2017, and added Subdiv. (1)(K) re transfers to municipal revenue sharing account and (1)(L) re transfers to Special Transportation Fund, effective June 30, 2015, and applicable to sales occurring on or after October 1, 2015, and to sales of services that are billed to customers for a period that includes said October 1, 2015, date; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-5 amended Subdiv. (1)(D) to eliminate the increases in rates on computer and data processing services and exemption for services performed by an entity for an affiliate that were enacted in P.A. 15-244, amended Subdiv. (1)(K) to change quarterly transfers to transfers for calendar months commencing on or after January 1, 2016, but prior to May 1, 2017, in clause (i), calendar months commencing on or after May 1, 2017, but prior to July 1, 2017, in clause (ii), and calendar months commencing on or after July 1, 2017, in clause (iii), amended Subdiv. (1)(L) to change quarterly transfers to transfers for calendar months commencing on or after October 1, 2015, but prior to October 1, 2016, in clause (i), calendar months commencing on or after October 1, 2016, but prior to July 1, 2017, in clause (ii), and calendar months commencing on or after July 1, 2017, in clause (iii), and made a technical change, effective June 30, 2015, and applicable to sales occurring on or after October 1, 2015; Dec. Sp. Sess. P.A. 15-1 amended Subdiv. (1) by replacing “January 1, 2016” with “May 1, 2016” in Subpara. (K)(i) and replacing “October 1, 2015” with “December 1, 2015” in Subpara. (L)(i), effective December 29, 2015, and applicable to sales occurring on or after October 1, 2015; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 16-2 amended Subdiv. (1)(K) by replacing “May 1, 2017” with “July 1, 2016” and adding provision re transfer of accrual related to said months on or after July 1, 2016, in clause (i), deleting former clause (ii) re deposit into municipal revenue sharing account for calendar months commencing on or after May 1, 2017, but prior to July 1, 2017, and redesignating existing clause (iii) re calendar months commencing on or after July 1, 2017, as clause (ii), effective June 2, 2016; P.A. 17-147 amended Subdiv. (1)(B) to designate existing provision re transfer of occupancy by hotel or lodging house as clause (i) and amend same to replace “for such occupancy of any room or rooms in” with “by”, and add clause (ii) re bed and breakfast establishment, effective October 1, 2017, and applicable to sales occurring on or after October 1, 2017; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 17-2 amended Subdiv. (1) to delete references to rates prior to July 1, 2000, in Subpara. (D)(i), designate existing provisions in Subpara. (J) as clause (i) and amend same to replace “September 30, 2011, except for calendar quarters ending on or after July 1, 2016, but prior to July 1, 2017” with “September 30, 2019”, add Subpara. (J)(ii) re deposit into Tourism Fund for calendar quarters ending on or after September 30, 2018, delete Subpara. (K)(i) re deposit into municipal revenue sharing account for calendar quarters commencing on or after May 1, 2016, but prior to July 1, 2016, redesignate existing Subpara. (K)(ii) as Subpara. (K) and amend same to replace “2017” with “2019”, delete Subpara. (L)(i) and (L)(ii) re deposit into Special Transportation Fund for calendar quarters commencing prior to July 1, 2017, redesignate existing Subpara. (L)(iii) as Subpara. (L)(i) and add Subpara. (L)(ii) to (L)(vi) re deposit into Special Transportation Fund for calendar months commencing on or after July 1, 2020, effective October 31, 2017; P.A. 18-26 amended Subdiv. (1) to delete provision re rate on or after July 1, 2000, and prior to July 1, 2001 in Subpara. (D)(i), and replace reference to Subdiv. (2)(I) with reference to Subdiv. (37) in Subpara. (I); P.A. 18-81 amended Subdiv. (1) to delete reference to rate on or after July 1, 2000, and prior to July 1, 2001, in Subpara. (D)(i), reduce tax rate for vessels, motors for vessels and trailers used for transporting vessels to 2.99 per cent and make technical changes in Subpara. (E)(ii), replace “2019” with “2021” re deposit in municipal revenue sharing account in Subpara. (K), and change commencement of phase-in of deposit into Special Transportation Fund from July 1, 2020, to July 1, 2018, change corresponding deposit rates over 4 years to 8 per cent, 33 per cent, 56 per cent and 75 per cent, and make conforming changes in Subpara. (L), effective July 1, 2018, and applicable to sales occurring on or after July 1, 2018; P.A. 19-117 amended Subdiv. (1) to change deposit rates into Special Transportation Fund from 33 per cent to 17 per cent and from 56 per cent to 25 per cent in Subpara. (L)(iii) and (L)(iv), respectively, and to make technical changes in Subparas. (A) and (I), effective July 1, 2019, and applicable to sales occurring on or after July 1, 2019, and amended Subdiv. (1) to add Subpara. (E)(iii) re 2.99 per cent rate for dyed diesel fuel for marine purposes, add new Subpara. (I) re additional 1 per cent rate for meals and certain beverages, redesignate existing Subparas. (I) to (L) as Subparas. (J) to (M) and make a conforming change, effective October 1, 2019, and applicable to sales occurring on or after October 1, 2019; P.A. 19-186 amended Subdiv. (2)(B) to delete “occurring on or after July 1, 1984,”, add provisions re sales tax treatment with respect to worthless accounts and make technical changes, effective July 8, 2019, and applicable to claims for credit received on or after July 8, 2019; P.A. 23-204 amended Subdiv. (1) to redesignate existing Subpara. (L) as Subpara. (L)(i) and amend same to add “but prior to July 1, 2023,” and provision re amounts received on or after July 1, 2023, attributable to fiscal year ending June 30, 2023, and add Subpara. (L)(ii) re deposit into Municipal Revenue Sharing Fund on or after July 1, 2023, effective July 1, 2023.

Cited. 134 C. 297; 144 C. 311; 158 C. 238. It is generally held that a general contractor who purchases material from a retailer for use in the construction of a building for his customer is the “consumer” of those materials within the meaning of that term as it appears in the statutes. 168 C. 597. Cited. 183 C. 194. Preprints of advertising matter are not printed for resale and are therefore subject to sales tax on the transaction between the printer and the advertiser. Id., 566. Cited. 187 C. 581; 210 C. 567; 216 C. 17; 222 C. 49; 231 C. 315; 235 C. 393; 238 C. 571; Id., 761. Since statute does not expressly permit assignment of the right to the tax credit, no such assignment is permitted. 274 C. 196.

Cited. 18 CA 434.

Services of self-employed welder exempt from sales tax. 30 CS 309. Sales tax to be collected, if at all, at time of original transfer. 37 CS 642. Cited. 41 CS 175; 44 CS 1.

Cited 5 Conn. Cir. Ct. 403.

Subsec. (1):

Tax imposed on rental payments from July 1, 1975, does not result in double taxation since sales tax paid on property purchased before that date was imposed on lessors and levied on purchase, while tax imposed after that date was imposed on lessees and is levied on rent. 174 C. 51. Cited. 198 C. 413; Id., 624; 204 C. 122; 221 C. 751. Refuse removal fees charged by plaintiff to commercial, industrial and income-producing end users on a revenue neutral basis are not subject to sales tax because the requisite consideration did not exist to sustain the imposition of sales tax since plaintiff functioned as a mere conduit between end users. 317 C. 319.

Cited. 2 CA 303.

Receipts of catering business subject to sales tax; where owner innocently failed to file return for 21 years, held recovery of sales taxes limited to 3 years and penalty and interest. 31 CS 373. Cited. 39 CS 234; 44 CS 133.

Subsec. (2):

Tax is actually imposed upon purchaser and, where government is purchaser, no tax can be levied. 145 C. 161. Cited. 205 C. 51. Computer and data processing services including the development, creation or production of software are subject to taxation pursuant to Sec. 12-407. 255 C. 498. Subdiv. (B): Tax credit is available only to retailer in initial sales transaction responsible for remitting tax to Commissioner of Revenue Services. 274 C. 196.

Unless otherwise indicated in an agreement, applicable sales and use taxes are assumed to be included in the contract price; accordingly, plaintiff could not prevail on claim that it was authorized to add sales tax to rate set in contract. 96 CA 806.

Failure of a retailer to add the amount of the tax to the sale price at the time of sale precludes the tax from becoming a debt of the consumer recoverable by the retailer. 36 CS 255.

Subsec. (4):

Subsec. is directed to the retailer and would not seem to affect the consumer in any way. 36 CS 255.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 14-51.

Sec. 14-51. Definitions. (a) As used in this subpart:

(1) “New car dealer” includes any person, firm or corporation engaged in the business of merchandising new motor vehicles under a manufacturer's or importer's contract for each such make of vehicle who may, incidental to such business, sell used motor vehicles and repair motor vehicles. Such person shall be qualified to conduct such business in accordance with the requirements of section 14-52a.

(2) “Used car dealer” includes any person, firm or corporation engaged in the business of merchandising motor vehicles other than new who may, incidental to such business, repair motor vehicles. A used car dealer does not include any person, firm or corporation engaged in the business of leasing or renting motor vehicles that offers for sale or sells used motor vehicles incidental to its primary business, if (A) such person, firm or corporation is licensed in accordance with the provisions of section 14-15, and (B) the motor vehicles that it offers for sale were formerly the subject of one or more lease agreements to which it was a party and the actual or prospective purchaser is the original lessee pursuant to a purchase option specified in a lease agreement. Such person shall be qualified to conduct such business in accordance with the requirements of section 14-52a.

(3) “Repairer” includes any person, firm or corporation qualified to conduct such business in accordance with the requirements of section 14-52a, having a suitable facility and having adequate equipment, engaged in repairing, overhauling, adjusting, assembling or disassembling any motor vehicle or making minor repairs to any motor vehicle, including repairs and replacement of cooling, electrical, fuel and exhaust systems, brake adjustments, relining and repairs, wheel alignment and balancing and repair and replacement of shock absorbers. “Repairer” does not include a person engaged in making repairs to tires, upholstering, glazing, general blacksmithing, welding and machine work on motor vehicle parts when parts involving such work are disassembled or reassembled by a licensed repairer.

(b) The lubricating of motor vehicles, adding or changing of oil or other motor vehicle fluids, changing of tires and tubes, including the balancing of wheels, or installing of batteries or light bulbs, windshield wiper blades or drive belts shall not be construed as the repairing of motor vehicles under the provisions of this subpart.

(1949 Rev., S. 2391; 1953, 1955, S. 1307d; 1963, P.A. 316; 1967, P.A. 307; P.A. 02-70, S. 21; P.A. 23-40, S. 2.)

History: 1963 act redefined limited repairer to add “relining and repairs,” etc.; 1967 act replaced reference to factory contract with reference to manufacturer's or importer's contract for each make of vehicle in definition of “new car dealer” and deleted references to removing and replacing parts of motor vehicles in definition of “repairer”; (Revisor's note: In 1997 references throughout the general statutes to “Motor Vehicle(s) Commissioner” and “Motor Vehicle(s) Department” were replaced editorially by the Revisors with “Commissioner of Motor Vehicles” or “Department of Motor Vehicles”, as the case may be, for consistency with customary statutory usage); P.A. 02-70 divided existing provisions into Subsecs. (a) and (b) and in Subsec. (a) adding language making definitions applicable to subpart (D), inserting Subdiv. designators and making conforming changes for each definition, in Subdivs. (1) and (2) requiring new car dealer and used car dealer to be qualified to conduct business in accordance with the requirements of Sec. 14-52a and deleting reference to having a suitable and adequate place of business determined to be such by the commissioner, in Subdiv. (2) excluding leasing or renting businesses that sell used motor vehicles incidental to their primary business from the definition of “used car dealer” provided they satisfy criteria in Subparas. (A) and (B), in Subdiv. (3) requiring repairer to be qualified to conduct business in accordance with the requirements of Sec. 14-52a and deleting reference to having a suitable place of business, and in Subsec. (b) specifying the list of services that may be performed without being construed as the repairing of motor vehicle under subpart (D); P.A. 23-40 amended Subsec. (a) by redefining “repairer” in Subdiv. (3) and deleting former Subdiv. (4) re definition of “limited repairer” and made technical changes, effective January 1, 2024.

Zoning appeals board can go no further than apply the test incorporated in statute. 143 C. 634. Cited. 154 C. 540. When variance does not provide automatic extension of nonconforming use. 164 C. 85. Cited. 165 C. 15. Offense charged and offense found were separate and distinct and constituted a taking of plaintiff's property without due process. Id., 42. Commissioner upheld in suspending plaintiff's, repairer's and wrecker's licenses for violation of section and regulations thereunder. 167 C. 304.

Cited. 29 CS 330.

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The law belongs to the people. Georgia v. Public.Resource.Org, 590 U.S. (2020)