Connecticut Fire Protection Licensing Law

Connecticut Code · 32 sections

The following is the full text of Connecticut’s fire protection licensing law statutes as published in the Connecticut Code. For the official version, see the Connecticut Legislature.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 12-81.

Sec. 12-81. *(See end of section for amended version of subdivision (33) and effective date.) Exemptions. The following-described property shall be exempt from taxation:

(1) Property of the United States. Property belonging to, or held in trust for, the United States, the taxation of which has not been authorized by Congress;

(2) State property and reservation land. Property belonging to, or held in trust for, this state and reservation land held in trust by the state for an Indian tribe;

(3) County property. Repealed;

(4) Municipal property. (A) Except as otherwise provided by law, personal property belonging to, held in trust for, or leased to, a municipal corporation of this state and used for a public purpose, including personal property used for cemetery purposes, and (B) real property belonging to, held in trust for, or leased to, a municipal corporation of this state and used for a public purpose, including real property used for cemetery purposes, provided any such leased personal property, including, but not limited to, motor vehicles subject to the provisions of section 12-71 and any such leased real property is located within the boundaries of such municipal corporation;

(5) Property held by trustees for public purposes. As long as used by the public for public purposes, property held by trustees named in a will or deed of trust and their successors for this state or its people, one of its counties or its people or one of its municipal corporations or its people;

(6) Property of volunteer fire companies and property devoted to public use. The property of any volunteer fire company used for fire protection or for other public purposes, if such company receives any annual appropriation from the town; and, as long as the owner thereof makes only a nominal charge not in excess of twenty-five dollars annually for its use, property not owned by a Connecticut municipality wherein the same is situated, provided such property is exclusively used by the public in lieu of public property which would otherwise be required, as authorized by any general statute or special act;

(7) Property used for scientific, educational, literary, historical, charitable or open space land preservation purposes. Exception. (A) Subject to the provisions of sections 12-87 and 12-88, the real property of, or held in trust for, a corporation organized exclusively for scientific, educational, literary, historical or charitable purposes or for two or more such purposes and used exclusively for carrying out one or more of such purposes or for the purpose of preserving open space land, as defined in section 12-107b, for any of the uses specified in said section, that is owned by any such corporation, and the personal property of, or held in trust for, any such corporation, provided (i) any officer, member or employee thereof does not receive or at any future time shall not receive any pecuniary profit from the operations thereof, except reasonable compensation for services in effecting one or more of such purposes or as proper beneficiary of its strictly charitable purposes, and (ii) in 1965, and quadrennially thereafter, a statement shall be filed on or before November first with the assessor or board of assessors of any town, consolidated town and city or consolidated town and borough, in which any of its property claimed to be exempt is situated. Such statement shall be filed on a form provided by such assessor or board of assessors. Such form shall be posted on the Internet web site of such assessor or board of assessors, if applicable. The real property shall be eligible for the exemption regardless of whether it is used by another corporation organized exclusively for scientific, educational, literary, historical or charitable purposes or for two or more such purposes;

(B) On and after October 1, 2022, housing subsidized, in whole or in part, by federal, state or local government and housing for persons or families of low and moderate income shall not constitute a charitable purpose under this section. As used in this subdivision, “housing” shall not include real property used for housing belonging to, or held in trust for, any corporation organized exclusively for charitable purposes and exempt from taxation for federal income tax purposes, the primary use of which property is one or more of the following: (i) An orphanage; (ii) a drug or alcohol treatment or rehabilitation facility; (iii) housing for persons who are homeless, persons with a mental health disorder, persons with intellectual or physical disability or victims of domestic violence; (iv) housing for ex-offenders or for individuals participating in a program sponsored by the state Department of Correction or Judicial Branch; or (v) short-term housing operated by a charitable organization where the average length of stay is less than six months. The operation of such housing, including the receipt of any rental payments, by such charitable organization shall be deemed to be an exclusively charitable purpose. For the purposes of this subdivision, payments made by federal, state or local government for the treatment, support or care of individuals housed in the real property described in subparagraphs (B)(i) to (B)(v), inclusive, of this subdivision shall not constitute housing subsidies;

(8) College property. The funds and estate which have been or may be granted, provided by the state, or given by any person or persons to the Trustees of the Berkeley Divinity School, the board of trustees of Connecticut College for Women, the Hartford Seminary Foundation, Sheffield Scientific School, Trinity College, Wesleyan University or The President and Fellows of Yale College in New Haven, and by them respectively invested and held for the use of such institutions, with the income thereof; provided none of said corporations shall hold in this state real estate free from taxation affording an annual income of more than six thousand dollars. Such exemption shall not apply to any real estate which said Trustees of the Berkeley Divinity School own, control or hold in trust, and which is situated in the city of Middletown. No other provision of this section concerning exemption of property used for educational purposes shall be construed to affect any provision of this subdivision;

(9) Personal property loaned to tax-exempt educational institutions. Personal property while it is loaned without charge or leased at a nominal charge of one dollar per year to any tax-exempt educational institution above secondary level and used exclusively by such institution for teaching, research or teaching demonstration purposes;

(10) Property belonging to agricultural or horticultural societies. Subject to the provisions of sections 12-87 and 12-88, property belonging to, or held in trust for, an agricultural or horticultural society incorporated by this state which is used in connection with an annual agricultural fair held by a nonprofit incorporated agricultural society of this state or any nonprofit incorporated society of this state carrying on or promoting any branch of agriculture, provided (A) said society shall pay cash premiums at such fair amounting to at least two hundred dollars, (B) said society shall file with the Commissioner of Agriculture on or before the thirtieth of December following said fair a report in such detail as the commissioner may require giving the names of all exhibitors and the amount of premiums, with the objects for which they have been paid, which statement shall be sworn to by the president, secretary or treasurer of the society, (C) any officer, member or employee thereof does not receive or at any future time shall not receive any pecuniary profit from the operations thereof except reasonable compensation for services in the conduct of its affairs, and (D) in 1965, and quadrennially thereafter, a statement shall be filed on or before the first day of November with the assessor or board of assessors of any town, consolidated town and city or consolidated town and borough in which any of its property claimed to be exempt is situated. Such statement shall be filed on a form provided by such assessor or board of assessors. For purposes of this subsection, “fair” means a bona fide agricultural exhibition designed, arranged and operated to promote, encourage and improve agriculture by offering premiums and awards for the best exhibits of two or more by the following branches of agriculture: Crops, livestock, poultry, dairy products and homemaking;

(11) Property held for cemetery use. Subject to the provisions of section 12-88, tangible property owned by, or held in trust for, a religious organization, provided such tangible property is used exclusively for cemetery purposes; donations held in trust by a municipality, an ecclesiastical society or a cemetery association, the income of which is to be used for the care or improvement of its cemetery, or of one or more private burial lots within such cemetery. Subject to the provisions of sections 12-87 and 12-88, any other tangible property used for cemetery purposes shall not be exempt, unless (a) such tangible property is exclusively so used, and (b) no officer, member or employee of the organization owning such property receives or, at any future time, shall receive any pecuniary profit from the cemetery operations thereof except reasonable compensation for services in the conduct of its cemetery affairs, and (c) in 1965, and quadrennially thereafter, a statement on forms prepared by the assessor shall be filed on or before the last day required by law for the filing of assessment returns with the local board of assessors of any town, consolidated town and city or consolidated town and borough, in which any of its property claimed to be exempt is situated;

(12) Personal property of religious organizations devoted to religious or charitable use. Personal property within the state owned by, or held in trust for, a Connecticut religious organization, whether or not incorporated, if the principal or income is used or appropriated for religious or charitable purposes or both;

(13) Houses of religious worship. Subject to the provisions of section 12-88, houses of religious worship, the land on which they stand, their pews, furniture and equipment owned by, or held in trust for the use of, any religious organization;

(14) Property of religious organizations used for certain purposes. Subject to the provisions of section 12-88, real property and its equipment owned by, or held in trust for, any religious organization and exclusively used as a school, a daycare facility, a Connecticut nonprofit camp or recreational facility for religious purposes, a parish house, an orphan asylum, a home for children, a thrift shop, the proceeds of which are used for charitable purposes, a reformatory or an infirmary or for two or more of such purposes;

(15) Houses used by officiating clergymen as dwellings. Subject to the provisions of section 12-88, dwelling houses and the land on which they stand owned by, or held in trust for, any religious organization and actually used by its officiating clergymen;

(16) Property of hospitals and sanatoriums. Subject to the provisions of section 12-88, all property of, or held in trust for, any Connecticut hospital society or corporation or sanatorium, provided (A) no officer, member or employee thereof receives or, at any future time, shall receive any pecuniary profit from the operations thereof, except reasonable compensation for services in the conduct of its affairs, and (B) in 1967, and quadrennially thereafter, a statement shall be filed by such hospital society, corporation or sanatorium on or before the first day of November with the assessor or board of assessors of any town, consolidated town and city or consolidated town and borough, in which any of its property claimed to be exempt is situated. Such statement shall be filed on a form provided by such assessor or board of assessors;

(17) Property of blind persons. Subject to the provisions of sections 12-89, 12-90 and 12-92, property to the amount of three thousand dollars belonging to, or held in trust for, any blind person, resident of this state; or, lacking said amount of property in his own name, so much of the property belonging to, or held in trust for, his spouse, who is domiciled with him, as is necessary to equal said amount;

(18) Property of veterans' organizations. (a) Property of bona fide war veterans' organization. Subject to the provisions of section 12-88, property owned by, or held in trust for, any bona fide war veterans' organization or any of its local posts, which organization shall be composed in whole or in major part of veterans of the military or naval service or both of the United States in any war, except the Civil War; provided such property shall be actually and exclusively used and occupied by such organization;

(b) Property of the Grand Army of the Republic. Property belonging to the Grand Army of the Republic, or owned by, or held in trust for, any local post thereof, shall continue to be exempt from taxation in accordance with the provisions of subdivision (27);

(19) Property of veterans. Subject to the provisions of sections 12-89, 12-90 and 12-95, property to the amount of one thousand dollars belonging to, or held in trust for, (A) any resident of this state who is a veteran, as defined in section 27-103, who was a member of the armed forces in service in time of war, (B) any resident of this state who was a citizen of the United States at the time of his enlistment and who was in the military or naval service of a government allied or associated with that of the United States during the Second World War and received an honorable discharge therefrom, (C) any resident of this state who served during the Second World War as a member of any armed force of any government signatory to the United Nations Declaration of January 1, 1942, and participated in armed conflict with an enemy of the United States and who has been a citizen of the United States for at least ten years and presents satisfactory evidence of such service, (D) any resident of this state who served as a member of the crew of a merchant vessel during the Second World War and is qualified with respect to such service as a member of the group known as the “American Merchant Marine in ocean-going service during the period of armed conflict, December 7, 1941, to August 15, 1945”, members of which are deemed to be eligible for certain veterans benefits under a determination in the United States Department of Defense, as recorded in the Federal Register of February 1, 1988, provided such resident has received an armed forces discharge certificate from the Department of Defense on the basis of such service, (E) any member of the armed forces who was in service in time of war and is still in the service and by reason of continuous service has not as yet received a discharge, (F) any person who is retired from the armed forces after thirty years of service because he has reached the age limit prescribed by law or because he suffers from mental or physical disability, or (G) any person who is serving in the armed services in time of war; or lacking said amount of property in his own name, so much of the property belonging to, or held in trust for, his spouse, who is domiciled with him, as is necessary to equal said amount. For the purposes of this subdivision, “veteran”, “armed forces” and “service in time of war” have the same meanings as provided in section 27-103;

(20) Property of servicemen and veterans having disability ratings. (A) Subject to the provisions hereinafter stated, property not exceeding three thousand five hundred dollars in amount shall be exempt from taxation, which property belongs to, or is held in trust for, any resident of this state who has served, or is serving, in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, Air Force or Space Force of the United States and (i) has a disability rating as determined by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs amounting to ten per cent or more of total disability, other than a service-connected permanent and total disability rating, provided such exemption shall be two thousand dollars in any case in which such rating is between ten per cent and twenty-five per cent; two thousand five hundred dollars in any case in which such rating is more than twenty-five per cent but not more than fifty per cent; three thousand dollars in any case in which such rating is more than fifty per cent but not more than seventy-five per cent; and three thousand five hundred dollars in any case in which such resident has attained sixty-five years of age or such rating is more than seventy-five per cent; or (ii) is receiving a pension, annuity or compensation from the United States because of the loss in service of a leg or arm or that which is considered by the rules of the United States Pension Office or the Bureau of War Risk Insurance the equivalent of such loss.

(B) If such veteran lacks such amount of property in such veteran's name, so much of the property belonging to, or held in trust for, such veteran's spouse, who is domiciled with such veteran, as is necessary to equal such amount shall also be so exempt. When any veteran entitled to an exemption under the provisions of this subdivision has died, property belonging to, or held in trust for, such deceased veteran's surviving spouse, while such spouse remains a widow or widower, or belonging to or held in trust for such deceased veteran's minor children during their minority, or both, while they are residents of this state, shall be exempt in the same aggregate amount as that to which the disabled veteran was or would have been entitled at the time of such veteran's death.

(C) No individual entitled to the exemption under this subdivision and under one or more of subdivisions (19), (22), (23), (25) and (26) of this section shall receive more than one exemption.

(D) (i) No individual shall receive any exemption to which such individual is entitled under this subdivision until such individual has complied with section 12-95 and has submitted proof of such individual's disability rating, as determined by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, to the assessor of the town in which the exemption is sought. If there is no change to an individual's disability rating, such proof shall not be required for any assessment year following that for which the exemption under this subdivision is granted initially. If the United States Department of Veterans Affairs modifies a veteran's disability rating, such modification shall be deemed a waiver of the right to the exemption under this subdivision until proof of disability rating is submitted to the assessor and the right to such exemption is established as required initially, except that if such disability rating is modified to a service-connected permanent and total disability rating, such veteran may seek the exemption under subdivision (83) of this section.

(ii) Any individual who has been unable to submit evidence of disability rating in the manner required by this subdivision, or who has failed to submit such evidence as provided in section 12-95, may, when such individual obtains such evidence, make application to the tax collector not later than one year after such individual obtains such proof or not later than one year after the expiration of the time limited in section 12-95, as the case may be, for abatement in case the tax has not been paid, or for refund in case the whole tax has been paid, of such part or the whole of such tax as represents the service exemption. Such abatement or refund may be granted retroactively to include the assessment day next succeeding the date as of which such person was entitled to such disability rating as determined by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, but in no case shall any abatement or refund be made for a period greater than three years.

(iii) The tax collector shall, after examination of such application, refer the same, with the tax collector's recommendations thereon, to the board of selectmen of a town or to the corresponding authority of any other municipality, and shall certify to the amount of abatement or refund to which the applicant is entitled. Upon receipt of such application and certification, the selectmen or other duly constituted authority shall, in case the tax has not been paid, issue a certificate of abatement or, in case the whole tax has been paid, draw an order upon the treasurer in favor of such applicant for the amount, without interest, that represents the service exemption. Any action so taken by such selectmen or other authority shall be a matter of record and the tax collector shall be notified in writing of such action;

(21) Property of disabled veterans with severe disability. (A) Disabilities. The dwelling house, and the lot whereupon the same is erected, belonging to or held in trust for any person who is a citizen and resident of this state, occupied as such person's domicile, shall be exempt from local property taxation to the extent of ten thousand dollars of its assessed valuation or, lacking said amount in property in such person's own name, so much of the property belonging to, or held in trust for, such person's spouse, who is domiciled with such person, as is necessary to equal said amount, if such person is a veteran who served in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, Air Force or Space Force of the United States and has been declared by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs or its successors to have a service-connected disability from paraplegia or osteochondritis resulting in permanent loss of the use of both legs or permanent paralysis of both legs and lower parts of the body; or from hemiplegia and has permanent paralysis of one leg and one arm or either side of the body resulting from injury to the spinal cord, skeletal structure or brain or from disease of the spinal cord not resulting from any form of syphilis; or from total blindness as defined in section 12-92; or from the amputation of both arms, both legs, both hands or both feet, or the combination of a hand and a foot; sustained through enemy action, or resulting from accident occurring or disease contracted in such active service. Nothing in this subdivision shall be construed to include paraplegia or hemiplegia resulting from locomotor ataxia or other forms of syphilis of the central nervous system, or from chronic alcoholism, or to include other forms of disease resulting from the veteran's own misconduct which may produce signs and symptoms similar to those resulting from paraplegia, osteochondritis or hemiplegia. The loss of the use of one arm or one leg because of service related injuries specified in this subdivision shall qualify a veteran for a property tax exemption in the same manner as hereinabove, provided such exemption shall be for five thousand dollars;

(B) Exemptions hereunder additional to others. Surviving spouse's rights. The exemption provided for in this subdivision shall be in addition to any other exemption of such person's real and personal property allowed by law, but no taxpayer shall be allowed more than one exemption under this subdivision. No person shall be entitled to receive any exemption under this subdivision until such person has satisfied the requirements of subdivision (20) of this section. The surviving spouse of any such person who at the time of such person's death was entitled to and had the exemption provided under this subdivision shall be entitled to the same exemption, (i) while such spouse remains a widow or widower, or (ii) upon the termination of any subsequent marriage of such spouse by dissolution, annulment or death and while a resident of this state, for the time that such person is the legal owner of and actually occupies a dwelling house and premises intended to be exempted hereunder. When the property which is the subject of the claim for exemption provided for in this subdivision is greater than a single family house, the assessor shall aggregate the assessment on the lot and building and allow an exemption of that percentage of the aggregate assessment which the value of the portion of the building occupied by the claimant bears to the value of the entire building;

(C) Municipal option to allow total exemption for residence with respect to which veteran has received assistance for special housing under Title 38 of United States Code. Subject to the approval of the legislative body of the municipality, the dwelling house and the lot whereupon the same is erected, belonging to or held in trust for any citizen and resident of this state, occupied as such person's domicile shall be fully exempt from local property taxation, if such person is a veteran who served in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, Air Force or Space Force of the United States and has received financial assistance for specially adapted housing under the provisions of Section 801 of Title 38 of the United States Code, as amended from time to time, and has applied such assistance toward the acquisition or modification of such dwelling house. The same exemption may also be allowed on such housing units owned by the surviving spouse of such veteran (i) while such spouse remains a widow or widower, or (ii) upon the termination of any subsequent marriage of such spouse by dissolution, annulment or death, or by such veteran and spouse while occupying such premises as a residence;

(22) Property of surviving spouse or minor child of serviceman or veteran. Subject to the provisions of sections 12-89, 12-90 and 12-95, property to the amount of one thousand dollars belonging to, or held in trust for, any surviving spouse while such person remains a widow or widower, or a minor child or both, residing in this state, of one who has served in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, Air Force or Space Force of the United States, or any citizen of the United States who served in the military or naval service of a government allied or associated with the United States, as provided by subdivision (19) of this section, and who has died either during his or her term of service or after becoming a veteran, as defined in section 27-103, provided such amount shall be three thousand dollars if death was due to service and occurred while on active duty;

(23) Property of serviceman's surviving spouse receiving federal benefits. Subject to the provisions of sections 12-89, 12-90 and 12-95, property to the amount of one thousand dollars belonging to, or held in trust for, any surviving spouse, while such spouse remains a widow or widower, resident of this state, of one who has served in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, Air Force or Space Force of the United States, which surviving spouse is receiving or has received a pension, annuity or compensation from the United States;

(24) Property of surviving spouse or minor child of veteran receiving compensation from United States Department of Veterans Affairs. The exemption from taxation granted by subdivision (22) of this section, to the amount of three thousand dollars allowable to the widow or widower or minor child or both of a veteran whose death was due to service and occurred on active duty shall be granted to any widow or widower drawing compensation from the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, upon verification of such fact by letter from said department;

(25) Property of surviving parent of deceased serviceman or veteran. Subject to the provisions of sections 12-89, 12-90 and 12-95, property to the amount of one thousand dollars belonging to, or held in trust for, a sole surviving parent, while such parent remains a widow or widower, resident of this state, of one who has left no widow or widower, or whose widow or widower has remarried or died, and who has served in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, Air Force or Space Force of the United States as provided by subdivision (19) of this section and has died during his or her term of service or after becoming a veteran, as defined in section 27-103, provided property belonging to, or held in trust for, such parent of more than one serviceman or servicewoman who has left no widow or widower, or whose widow or widower has remarried or died, and who has served in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, Air Force or Space Force of the United States as provided in subdivision (19) of this section and has died during his or her term of service shall be subject to an exemption of one thousand dollars for each such serviceman or servicewoman;

(26) Property of parents of veterans. Subject to the provisions of sections 12-89, 12-90 and 12-95, property to the amount of one thousand dollars belonging to, or held in trust for, any father or mother, resident of this state, of one who served in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, Air Force or Space Force of the United States as long as such father or mother receives, or has received, a pension, annuity or compensation from the United States; or if such parent lacks said amount of property in his own name, so much of the property belonging to, or held in trust for, his spouse, who is domiciled with him, as is necessary to equal said amount;

(27) Property of Grand Army posts. Property owned by, or held in trust for, a Connecticut Grand Army post, provided the major use of such property shall be as a meeting place for its members or for the members of the Woman's Relief Corps or both, or provided the income from such property is being entirely devoted to its upkeep and improvement and to the relief of such soldiers of the Civil War or their dependents or both as are receiving or are entitled to receive benefits or pensions from the federal or state government or both;

(28) Property of United States Army instructors. Subject to the provisions of sections 12-89, 12-90 and 12-95, property to the amount of one thousand dollars, which property belongs to, or is held in trust for, any resident or nonresident of this state who was in the regular Army of the United States on the assessment day and who has been detailed by the Secretary of the Army for duty in this state for the instruction of the Connecticut National Guard. Any person receiving the foregoing exemption shall be entitled to an additional exemption of two thousand dollars on tangible personal property belonging to, or held in trust for, him, which property is necessary or convenient for the use of such person in the performance of his official duties and which property shall consist of military equipment, horses, vehicles and furniture;

(29) Property of American National Red Cross. Subject to the provisions of section 12-88, all real estate and tangible property owned by or held in trust for the American National Red Cross;

(30) Fuel and provisions. Fuel and provisions for the use of any family;

(31) Household furniture. Household furniture, used by or held in storage for and belonging to any family;

(32) Private libraries. Private libraries and books;

*(33) Musical instruments and electronics. Musical instruments, radios, television sets, cellular mobile telephones, computers and mobile electronic devices, as defined in section 10-222d, used by and belonging to any family;

(34) Watches and jewelry. Watches and jewelry used by any individual;

(35) Wearing apparel. All other wearing apparel of every person and family;

(36) Commercial fishing apparatus. Fishing apparatus belonging to any person or company to the value of five hundred dollars, providing such apparatus was purchased for use in the main business of such person or company at the time of purchase;

(37) Mechanic's tools. Tools of a mechanic, actually used by him in his trade, to the value of five hundred dollars;

(38) Farming tools. Farming tools actually and exclusively used in the business of farming on any farm to the value of five hundred dollars;

(39) Farm produce. Produce of a farm, actually grown, growing or produced, including colts, calves and lambs, while owned and held by the producer or by a cooperative marketing corporation organized under the provisions of chapter 596, when delivered to it by such producer;

(40) Sheep, goats and swine. Sheep, goats and swine owned and kept in this state;

(41) Dairy and beef cattle, oxen, asses and mules. Dairy and beef cattle, oxen, asses and mules, owned and kept in this state;

(42) Poultry. Poultry owned and kept in this state;

(43) Cash. Cash on hand or on deposit;

(44) Nursery products. Produce or products growing in any nursery, and any shrub and any forest, ornamental or fruit trees while growing in a nursery;

(45) Property of units of Connecticut National Guard. The property of any unit of the Connecticut National Guard, while being used for military purposes, or for other public purposes;

(46) Watercraft owned by nonresident. Repealed;

(47) Carriages, wagons and bicycles. Carriages, wagons and bicycles, owned and used by any person but not held for sale or rent in the regular course of business;

(48) Airport improvements. Improvements on or to the landing area of a privately-owned airport, provided the owner shall grant free use of such landing area to the general public for the landing, taking off and taxiing of aircraft and such airport shall have been approved and licensed for use by the Commissioner of Transportation, if a majority of those qualified to vote as provided by section 7-6 in the town wherein such airport is located, voting at a town meeting or general or special election warned for the purpose, so determine. The question of granting such exemption shall be submitted to the voters if a petition containing the names of at least ten per cent of such voters has been presented to the town clerk, who shall determine the sufficiency of such petition;

(49) Nonprofit camps or recreational facilities for charitable purposes. Subject to the provisions of subdivision (7) of this section and section 12-88, real property and its equipment owned by or held in trust for any charitable corporation exclusively used as a nonprofit camp or recreational facility for charitable purposes; provided at least seventy-five per cent of the beneficiaries of its strictly charitable purposes using such property and equipment in each taxable year were bona fide residents of the state at the time of such use. During the month preceding the assessment date of the town or towns where such camp or facilities are located, such charitable corporation shall submit to the assessors of such town or towns a statement under oath in respect to such residence of such beneficiaries using such facilities during the taxable year ending with the month in which such statement is rendered, and, if the number of such beneficiaries so resident in Connecticut did not equal or exceed such seventy-five per cent, such real property and equipment shall not be exempt during the next ensuing taxable year. This subdivision shall not affect the exemption of any such real property or equipment of any such charitable corporation incorporated under the laws of this state granted prior to May 26, 1961, where such property and equipment was actually in use for such recreational purposes prior to said date;

(50) Manufacturers' inventories. The monthly average quantity of goods of any manufacturing business, comprising raw materials, purchased parts and supplies acquired for consumption during the manufacture of or for incorporation in goods to be manufactured for sale in such business, goods in process of manufacture, and finished goods manufactured in and held for sale in such business, to the extent of forty per cent of their valuation for purposes of assessment in the year 1970, fifty per cent in the year 1971, sixty per cent in the year 1972, seventy per cent in the year 1973, eighty per cent in the year 1974, ninety per cent in the year 1975, and one hundred per cent in the year 1976 and each year thereafter. As used herein the term “manufacturing business” means a business the principal activity of which is the mechanical or chemical transformation of inorganic or organic substances into new products or the assembling of component parts of manufactured products;

(51) Water pollution control structures and equipment. (a) Structures and equipment acquired by purchase or lease after July 1, 1965, for the treatment of industrial waste before the discharge thereof into any waters of the state or into any sewerage system emptying into such waters, the primary purpose of which is the reduction, control or elimination of pollution of such waters, certified as approved for such purpose by the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection. For the purpose of this subdivision “industrial waste” means any harmful thermal effect or any liquid, gaseous or solid substance or combination thereof resulting from any process of industry, manufacture, trade or business, or from the development or recovery of any natural resource;

(b) Any owner or lessee of such structures or equipment who wishes to claim the exemption provided under this subdivision for any assessment year shall, on or before the first day of November in such assessment year, file an application for such exemption with the assessor or board of assessors in the town in which such structures or equipment are located, in the form and manner said assessor or assessors shall prescribe, together with such certification by the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, as required under subparagraph (a) of this subdivision. Failure to file such certification within the time limitation prescribed herein shall constitute a waiver of the right to such exemption for such assessment year. Such certification shall not be required for any assessment year following that for which initial certification is filed, provided if such structures and equipment are altered in any manner, such alteration shall be deemed a waiver of the right to such exemption until such certification, applicable with respect to the altered structures and equipment, is filed and the right to such exemption is established as required initially;

(c) In the event there is a change in the name of the owner or lessee of any structure or equipment for which an exemption is granted pursuant to this subdivision, the new owner or lessee of such structure or equipment shall be required to file a revised application with the assessor or board of assessors on or before the first day of November immediately following the end of the assessment year during which such change occurs, except that for the assessment year commencing October 1, 2005, a revised application may be filed when there has been a change in the name of the owner or lessee of such structure or equipment during any assessment year and the exemption under this subdivision continued to be granted for each assessment year following such change. If such structures or equipment have not been altered in any manner, such new owner or lessee shall be entitled to a continuation of the exemption under this subdivision and shall not be required to obtain or provide a certification of approval from the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection;

(52) Structures and equipment for air pollution control. (a) Structures and equipment acquired by purchase or lease after July 1, 1967, for the primary purpose of reducing, controlling or eliminating air pollution, certified as approved for such purpose by the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection. Said commissioner may certify to a portion of structures and equipment so acquired to the extent that such portion shall have as its primary purpose the reduction, control or elimination of air pollution;

(b) Any owner or lessee of such structures or equipment who wishes to claim the exemption provided under this subdivision for any assessment year shall, on or before the first day of November in such assessment year, file an application for such exemption with the assessor or board of assessors in the town in which such structures and equipment are located, in the form and manner said assessor or assessors shall prescribe together with such certification by the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection, as required under subparagraph (a) of this subdivision. Failure to file such certification within the time limitation prescribed herein shall constitute a waiver of the right to such exemption for such assessment year. Such certification shall not be required for any assessment year following that for which initial certification is filed, provided if such structures and equipment are altered in any manner, such alteration shall be deemed a waiver of the right to such exemption until such certification, applicable with respect to the altered structures and equipment, is filed and the right to such exemption is established as required initially;

(c) In the event there is a change in the name of the owner or lessee of any structure or equipment for which an exemption is granted pursuant to this subdivision, the new owner or lessee of such structure or equipment shall be required to file a revised application with the assessor or board of assessors on or before the first day of November immediately following the end of the assessment year during which such change occurs, except that for the assessment year commencing October 1, 2005, a revised application may be filed when there has been a change in the name of the owner or lessee of such structure or equipment during any assessment year and the exemption under this subdivision continued to be granted for each assessment year following such change. If such structures or equipment have not been altered in any manner, such new owner or lessee shall be entitled to a continuation of the exemption under this subdivision and shall not be required to obtain or provide a certification of approval from the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection;

(53) Motor vehicle of member of armed forces. (a) One motor vehicle belonging to, leased to or held in trust for, any member of the United States armed forces, if such motor vehicle is garaged inside or outside the state;

(b) Any person claiming the exemption provided under this subdivision for any assessment year shall, not later than the thirty-first day of December next following the date on which property tax is due in such assessment year, file with the assessor or board of assessors, in the town in which such motor vehicle is registered, written application claiming such exemption on a form approved for such purpose by such assessor or board. Notwithstanding the provisions of this chapter, any person claiming the exemption under this subdivision for a leased motor vehicle shall be entitled to a refund of the tax paid with respect to such vehicle, whether such tax was paid by the lessee or by the lessor pursuant to the terms of the lease. Upon approving such person's exemption claim, the assessor shall certify the amount of refund to which the applicant is entitled and shall notify the tax collector of such amount. The tax collector shall refer such certification to the board of selectmen in a town or to the corresponding authority in any other municipality. Upon receipt of such certification, the selectmen or such other authority shall draw an order on the Treasurer in favor of such person for the amount of refund so certified. Failure to file such application as prescribed herein with respect to any assessment year shall constitute a waiver of the right to such exemption for such assessment year;

(54) Wholesale and retail business inventory. The monthly average quantity of goods of any wholesale and retail business to the extent of one-twelfth of their valuation for purposes of assessment in the year 1971, two-twelfths in the year 1972, three-twelfths in the year 1973, four-twelfths in the year 1974, five-twelfths in the year 1975, six-twelfths in the year 1976, seven-twelfths in the year 1977, eight-twelfths in the year 1978, nine-twelfths in the year 1979, ten-twelfths in the year 1980, eleven-twelfths in the year 1981 and one hundred per cent in the year 1982 and each year thereafter. As used in this subdivision, “wholesale and retail business” means a business the principal activity of which is making sales of tangible personal property with the object of gain, benefit or advantage, either direct or indirect;

(55) Property of totally disabled persons. Property to the amount of one thousand dollars belonging to, or held in trust for, any resident of this state who (1) is eligible, in accordance with applicable federal regulations, to receive permanent total disability benefits under Social Security, (2) has not been engaged in employment covered by Social Security and accordingly has not qualified for benefits thereunder but who has become qualified for permanent total disability benefits under any federal, state or local government retirement or disability plan, including the Railroad Retirement Act and any government-related teacher's retirement plan, determined by the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management to contain requirements in respect to qualification for such permanent total disability benefits which are comparable to such requirements under Social Security, or (3) has attained age sixty-five or over and would be eligible in accordance with applicable federal regulations to receive permanent total disability benefits under Social Security or any such federal, state or local government retirement or disability plan as described in subparagraph (2) of this subdivision, except that such resident has attained age sixty-five or over and accordingly is no longer eligible to receive benefits under the disability benefit provisions of Social Security or such other plan because of payments received under retirement provisions thereof; or, lacking said amount of property in his own name, so much of the property belonging to, or held in trust for, his spouse, who is domiciled with him, as is necessary to equal said amount. Each assessor shall issue a certificate of correction with respect to the property of a person who would have been eligible, except for the provisions of section 40 of public act 03-6 of the June 30 special session**, to receive the exemption under this subdivision for the assessment year commencing October 1, 2003. Such certificate shall reduce the assessment of such eligible person's property by the amount of said exemption;

(56) Active solar energy heating or cooling systems. (a) Subject to authorization of the exemption by ordinance in any municipality, any building, the construction of which is commenced on or after October 1, 1976, which is equipped with an active solar energy heating or cooling system, or any building to which a solar energy heating or cooling system is added on or after October 1, 1976, to the extent of the amount by which the assessed valuation of such real property equipped with such solar heating or cooling system exceeds the assessed valuation of such real property equipped with the conventional portion of the heating or cooling system, exclusive of any portion of such system related to solar energy, provided this exemption shall only apply to the first fifteen assessment years following construction of such building or addition of any such system to a building;

(b) As used in this subdivision, “active solar energy heating or cooling system” means equipment which (1) provides for the collection, transfer, storage and use of incident solar energy for water heating, space heating or cooling which absent such solar energy system would require a conventional energy resource, such as petroleum products, natural gas or electricity, (2) employs mechanical means such as fans or pumps to transfer energy, and (3) meets standards established by regulation, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, by the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management;

(c) Any person claiming the exemption provided in this subdivision for any assessment year shall, on or before the first day of November in such assessment year, file with the assessor or board of assessors in the town in which such real property is located written application claiming such exemption. Failure to file such application in the manner and form as provided by such assessor or board within the time limit prescribed shall constitute a waiver of the right to such exemption for such assessment year. Such application shall not be required for any assessment year following that for which the initial application is filed, provided if such solar energy heating or cooling system is altered in a manner which would require a building permit, such alteration shall be deemed a waiver of the right to such exemption until a new application, applicable with respect to such altered system, is filed and the right to such exemption is established as required initially;

(57) Class I renewable energy sources, hydropower facilities, solar water or space heating systems, geothermal energy resources and solar thermal or geothermal renewable energy sources. (A)(i) Any Class I renewable energy source, as defined in section 16-1, or hydropower facility described in subdivision (21) of subsection (a) of section 16-1, installed for the generation of electricity where such electricity is intended for private residential use or on a farm, as defined in subsection (q) of section 1-1, provided (I) such installation occurs on or after October 1, 2007, (II) the estimated annual production

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 14-164

Sec. 14-164a. (Formerly Sec. 29-143). Motor vehicle racing. (a) No person shall operate a motor vehicle in any race, contest or demonstration of speed or skill with a motor vehicle as a public exhibition except in accordance with the provisions of this section. Such race or exhibition may be conducted at any reasonable hour of any week day or after twelve o'clock noon on any Sunday. The legislative body of the city, borough or town in which the race or exhibition will be held may issue a permit allowing a start time prior to twelve o'clock noon on any Sunday, provided no such race or exhibition shall take place contrary to the provisions of any city, borough or town ordinances. The person conducting such race or exhibition shall provide for first-aid and medical supplies and equipment, including ambulances, and the attendance of doctors or other persons qualified to give emergency medical aid, police and fire protection, and such other requirements as will eliminate any unusual hazard to participants in such race or exhibition or to the spectators. Smoking or carrying a lighted smoking implement shall be prohibited in any area where fuel is stored or transferred. Each facility, other than a motor cross racing facility, where racing is conducted shall contain restricted areas which shall be posted with notice that only persons with the appropriate credentials may be admitted to such restricted areas. Areas of the facility subject to this requirement shall include, but need not be limited to, the pit area and pit lane, track, media area or areas and any other area that is unprotected from participating vehicles.

(b) No minor under the age of sixteen years may participate in motor cross racing, except that a minor thirteen years of age or older may participate in such racing with the written permission of the minor's parents or legal guardian. If weather or track conditions are such as to make such race or exhibition unusually hazardous, the person conducting such race or exhibition shall cancel or postpone the same or may require the use of tires of a type manufactured for such adverse conditions. No person shall conduct or participate in any motor vehicle race or contest or demonstration of speed or skill in any motor vehicle on the ice of any body of water. The provisions of this section shall not apply to a motor vehicle with a motor of no more than three horsepower or a go-cart-type vehicle with a motor of no more than twelve horsepower, when operated on a track of one-eighth of a mile or less in length. Preliminary preparations and practice runs, performed after eleven o'clock in the forenoon, on the date designated in the permit and prior to cancellation or postponement, shall not be construed to constitute a race or exhibition within the meaning of this section. No preliminary preparations or practice runs shall be performed before twelve o'clock noon on Sunday. For the purposes of this subsection, “motor cross racing” means motorcycle racing on a dirt track by participants operating motorcycles designed and manufactured exclusively for off-road use and powered by an engine having a capacity of not more than five hundred cubic centimeters piston displacement.

(c) The Commissioner of Motor Vehicles shall adopt regulations, in accordance with chapter 54, concerning mandatory safety equipment for vehicles that participate in any race or exhibition conducted in accordance with the provisions of this section. Such regulations shall require any equipment necessary for the protection of drivers.

(d) Any person participating in or conducting any motor vehicle race or exhibition contrary to the provisions of this section shall be fined not more than two hundred dollars or imprisoned not more than six months, or both.

(1949 Rev., S. 3727; 1953, 1955, S. 2020d; 1957, P.A. 213, S. 1; 1961, P.A. 359; 1963, P.A. 432; 1971, P.A. 384; P.A. 73-672, S. 1, 2; P.A. 75-404, S. 1, 2; P.A. 84-254, S. 50, 62; P.A. 85-298, S. 1, 2; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-13, S. 13, 21; P.A. 94-189, S. 27, 34; P.A. 98-182, S. 3, 22; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9, S. 84, 131; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-3, S. 37; P.A. 04-199, S. 11; P.A. 05-218, S. 41.)

History: 1961 act added regulation of tires; 1963 act added provision re preliminary preparations and practice runs; 1971 act increased application fee from $20 to $35; P.A. 73-672 replaced commissioner of state police with commissioner of motor vehicles and substituted “other person” for “state police officer”; Sec. 29-143 transferred to Sec. 14-164a in 1975; P.A. 75-404 increased application fee to $50 and allowed racing to take place after noon on Sunday rather than after two o'clock; P.A. 84-254 amended Subsec. (a) to periodically increase the fee from $50 to $177 as of July 1, 1993; P.A. 85-298 amended Subsec. (a) to define “motor cross racing” and to permit a minor 13 years of age or older to participate in such racing with written permission; June Sp. Sess. 91-13 deleted obsolete fee increases in Subsec. (a), inserted new Subsec. (b) to require the commissioner to assign an inspector to each race or exhibition, charge a fee for the services of the inspector and made technical changes, relettering former Subsec. (b) as (c); P.A. 94-189 amended Subsec. (a) to exclude go-cart type vehicles with a motor of no more than 12 horsepower, when operated on a track of one-eighth of a mile or less in length from provisions of section, effective July 1, 1994; P.A. 98-182 amended Subsec. (a) by adding a provision allowing a start time prior to twelve o'clock noon on any Sunday with the approval of the local legislative body, effective July 1, 1998; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9 decreased application fee to $75 and made technical changes for purposes of gender neutrality, effective July 1, 2001; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-3 eliminated former Subsec. (b) re assignment of inspector to motor vehicle race or exhibition and redesignated existing Subsec. (c) as new Subsec. (b), making a technical change therein, effective August 20, 2003; P.A. 04-199 amended Subsec. (a) to delete provisions re permit obtained from Commissioner of Motor Vehicles, to delete provision re permissive regulations by commissioner as to conditions for race or exhibition, to require person conducting race or exhibition to provide medical and other safety protections, to provide restricted areas to which only persons with appropriate credentials shall be admitted and to prohibit smoking in any area where fuel is stored or transferred, designated portion of existing Subsec. (a) as new Subsec. (b) and amended same to require person conducting race or exhibition to cancel or postpone race or exhibition due to hazardous conditions or to require use of tires manufactured for adverse conditions, added Subsec. (c) requiring commissioner to adopt regulations re safety equipment and redesignated existing Subsec. (b) as Subsec. (d), effective June 3, 2004; P.A. 05-218 amended Subsec. (a) by adding “other than a motor cross racing facility” and making a technical change, effective July 1, 2005.

Subsec. (a) is prohibitory in nature and does not preempt town zoning regulations restricting hours of racing activities on any day of the week or hour of the day, or regulations prohibiting such activities altogether. 335 C. 606.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 15-45.

Sec. 15-45. Investigations. The executive director may hold investigations, inquiries and hearings concerning matters covered by the provisions of this chapter, aircraft accidents, unmanned aircraft accidents or orders, regulations and procedures of the executive director.

(1949 Rev., S. 4790; 1969, P.A. 768, S. 172; P.A. 15-192, S. 30; P.A. 24-40, S. 31.)

History: 1969 act replaced references to commission, commission members and its director with references to commissioner of transportation and deleted provision re administration of oaths and subpoena power; P.A. 15-192 replaced “commissioner” with “executive director”, effective July 2, 2015; P.A. 24-40 added reference to unmanned aircraft accidents and procedures, effective July 1, 2024.

Cited. 211 C. 690.

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Secs. 15-46 to 15-51. No exclusive rights to be granted. Federal aid; contracts by commissioner as agent of the state or a municipality. Authority of commission over state airports. Regulation of motor vehicles on state airports. Agreements for fire protection. Regulation of aircraft, airmen, airports and air instruction; licenses and registrations; fees. Sections 15-46 to 15-51, inclusive, are repealed.

(1949 Rev., S. 4791, 4792, 4796, 4817; 1949, S. 2410d, 2433d, 2434d; 1957, P.A. 498; September, 1957, P.A. 8; 1959, P.A. 391, S. 1; 569, S. 1; 1961, P.A. 34; 55; 1963, P.A. 237; 426; 1969, P.A. 421, S. 1; 460, S. 1; 768, S. 173, 263; 1972, P.A. 207, S. 11; June, 1972, P.A. 1, S. 8.)

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 16-260.

Sec. 16-260. Water meters may be required. Any water company supplying water to the inhabitants of any city, town, village or borough, for domestic, manufacturing or fire protection purposes, may refuse to furnish water, except by metered measurement at established rates, to the owner or occupant of any premises upon which water is allowed to be wasted by reason of defective fixtures, or otherwise, after notification to such owner or occupant and reasonable time given to him to make necessary repairs.

(1949 Rev., S. 5672.)

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 20-299.

Sec. 20-299. Definitions. As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:

(1) “Professional engineer” means a person who is qualified by reason of his knowledge of mathematics, the physical sciences and the principles of engineering, acquired by professional education and practical experience, to engage in engineering practice, including rendering or offering to render to clients any professional service such as consultation, investigation, evaluation, planning, design or responsible supervision of construction, in connection with any public or privately-owned structures, buildings, machines, equipment, processes, works or projects in which the public welfare or the safeguarding of life, public health or property is concerned or involved;

(2) “Land surveyor” means a person who is qualified by knowledge of mathematics, physical and applied sciences and the principles of land surveying, and who is licensed under this chapter to practice or offer to practice the profession of land surveying, including, but not limited to: (A) Measuring, evaluating or mapping elevations, topography, planimetric features or land areas of any portion of the earth's surface; (B) determining positions of points with respect to appropriate horizontal or vertical datums in order to establish control networks for topographic, planimetric or cadastral mapping; (C) measuring, evaluating, mapping, monumenting or otherwise marking on the ground, property boundary lines, interior lot lines of subdivisions, easements, rights-of-way or street lines; (D) measuring, evaluating, mapping or marking on the ground, the horizontal location of existing or proposed buildings, structures or other improvements with respect to property boundary lines, building, setback, zoning or restriction lines, existing or proposed interior lot lines, easements, rights-of-way or street lines; (E) measuring, evaluating, mapping or reporting the vertical location of existing or proposed buildings, structures or other improvements with respect to vertical reference surfaces, including base flood elevations; (F) measuring, evaluating, mapping or reporting the location of existing or proposed buildings, structures or other improvements or their surrounding topography with respect to flood insurance rate mapping or federal emergency management agency mapping; (G) measuring or mapping inland wetland boundaries delineated by a soil scientist; (H) creating or mapping surveys required for condominiums or planned communities meeting the requirements of section 47-228; (I) monumenting or otherwise marking on the ground, property subject to development rights, vertical unit boundaries, horizontal unit boundaries, leasehold real property or limited common elements described in section 47-228; (J) evaluating or designing the horizontal or vertical alignment of roads in conjunction with the layout and mapping of a subdivision; (K) measuring, evaluating or mapping areas under the earth's surface and the beds of bodies of water;

(3) “Automatic fire sprinkler system layout technician” means a person, licensed by the Department of Consumer Protection pursuant to this chapter, to design automatic fire sprinkler system layouts;

(4) “Automatic fire sprinkler system layout” means preparing and designing shop drawings to be used for the installation, alteration or modification of an automatic fire sprinkler system;

(5) “National Institute for Certification in Engineering Technologies” means a nationally recognized organization which determines the qualifications of automatic fire sprinkler system layout technicians through a series of standardized examinations; and

(6) “Board” means the State Board of Examiners for Professional Engineers and Land Surveyors appointed under the provisions of section 20-300.

(1957, P.A. 546; P.A. 82-472, S. 87, 183; P.A. 91-273, S. 1; P.A. 98-3, S. 9; P.A. 00-192, S. 53, 102; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(d); P.A. 04-169, S. 17; 04-189, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 82-472 subdivided the section; P.A. 91-273 added definitions of “automatic fire sprinkler system layout technician”, “automatic fire sprinkler system layout” and “National Institute for Certification in Engineering Technologies”; P.A. 98-3 defined “board”; P.A. 00-192 amended Subdiv. (2) to redefine “land surveyor”, effective July 1, 2000; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 and P.A. 04-169 replaced Department of Consumer Protection with Department of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-189 repealed Sec. 146 of June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, thereby reversing the merger of the Departments of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective June 1, 2004.

Cited. 200 C. 145; 207 C. 496.

Cited. 41 CA 67.

Subdiv. (2):

Context in which term “evaluating” is used indicates that “land surveyor” means a person who has knowledge of mathematics, physical and applied sciences and principles of land surveying, and who uses such knowledge to evaluate features of land “directly” and to report thereon; plaintiff, in reviewing reports generated by licensed land surveyors and comparing descriptions and drawings contained therein, does not engage in practice of land surveying inasmuch as plaintiff is not “evaluating” land directly. 265 C. 400.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 20-304

Sec. 20-304a. Automatic fire sprinkler system layout technician's license. Exemption. Regulations. (a) The board or Commissioner of Consumer Protection may issue an automatic fire sprinkler system layout technician's license to any person who has received level III certification from the National Institute for Certification in Engineering Technologies in the field of fire protection engineering technology or a subfield of automatic sprinkler system layout. Any person who is a professional engineer licensed in accordance with the provisions of this chapter shall be exempt from such licensing requirement.

(b) The Commissioner of Consumer Protection shall adopt regulations, in accordance with chapter 54, for the issuance of automatic fire sprinkler system layout technician's licenses and to prescribe the amount of the fees required pursuant to this section. Upon the adoption of such regulations, the fees required for such licenses shall be as prescribed in such regulation.

(P.A. 91-273, S. 2; P.A. 93-361, S. 11, 16, 17; P.A. 98-3, S. 15; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(c); P.A. 04-189, S. 1; P.A. 15-60, S. 4; P.A. 16-185, S. 21.)

History: P.A. 93-361 made existing section Subsec. (a) and added a new Subsec. (b) requiring commissioner to adopt regulations for automatic fire sprinkler system layout technician's licenses and exempted plumbing journeymen, plumbing contractors and journeymen sprinkler fitters from licensing requirements, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 98-3 made technical changes; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 replaced Commissioner of Consumer Protection with Commissioner of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-189 repealed Sec. 146 of June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, thereby reversing the merger of the Departments of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective June 1, 2004; P.A. 15-60 amended Subsec. (a) by deleting licensing exemption for licensed plumbing and piping journeyman, plumbing and piping contractor and journeyman sprinkler fitter and amended Subsec. (b) by making a technical change; P.A. 16-185 amended Subsec. (a) to add reference to Commissioner of Consumer Protection in provision re issuance of license, effective July 1, 2016.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 20-330.

Sec. 20-330. Definitions. As used in this chapter:

(1) “Contractor” means any person regularly offering to the general public services of such person or such person's employees in the field of electrical work, plumbing and piping work, solar work, heating, piping, cooling and sheet metal work, fire protection sprinkler systems work, elevator installation, repair and maintenance work, irrigation work, automotive glass work or flat glass work, as defined in this section;

(2) “Electrical work” means the installation, erection, maintenance, inspection, testing, alteration or repair of any wire, cable, conduit, busway, raceway, support, insulator, conductor, appliance, apparatus, fixture or equipment that generates, transforms, transmits or uses electrical energy for light, heat, power or other purposes, but does not include low voltage wiring, not exceeding twenty-four volts, used within a lawn sprinkler system;

(3) “Plumbing and piping work” means the installation, repair, replacement, alteration, maintenance, inspection or testing of gas, water and associated fixtures, tubing and piping mains and branch lines up to and including the closest valve to a machine or equipment used in the manufacturing process, laboratory equipment, sanitary equipment, other than subsurface sewage disposal systems, fire prevention apparatus, all water systems for human usage, sewage treatment facilities and all associated fittings within a building and includes lateral storm and sanitary lines from buildings to the mains, process piping, swimming pools and pumping equipment, and includes making connections to back flow prevention devices, and includes low voltage wiring, not exceeding twenty-four volts, used within a lawn sprinkler system, but does not include (A) solar thermal work performed pursuant to a certificate held as provided in section 20-334g, except for the repair of those portions of a solar hot water heating system that include the basic domestic hot water tank and the tie-in to the potable water system, (B) the installation, repair, replacement, alteration, maintenance, inspection or testing of fire prevention apparatus within a structure, except for standpipes that are not connected to sprinkler systems, (C) medical gas and vacuum systems work, and (D) millwright work. For the purposes of this subdivision, “process piping” means piping or tubing that conveys liquid or gas that is used directly in the production of a chemical or a product for human consumption;

(4) “Solar thermal work” means the installation, erection, repair, replacement, alteration, maintenance, inspection or testing of active, passive and hybrid solar systems that directly convert ambient energy into heat or convey, store or distribute such ambient energy;

(5) “Heating, piping and cooling work” means (A) the installation, repair, replacement, maintenance, inspection, testing or alteration of any apparatus for piping, appliances, devices or accessories for heating systems, including sheet metal work, (B) the installation, repair, replacement, maintenance, inspection, testing or alteration of air conditioning and refrigeration systems, boilers, including apparatus and piping for the generation or conveyance of steam and associated pumping equipment and process piping and the installation of tubing and piping mains and branch lines up to and including the closest valve to a machine or equipment used in the manufacturing process and onsite testing and balancing of hydronic, steam and combustion air, but excluding millwright work, and (C) on-site operation, by manipulating, adjusting or controlling, with sufficient technical knowledge, as determined by the commissioner, (i) heating systems with a steam or water boiler maximum operating pressure of fifteen pounds per square inch gauge or greater, or (ii) air conditioning or refrigeration systems with an aggregate of more than fifty horsepower or kilowatt equivalency of fifty horsepower or of two hundred pounds of refrigerant. Heating, piping and cooling work does not include solar thermal work performed pursuant to a certificate held as provided in section 20-334g, or medical gas and vacuum systems work or the passive monitoring of heating, air conditioning or refrigeration systems. For the purposes of this subdivision, “process piping” means piping or tubing that conveys liquid or gas that is used directly in the production of a chemical or a product for human consumption;

(6) “Apprentice” means any person registered with the Labor Department for the purpose of learning a skilled trade;

(7) “Elevator installation, repair and maintenance work” means the installation, erection, maintenance, inspection, testing and repair of all types of elevators, dumb waiters, escalators, and moving walks and all mechanical equipment, fittings, associated piping and wiring from a source of supply brought to the equipment room by an unlimited electrical contractor for all types of machines used to hoist or convey persons or materials, but does not include temporary hoisting machines used for hoisting materials in connection with any construction job or project, provided “elevator inspection” includes the visual examination of an elevator system or portion of a system, with or without the disassembly or removal of component parts;

(8) “Elevator maintenance” means the lubrication, inspection, testing and replacement of controls, hoist way and car parts;

(9) “Fire protection sprinkler systems work” means the layout, on-site fabrication, installation, alteration, maintenance, inspection, testing or repair of any automatic or manual sprinkler system designed for the protection of the interior or exterior of a building or structure from fire, or any piping or tubing and appurtenances and equipment pertaining to such system including overhead and underground water mains, fire hydrants and hydrant mains, standpipes and hose connections to sprinkler systems, sprinkler tank heaters excluding electrical wiring, air lines and thermal systems used in connection with sprinkler and alarm systems connected thereto, foam extinguishing systems or special hazard systems including water spray, foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical systems, halon and other liquid or gas fire suppression systems, but does not include (A) any engineering design work connected with the layout of fire protection sprinkler systems, or (B) any work performed by employees of or contractors hired by a public water system, as defined in subsection (a) of section 25-33d;

(10) “State Fire Marshal” means the State Fire Marshal appointed by the Commissioner of Administrative Services;

(11) “Journeyman sprinkler fitter” means a specialized pipe fitter craftsman, experienced and skilled in the installation, alteration, maintenance and repair of fire protection sprinkler systems;

(12) “Irrigation work” means making the connections to and the inspection and testing of back flow prevention devices, and low voltage wiring, not exceeding twenty-four volts, used within a lawn sprinkler system;

(13) “Sheet metal work” means the onsite layout, installation, erection, replacement, repair or alteration, including, but not limited to, onsite testing and balancing of related life safety components, environmental air, heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems by manipulating, adjusting or controlling such systems for optimum balance performance of any duct work system, ferrous, nonferrous or other material for ductwork systems, components, devices, air louvers or accessories, in accordance with the State Building Code;

(14) “Journeyman sheet metal worker” means an experienced craftsman skilled in the installation, erection, replacement, repair or alteration of duct work systems, both ferrous and nonferrous;

(15) “Automotive glass work” means installing, maintaining or repairing fixed glass in motor vehicles;

(16) “Flat glass work” means installing, maintaining or repairing glass in residential or commercial structures;

(17) “Medical gas and vacuum systems work” means the work and practice, materials, instrumentation and fixtures used in the construction, installation, alteration, extension, removal, repair, maintenance, inspection, testing or renovation of gas and vacuum systems and equipment used solely to transport gases for medical purposes and to remove liquids, air-gases or solids from such systems;

(18) “Solar electricity work” means the installation, erection, repair, replacement, alteration, maintenance, inspection and testing of photovoltaic or wind generation equipment used to distribute or store ambient energy for heat, light, power or other purposes to a point immediately inside any structure or adjacent to an end use;

(19) “Active solar system” means a system that uses an external source of energy to power a motor-driven fan or pump to force the circulation of a fluid through solar heat collectors and which removes the sun's heat from the collectors and transports such heat to a location where it may be used or stored;

(20) “Passive solar system” means a system that is capable of collecting or storing the sun's energy as heat without the use of a motor-driven fan or pump;

(21) “Hybrid solar system” means a system that contains components of both an active solar system and a passive solar system;

(22) “Gas hearth product work” means the installation, service, inspection, testing or repair of a propane or natural gas fired fireplace, fireplace insert, stove or log set and associated venting and piping that simulates a flame of a solid fuel fire. “Gas hearth product work” does not include (A) fuel piping work, (B) the servicing of fuel piping, or (C) work associated with pressure regulating devices, except for appliances gas valves;

(23) “Millwright work” means the installation, repair, replacement, maintenance or alteration, including the inspection and testing, of (A) power generation machinery, or (B) industrial machinery, including the related interconnection of piping and tubing used in the manufacturing process, but does not include the performance of any action for which licensure is required under this chapter;

(24) “Inspection” means the examination of a system or portion of a system, involving the disassembly or removal of component parts of the system;

(25) “Testing” means to determine the status of a system as intended for its use, with or without the disassembly of component parts of the system, by the use of testing and measurement instruments;

(26) “Owner” means a person who owns or resides in a residential property and includes any agent thereof, including, but not limited to, a condominium association. An owner of a residential property is not required to reside in such residential property to be deemed an owner under this subdivision;

(27) “Person” means an individual, partnership, limited liability company or corporation; and

(28) “Residential property” means a single family dwelling, a multifamily dwelling consisting of not more than six units, or a unit, common element or limited common element in a condominium, as defined in section 47-68a, or in a common interest community, as defined in section 47-202, or any number of condominium units for which a condominium association acts as an agent for the unit owners.

(February, 1965, P.A. 493, S. 1; 1967, P.A. 789, S. 1; P.A. 74-341, S. 15, 16; P.A. 82-312, S. 3, 4; 82-439, S. 1, 7; 82-472, S. 89, 183; P.A. 83-426, S. 1; P.A. 87-588, S. 2, 8; P.A. 90-194, S. 1; P.A. 98-3, S. 23; P.A. 99-170, S. 1; 99-253, S. 1; P.A. 00-128, S. 1, 3; P.A. 02-27, S. 1; 02-92, S. 1; P.A. 03-83, S. 1, 2; P.A. 05-88, S. 1; 05-211, S. 1; P.A. 06-157, S. 2; P.A. 07-183, S. 1; P.A. 09-153, S. 3; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-8, S. 31; P.A. 11-51, S. 93; P.A. 13-247, S. 200; P.A. 17-77, S. 10; P.A. 19-177, S. 9; P.A. 21-37, S. 22.)

History: 1967 act redesignated plumbing work as plumbing and piping work and redefined same, redesignated steamfitting work as heating, piping and cooling work and redefined same, included as contractors persons doing elevator installation and maintenance as well as repair work and expanded former definition for elevator repair-work, added definitions for elevator maintenance and apprentice, rearranged statute to delete definitions for electrician, plumber, steamfitter and elevator repairman and deleted definition for journeyman; P.A. 74-341 redefined “plumbing and piping work” to specifically exclude subsurface sewage disposal systems; P.A. 82-312 included in definition of “plumbing and piping work” repair of portions of solar hot water heating system which include domestic hot water tank and tie-in to potable water system, effective October 1, 1983; P.A. 82-439 added definition for “solar work” and, on and after April 1, 1984, excluded solar work from definitions of “plumbing and piping work” and “heating, piping and cooling work”, effective October 1, 1983; P.A. 82-472 subdivided the section; P.A. 83-426 changed from April 1, 1984, to July 1, 1984, date from which “solar work” excluded from definitions of “plumbing and piping work” and “heating, piping and cooling work”; P.A. 87-588 redefined “contractor” to include persons engaged in the field of fire protection sprinkler systems, redefined “plumbing and piping work” to exclude work on fire prevention apparatus within a structure, except for standpipes which are not connected to sprinkler systems, redefined “apprentice” and added Subdivs. (9), (10) and (11) defining “fire protection sprinkler systems work”, “state fire marshal” and “journeymen sprinkler fitter”, respectively, effective July 1, 1988; P.A. 90-194 defined “irrigation work” and redefined “contractor”, “electrical work” and “plumbing and piping work” to include or exclude irrigation, as the case may be; (Revisor's note: In 1997 the reference in Subdiv. (10) to “state police department” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Division of State Police”); P.A. 98-3 made technical changes; P.A. 99-170 made technical and gender neutral changes, redefined “contractor” to include automotive glass and flat glass workers, and added new Subdivs. defining “automotive glass work” and “flat glass work”; P.A. 99-253 made gender neutral and technical changes, redefined “contractor” to include sheet metal workers, and added new Subdivs. defining “sheet metal work” and “journeyman sheet metal worker”; P.A. 00-128 redefined “heating, piping and cooling work” in Subdiv. (5) to include sheet metal work and to make technical changes, effective May 26, 2000; P.A. 02-27 redefined “fire protection sprinkler systems work” in Subdiv. (9) to include “maintenance” of any sprinkler system and related equipment; P.A. 02-92 redefined “plumbing and piping work” and “heating, piping and cooling work” in Subdivs. (3) and (5), respectively, to exclude medical gas and vacuum systems work and added Subdiv. (17) defining “medical gas and vacuum systems work”, effective July 1, 2003 (Revisor's note: In Subdiv. (5) the new reference to “... or medical gas and vacuum systems;” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “... or medical gas and vacuum systems work;” for consistency); P.A. 03-83 added “process piping” to the definition of “plumbing and piping work” in Subdiv. (3) and the definition of “heating, piping and cooling work” in Subdiv. (5) and defined the term in both Subdivs.; P.A. 05-88 amended Subdivs. (3) and (5) to include piping or tubing that conveys liquid or gas that is used directly in the production of a chemical in the definition of “process piping”; P.A. 05-211 deleted definition of “solar work” and defined “solar thermal work”, “solar electricity work”, “active solar system”, “passive solar system” and “hybrid solar system”; P.A. 06-157 defined “gas hearth product work”; P.A. 07-183 redefined “heating, piping and cooling work” in Subdiv. (5) to include on-site operation of heating systems with steam or water boiler maximum operating pressure of 15 pounds per square inch gauge or greater, or air conditioning or refrigeration systems with aggregate of more than 50 horsepower or kilowatt equivalency of 50 horsepower or of 200 pounds of refrigerant and to exclude the passive monitoring of heating, air conditioning or refrigeration systems, effective July 1, 2007; P.A. 09-153 redefined “plumbing and piping work” in Subdiv. (3) and “heating, piping and cooling work” in Subdiv. (5) and added Subdiv. (23) defining “millwright work”; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-8 amended Subdivs. (3) and (5) by changing “solar work” to “solar thermal work” and adding provisions re such work performed pursuant to certificate held as provided in Sec. 20-334g, effective October 5, 2009; P.A. 11-51 redefined “State Fire Marshal” in Subdiv. (10), effective July 1, 2011; pursuant to P.A. 13-247, “Commissioner of Construction Services” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Administrative Services” in Subdiv. (10), effective July 1, 2013; P.A. 17-77 redefined “sheet metal work” in Subdiv. (13); P.A. 19-177 amended Subdiv. (2) by redefining “electrical work”, amended Subdiv. (3) by redefining “plumbing and piping work”, amended Subdiv. (4) by redefining “solar thermal work”, amended Subdiv. (5) by redefining “heating, piping and cooling work”, amended Subdiv. (7) by redefining “elevator installation, repair and maintenance work”, amended Subdiv. (8) by redefining “elevator maintenance”, amended Subdiv. (9) by redefining “fire protection sprinkler systems work”, amended Subdiv. (12) by redefining “irrigation work”, amended Subdiv. (17) by redefining “medical gas and vacuum systems work”, amended Subdiv. (18) by redefining “solar electricity work”, amended Subdiv. (22) by redefining “gas hearth product work”, amended Subdiv. (23) by redefining “millwright work”, added Subdiv. (24) defining “inspection”, adding Subdiv. (25) defining “testing”, and made technical changes; P.A. 21-37 amended Subdiv. (8) by making a technical change, added Subdiv. (26) defining “owner”, Subdiv. (27) defining “person” and Subdiv. (28) defining “residential property”, effective June 4, 2021.

See Sec. 20-334a re types of licenses.

See Sec. 29-291 re appointment of State Fire Marshal.

Cited. 209 C. 719.

Cited. 3 CA 707; 12 CA 251; 34 CA 123.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 20-331.

Sec. 20-331. Examining boards. (a) There shall be in the Department of Consumer Protection separate examining boards for each of the following occupations: (1) Electrical work; (2) plumbing and piping work; (3) heating, piping, cooling and sheet metal work; (4) elevator installation, repair and maintenance work; (5) fire protection sprinkler systems work; and (6) automotive glass work and flat glass work.

(b) The Electrical Work Board shall consist of twelve members who shall be residents of this state, one of whom shall be a general contractor or an unlimited contractor licensed for such occupation under this chapter, two of whom shall be unlimited contractors licensed for such occupation under this chapter, neither of whom at the time of appointment shall be a member or an employee of a member of a trade union or a party or an employee of a party to a contract with a trade union, one of whom shall be an electronic technician licensed under chapter 394, four of whom shall be unlimited journeymen licensed for such occupation under this chapter, who at the time of appointment shall be members of a trade union and four of whom shall be public members.

(c) The Heating, Piping, Cooling and Sheet Metal Work Board shall consist of twelve members who shall be residents of this state and, except as otherwise provided in this subsection, (1) one of whom shall be a general contractor or an unlimited contractor licensed to perform heating, piping and cooling work under this chapter, (2) two of whom shall be unlimited contractors licensed to perform heating, piping and cooling work under this chapter, neither of whom at the time of appointment shall be a member or an employee of a member of a trade union or a party or an employee of a party to a contract with a trade union, (3) one of whom shall be a limited contractor licensed to perform sheet metal work under this chapter, provided such member's powers and duties on the board shall be limited to matters concerning sheet metal work, as defined in subdivision (13) of section 20-330, (4) three of whom shall be unlimited journeymen licensed to perform heating, piping and cooling work under this chapter, who at the time of appointment shall be members of a trade union, (5) one of whom shall be a journeyman sheet metal worker, who at the time of appointment shall be a member of a trade union, provided such member's powers and duties shall be limited to matters concerning sheet metal work, as defined in subdivision (13) of section 20-330, and (6) four of whom shall be public members. Each person who is a member of the board on October 1, 1999, shall continue to serve at the pleasure of the Governor. Only the members appointed pursuant to subdivisions (1), (3), (5) and (6) of this subsection may consider and act upon matters concerning sheet metal work, as defined in subdivision (13) of section 20-330.

(d) The Plumbing and Piping Work Board shall consist of twelve members who shall be residents of this state, one of whom shall be a general contractor or an unlimited contractor licensed for such occupations under this chapter, two of whom shall be unlimited contractors licensed for such occupations under this chapter, neither of whom at the time of appointment shall be a member or an employee of a member of a trade union or a party or an employee of a party to a contract with a trade union, one of whom shall be a well drilling contractor licensed pursuant to section 25-129, four of whom shall be unlimited journeymen licensed for such occupations under this chapter, who at the time of appointment shall be members of a trade union, and four of whom shall be public members.

(e) The Elevator Installation, Repair and Maintenance Board shall consist of eight members who shall be residents of this state, three of whom shall be unlimited contractors, two of whom shall be elevator craftsmen, licensed for such occupation under this chapter, and three of whom shall be public members, provided at least one of the unlimited contractors shall be a member of either the National Association of Elevator Contractors or the National Elevator Industries, Incorporated.

(f) The Fire Protection Sprinkler Systems Board shall consist of nine members who shall be residents of this state, two of whom shall be journeymen sprinkler fitters, two of whom shall be fire protection sprinkler contractors, three of whom shall be public members, one of whom shall be a representative of the State Fire Marshal and one of whom shall be a local fire marshal.

(g) The Automotive Glass Work and Flat Glass Work Board shall consist of eight members who shall be residents of this state, one of whom shall be a general contractor or an unlimited contractor licensed to perform automotive glass work under this chapter, one of whom shall be a general contractor or an unlimited contractor licensed to perform flat glass work under this chapter, one of whom shall be an unlimited contractor licensed to perform automotive glass work under this chapter, one of whom shall be an unlimited contractor licensed to perform flat glass work under this chapter, one of whom shall be an unlimited journeyman licensed to perform flat glass work under this chapter and three of whom shall be public members. The initial members appointed under this subsection need not be licensed to perform such work under this chapter before January 1, 2001, provided such initial members shall satisfy the applicable criteria set forth in subsection (e) of section 20-334a. On and after January 1, 2001, each member appointed under this subsection shall be licensed as provided in this subsection.

(h) The contractor and journeymen or elevator craftsmen members of each board established under this section shall be appointed by the Governor from a list of names submitted by employers' and employees' associations in the respective occupations. The Governor may fill any vacancy occurring in the membership of any such board, may remove any member for cause, after notice and hearing, and shall remove any licensed member whose license is not renewed or whose license has become void, revoked or suspended. Each member of such boards shall, before entering upon the duties of such member's office, take the oath provided by law for public officers. Members shall not be compensated for their services but shall be reimbursed for necessary expenses incurred in the performance of their duties.

(February, 1965, P.A. 493, S. 2; 1967, P.A. 789, S. 2; P.A. 77-614, S. 184, 610; Nov. Sp. Sess. P.A. 81-11, S. 11, 19; P.A. 82-404, S. 2, 4; P.A. 85-352; P.A. 86-293; P.A. 87-588, S. 3, 8; P.A. 89-25, S. 1, 3; 89-164, S. 1, 2; P.A. 93-151, S. 2, 4; 93-435, S. 57, 95; P.A. 98-3, S. 24; P.A. 99-73, S. 2; 99-170, S. 2; 99-253, S. 2; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(d); P.A. 04-169, S. 17; 04-189, S. 1; P.A. 06-126, S. 1; P.A. 10-9, S. 8.)

History: 1967 act updated statute to conform with Sec. 20-330 and to provide for appointment of members replacing original members, changed requirement that 4 of members be contractors or journeymen, specified contractor, journeymen or craftsmen members be licensed rather than eligible to be licensed and that such licenses be unlimited and changed date for submitting list of names to governor from July first to May first of year in which appointments are to be made; P.A. 77-614 placed boards within consumer protection department, increased number of members from 5 to 7, deleted member who is not engaged in profession or eligible for license, added 3 public members, deleted provision setting May first date for submission of list of nominees, July first appointment date and six-year terms and deleted provision for biennial election of board officers, effective January 1, 1979; Nov. Sp. Sess. P.A. 81-11 replaced provision whereby members received “only necessary and reasonable expenses” incidental to duties with provision specifying that members receive no compensation but are to be reimbursed for expenses incurred in performing duties; P.A. 82-404 increased membership of elevator installation and maintenance board from 7 to 8, adding one unlimited contractor to the board, and required that at least one of the unlimited contractors be a member of one of two specified professional associations; P.A. 85-352 provided that the electrical examining board shall include a general contractor among its members, increasing the membership from 7 to 8; P.A. 86-293 increased the membership of the heating, piping and cooling board and the plumbing and piping board from 7 to 9 members, required that such boards include a general contractor and increased number of journeymen members from 2 to 3; P.A. 87-588 established the fire protection sprinkler systems board, effective July 1, 1988; P.A. 89-25 removed the requirement that members of the plumbing and piping board, heating, piping and cooling board, electrical board and elevator installation, repair and maintenance board who are required to be licensed for the occupation overseen by the board on which they serve also be engaged in such occupation; P.A. 89-164 reorganized the membership of the electrical, plumbing and piping and heating, piping and cooling boards, effective July 1, 1991; P.A. 93-151 increased the membership of the plumbing and piping work board from 6 members to 12 members by adding a registered well driller, an unlimited journeyman and a public member effective June 14, 1993; P.A. 93-435 substituted reference to registration for reference to licensure of well drilling contractors, effective June 28, 1993; P.A. 98-3 divided section into Subsecs. and made technical changes; P.A. 99-73 divided existing Subsec. (b) into new Subsec. (b) increasing the membership of the Electrical Work Board from 9 to 12 members and specifying their qualifications, and new Subsec. (c) describing the Heating, Piping and Cooling Work Board, relettering the existing Subsecs. accordingly and making technical changes; P.A. 99-170 made gender neutral change, amended Subsec. (a) to add new Subdiv. (6) placing the Automotive Glass Work and Flat Glass Work Examining Board within the department, inserted Subsec. (g) to establish the membership of the Automotive Glass Work and Flat Glass Work Board and relettered the remaining Subsec. accordingly; P.A. 99-253 amended Subsec. (a) to expand jurisdiction of heating, piping and cooling examining board to include sheet metal work, amended Subsec. (b) to delete the reference to the Heating, Piping and Cooling Work Board, creating a new Subsec. (c) re Heating, Piping, Cooling and Sheet Metal Work Board, and relettered the remaining Subsecs. accordingly; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 and P.A. 04-169 replaced Department of Consumer Protection with Department of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-189 repealed Sec. 146 of June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, thereby reversing the merger of the Departments of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective June 1, 2004; P.A. 06-126 amended Subsec. (c) to specify that only members appointed pursuant to Subdivs. (1), (3), (5) and (6) may consider and act upon matters concerning sheet metal work; P.A. 10-9 amended Subsec. (g) by reducing number of board members from 9 to 8 and deleting requirement re board member who is an unlimited journeyman licensed to perform automotive glass work, effective May 5, 2010.

See Sec. 4-9a for definition of “public member”.

See Secs. 21a-6 to 21a-10, inclusive, re control, powers and duties of boards within Department of Consumer Protection.

Cited. 209 C. 719.

Cited. 22 CA 181.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 20-333.

Sec. 20-333. Requirements for licensure. Examinations. Denial or issuance pursuant to consent order. Fees. (a) To obtain a license under this chapter, an applicant shall have attained such applicant's eighteenth birthday and shall furnish such evidence of competency as the appropriate board or the Commissioner of Consumer Protection shall require. A recommendation for review issued pursuant to section 31-22u shall be sufficient to demonstrate such competency. The applicant shall satisfy such board or the commissioner that such applicant possesses a diploma or other evidence of graduation from the eighth grade of grammar school, or possesses an equivalent education to be determined on examination and has the requisite skill to perform the work in the trade for which such applicant is applying for a license and can comply with all other requirements of this chapter and the regulations adopted under this chapter. A recommendation for review issued pursuant to section 31-22u shall be sufficient to demonstrate that an applicant possesses such requisite skill and can comply with all other requirements of this chapter and the regulations adopted under this chapter. For any application submitted pursuant to this section that requires a hearing or other action by the applicable examining board or the commissioner, such hearing or other action by the applicable examining board or the commissioner shall occur not later than thirty days after the date of submission for such application. Upon application for any such license, the applicant shall pay to the department a nonrefundable application fee of ninety dollars for a license under subdivisions (2) and (3) of subsection (a) and subdivision (4) of subsection (e) of section 20-334a, or a nonrefundable application fee of one hundred fifty dollars for a license under subdivision (1) of subsection (a), subdivisions (1) and (2) of subsection (b), subdivision (1) of subsection (c) and subdivisions (1), (2) and (3) of subsection (e) of section 20-334a. Any such application fee shall be waived for persons who present a recommendation for review issued pursuant to section 31-22u.

(b) The department shall conduct such written, oral and practical examinations as the appropriate board, with the consent of the commissioner, deems necessary to test the knowledge of the applicant in the work for which a license is being sought. The department shall allow any applicant, who has not participated in an apprenticeship program but presents a recommendation for review issued pursuant to section 31-22u, to sit for any such examination. Any person completing the required apprentice training program for a journeyman's license under section 20-334a shall, within thirty days following such completion, apply for a licensure examination given by the department. If an applicant does not pass such licensure examination, the commissioner shall provide each failed applicant with information on how to retake the examination and a report describing the applicant's strengths and weaknesses in such examination. Any apprentice permit issued under section 20-334a to an applicant who fails three licensure examinations in any one-year period shall remain in effect if such applicant applies for and takes the first licensure examination given by the department following the one-year period from the date of such applicant's third and last unsuccessful licensure examination. Otherwise, such permit shall be revoked as of the date of the first examination given by the department following expiration of such one-year period.

(c) The Commissioner of Consumer Protection, subject to section 46a-80, may deny a license or may issue a license pursuant to a consent order containing conditions that shall be met by the applicant if the applicant reports that he or she has been found guilty or convicted as a result of an act which constitutes a felony under (1) the laws of this state at the time of application for such license, (2) federal law at the time of application for such license, or (3) the laws of another jurisdiction, and which, if committed within this state, would constitute a felony under the laws of this state.

(d) When an applicant has qualified for a license, the department shall, upon receipt of the license fee or upon waiver of such fee pursuant to section 20-335, issue to such applicant a license entitling such applicant to engage in the work or occupation for which a license was sought and shall register each successful applicant's name and address in the roster of licensed persons authorized to engage in the work or occupation within the appropriate board's authority. All fees and other moneys collected by the department shall be promptly transmitted to the State Treasurer as provided in section 4-32.

(February, 1965, P.A. 493, S. 4; 1967, P.A. 789, S. 4; P.A. 77-614, S. 186, 610; P.A. 81-361, S. 23, 39; P.A. 82-93; 82-419, S. 23, 47; 82-439, S. 2, 7; 82-472, S. 90, 183; P.A. 83-426, S. 2; 83-487, S. 14; P.A. 87-588, S. 4, 8; P.A. 89-251, S. 131, 203; P.A. 94-36, S. 17, 42; P.A. 98-3, S. 26; P.A. 99-170, S. 3; 99-253, S. 3; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(c), (d); P.A. 04-169, S. 17; 04-189, S. 1; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-3, S. 244; P.A. 10-9, S. 11; Oct. Sp. Sess. P.A. 11-1, S. 75; P.A. 14-131, S. 5; P.A. 16-185, S. 32; P.A. 21-152, S. 5.)

History: 1967 act changed technical language of statute, provided examination notice specify time and place of examination and be written, required applicant be 20 years of age and furnish evidence of competency, provided application to board be for license rather than certificate of registration and that stated qualifications apply to applicant for such license rather than for certificate and specified license be issued on receipt of license fee; P.A. 77-614 transferred some powers formerly held by boards to department of consumer protection, including actual conduct of examinations, required consumer protection commissioner's consent for evidence of competency and for content of examinations and referred to regulations established under chapter rather than to regulations of boards, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 81-361 provided that application fees are nonrefundable, eliminated the requirement that applicants take the first examination given after their application and clarified the requirement that fees are payable to the department and not the boards; P.A. 82-93 amended section to reduce age requirement from 20 to 18; P.A. 82-419 changed “certificate” to “license”; P.A. 82-439 divided section into two subsections, set application fee of $25 for solar licenses under Sec. 20-334a and required department of consumer protection to assume responsibilities of boards under Subsec. (a) with respect to solar license applicants, effective October 1, 1983; P.A. 82-472 rephrased several provisions of the section; P.A. 83-426 deleted Subsec. (b), which required department to assume responsibilities of boards under Subsec. (a) with respect to solar license applicants; P.A. 83-487 amended Subsec. (a) to establish a time limit for use of apprentice permits expiring 2 years after the date of first examination for a journeyman's license; P.A. 87-588 required the commissioner of consumer protection to provide each failed applicant with information on how to retake the exam and a report describing the applicant's strengths and weaknesses in such exam, effective July 1, 1988; P.A. 89-251 increased the application fee for licenses under Sec. 20-334a(a)(2) and (3) from $15 to $45 and for other licenses from $25 to $75; P.A. 94-36 eliminated references to biennial licensing and a specific license renewal date, effective January 1, 1995; P.A. 98-3 made technical changes; P.A. 99-170 made gender neutral changes and made the application fees for limited contractor licenses, solar contractor licenses, solar journeyman licenses and fire protection sprinkler contractor licenses nonrefundable; P.A. 99-253 made technical and gender neutral changes and added provision specifying amount of nonrefundable application fee for contractor and journeymen sheet metal work licenses; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 and P.A. 04-169 replaced Commissioner and Department of Consumer Protection with Commissioner and Department of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-189 repealed Sec. 146 of June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, thereby reversing the merger of the Departments of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective June 1, 2004; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-3 increased fees from $45 to $90 and from $75 to $150; P.A. 10-9 deleted provisions re minimum of 4 examinations to be held per year, re 2 additional examinations that applicant may take during 1-year period and re forfeiture of application fee for applicants who fail to appear for 3 successive examinations for which written notice has been sent, effective May 5, 2010; Oct. Sp. Sess. P.A. 11-1 added provision re 30-day deadline for hearing or other action by examining board re application, effective October 27, 2011; P.A. 14-131 added provisions re recommendation for review issued pursuant to Sec. 31-22u and added “or upon waiver of such fee pursuant to section 20-335” re issuance of license; P.A. 16-185 designated existing provisions re obtaining license, conducting examinations and applicant qualified for license as Subsecs. (a) to (c), respectively, and amended Subsec. (a) to delete “, with the consent of” and to add “or the commissioner”, effective July 1, 2016; P.A. 21-152 amended Subsec. (a) by deleting “is of good moral character,”, added new Subsec. (c) re denial of license or issuance pursuant to a consent order and redesignated existing Subsec. (c) as Subsec. (d).

See Sec. 21a-10(b) re staggered schedule of license renewals.

Cited. 3 CA 707.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 20-340.

Sec. 20-340. Exemptions from licensing requirements. The provisions of this chapter shall not apply to: (1) Persons employed by any federal, state or municipal agency; (2) employees of any public service company regulated by the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority or of any corporate affiliate of any such company when the work performed by such affiliate is on behalf of a public service company, but in either case only if the work performed is in connection with the rendition of public utility service, including the installation or maintenance of wire for community antenna television service, or is in connection with the installation or maintenance of wire or telephone sets for single-line telephone service located inside the premises of a consumer; (3) employees of any municipal corporation specially chartered by this state; (4) employees of any contractor while such contractor is performing electrical-line or emergency work for any public service company; (5) persons engaged in the installation, maintenance, repair and service of electrical or other appliances of a size customarily used for domestic use where such installation commences at an outlet receptacle or connection previously installed by persons licensed to do the same and maintenance, repair and service is confined to the appliance itself and its internal operation; (6) employees of industrial firms whose main duties concern the maintenance of the electrical work, plumbing and piping work, solar thermal work, heating, piping, cooling work, sheet metal work, elevator installation, repair and maintenance work, automotive glass work or flat glass work of such firm on its own premises or on premises leased by it for its own use; (7) employees of industrial firms when such employees' main duties concern the fabrication of glass products or electrical, plumbing and piping, fire protection sprinkler systems, solar, heating, piping, cooling, chemical piping, sheet metal or elevator installation, repair and maintenance equipment used in the production of goods sold by industrial firms, except for products, electrical, plumbing and piping systems and repair and maintenance equipment used directly in the production of a product for human consumption; (8) persons performing work necessary to the manufacture or repair of any apparatus, appliances, fixtures, equipment or devices produced by it for sale or lease; (9) employees of stage and theatrical companies performing the operation, installation and maintenance of electrical equipment if such installation commences at an outlet receptacle or connection previously installed by persons licensed to make such installation; (10) employees of carnivals, circuses or similar transient amusement shows who install electrical work, provided such installation shall be subject to the approval of the State Fire Marshal prior to use as otherwise provided by law and shall comply with applicable municipal ordinances and regulations; (11) persons engaged in the installation, maintenance, repair and service of glass or electrical, plumbing, fire protection sprinkler systems, solar, heating, piping, cooling and sheet metal equipment in and about single-family residences owned and occupied or to be occupied by such persons; provided any such installation, maintenance and repair shall be subject to inspection and approval by the building official of the municipality in which such residence is located and shall conform to the requirements of the State Building Code; (12) persons who install, maintain or repair glass in a motor vehicle owned or leased by such persons; (13) persons or entities holding themselves out to be retail sellers of glass products, but not such persons or entities that also engage in automotive glass work or flat glass work; (14) persons who install preglazed or preassembled windows or doors in residential or commercial buildings; (15) persons registered under chapter 400 who install safety-backed mirror products or repair or replace flat glass in sizes not greater than thirty square feet in residential buildings; (16) sheet metal work performed in residential buildings consisting of six units or less by new home construction contractors registered pursuant to chapter 399a, by home improvement contractors registered pursuant to chapter 400 or by persons licensed pursuant to this chapter, when such work is limited to exhaust systems installed for hoods and fans in kitchens and baths, clothes dryer exhaust systems, radon vent systems, fireplaces, fireplace flues, masonry chimneys or prefabricated metal chimneys rated by Underwriters Laboratories or installation of stand-alone appliances including wood, pellet or other stand-alone stoves that are installed in residential buildings by such contractors or persons; (17) employees of or any contractor employed by and under the direction of a properly licensed solar contractor, performing work limited to the hoisting, placement and anchoring of solar collectors, photovoltaic panels, towers or turbines; (18) persons performing swimming pool maintenance and repair work authorized pursuant to section 20-417aa; and (19) any employee of the Connecticut Airport Authority covered by a state collective bargaining agreement.

(February, 1965, P.A. 493, S. 9; 1967, P.A. 199, S. 1; 789, S. 12; 1972, P.A. 7; P.A. 75-464; 75-486, S. 1, 52, 69; P.A. 77-614, S. 162, 610; P.A. 80-482, S. 176, 348; P.A. 82-439, S. 5, 7; P.A. 83-426, S. 5; P.A. 87-588, S. 6, 8; P.A. 88-178, S. 1, 3; P.A. 96-21, S. 1, 3; P.A. 98-3, S. 34; P.A. 99-170, S. 5; 99-253, S. 6; P.A. 03-59, S. 1; 03-83, S. 3; 03-261, S. 2; P.A. 05-88, S. 2; 05-211, S. 4; P.A. 07-242, S. 48; P.A. 08-44, S. 2; P.A. 11-80, S. 1; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-2, S. 62; P.A. 14-199, S. 10.)

History: 1967 acts updated statute to conform with Sec. 20-330, substituted title public service company for public utilities, added as exemption corporate affiliates of public service companies and added exemptions for employees of municipal corporations, employees of contractors performing work subject to government inspection, persons performing electrical work in connection with domestic use, persons manufacturing or repairing mechanisms produced for sale or lease, employees of stage and theatrical companies doing electrical work and employees of carnivals, circuses, etc. doing electrical work; 1972 act provided exemption for persons doing electrical work in single-family residences; P.A. 75-464 amended Subdiv. (4) to specify “electrical-line or emergency” work and to delete reference to work “subject to inspection by any federal, state or municipal agency or corporation other than a municipal building department”; P.A. 75-486 replaced public utilities commission with public utilities control authority; P.A. 77-614 replaced public utilities control authority with division of public utility control within the department of business regulation, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 80-482 made division of public utility control an independent department and deleted reference to abolished department of business regulation; P.A. 82-439 applied exemptions under Subdivs. (6), (7) and (11) to solar work, effective April 1, 1984; P.A. 83-426 changed effective date of P.A. 82-439 with respect to this section from April 1, 1984, to July 1, 1984; P.A. 87-588 amended Subdivs. (7) and (11) by extending the provisions of said Subdivs. to fire protection sprinkler systems, effective July 1, 1988; P.A. 88-178 amended Subdiv. (2) to expand the exemption to include the installation and maintenance of single-line telephone equipment; P.A. 96-21 added reference to installation or maintenance of wire for community antenna television service in Subdiv. (2), effective April 29, 1996; P.A. 98-3 made technical changes; P.A. 99-170 amended Subdiv. (6) to exempt employees of industrial firms primarily involved in maintaining automotive glass work or flat glass work, amended Subdiv. (7) to exempt the fabrication of glass products, amended Subdiv. (11) to exempt persons engaged in installing, maintaining, repairing and servicing glass equipment in and about single-family residences and added new Subdivs. (12) to (15) to exempt automotive glass workers who perform such work on vehicles owned or leased by such persons, retail sellers of glass products, installers of preglazed or preassembled windows or doors for residential or commercial buildings and registered home improvement contractors who install safety-backed mirror products or repair or replace flat glass of less than 30 square feet in size in residential buildings; P.A. 99-253 amended Subdivs. (6), (7) and (11) to replace references to heating, piping and cooling with references to heating, piping, cooling and sheet metal; P.A. 03-59 added Subdiv. (16) re exemptions for sheet metal work performed in residential buildings of six units or less by new home construction contractors, home improvement contractors and new home construction contractors, subject to certain limitations; P.A. 03-83 amended Subdiv. (7) to specify that fabrication of products, electrical, plumbing and piping systems and repair and maintenance equipment used directly in the production of a product for human consumption are not exempt from the provisions of Ch. 393; P.A. 03-261 amended Subdiv. (7) to specify that provisions thereof apply to employees of industrial firms when such employees' main duties are concerned with specified activities; P.A. 05-88 amended Subdiv. (7) to include chemical piping; P.A. 05-211 amended Subdiv. (6) to change “solar work” to “solar thermal work”; P.A. 07-242 added Subdiv. (17) re solar contractors, effective June 4, 2007; P.A. 08-44 added Subdiv. (18) re exemption for persons performing swimming pool maintenance and repair work, effective May 7, 2008; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Department of Public Utility Control” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Public Utilities Regulatory Authority” in Subdiv. (2), effective July 1, 2011; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-2 made a technical change in Subdiv. (16); P.A. 14-199 added Subdiv. (19) re any employee of the Connecticut Airport Authority covered by a state collective bargaining agreement, effective June 12, 2014.

Hospital not “industrial firm” within meaning of Subdiv. (6); such broad application of exemption would be contrary to remedial purpose of licensing statutes. 243 C. 709.

Subdiv. (1): Does not provide exemption for independent contractors. 12 CA 251. Subdiv. (2): Gas companies' service employees are not exempt from licensing requirements of chapter; “public utility service” used in statutory sense does not include repair and maintenance of gas appliances. 43 CA 196.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 21-71.

Sec. 21-71. Revocation, suspension, refusal to renew or placement of conditions on license for violation. Fine. Independent inspection report. Remedies available to residents. Order to discontinue or remediate violation. Fine for failure to comply after reinspection. (a) The department may revoke, suspend, place conditions on or refuse to renew any license to operate a mobile manufactured home park for a violation of any provision of this chapter or any regulations issued hereunder or any other state or local law or regulation, after hearing, except that if the department upon investigation finds a licensee is not providing adequate sewerage facilities, electrical, plumbing or sanitary services, water supply or fire protection, suspension of the license shall be automatic, provided such licensee shall be entitled to a hearing before the department not later than thirty days after such suspension. A license may be reinstated or reissued if the circumstances leading to the violation have been remedied and the park is being maintained and operated in full compliance with this chapter and the regulations hereunder. Each officer, board, commission or department of the state or any local government shall assist the department with technical data on sewerage facilities, electrical, plumbing or sanitary services, water supply or fire protection and shall submit such data to the department for the department's use in any hearing held pursuant to this section. In addition to revoking, suspending, placing conditions on, or refusing to renew any license to operate a mobile manufactured home park, the department may, following an administrative hearing, impose a fine of not less than fifty nor more than three hundred dollars for each day that such violation exists. In connection with any investigation the Commissioner of Consumer Protection or the commissioner's authorized agent may administer oaths, issue subpoenas, compel testimony and order the production of books, records and documents. Each owner shall retain all leases, disclosure statements, rules and regulations required under this chapter for at least four years after any resident to whom they relate vacates the park.

(b) (1) If an inspection by the department reveals a violation of any provision of this chapter or any regulation issued under this chapter, the cost of all reinspections necessary to determine compliance with any such provision shall be assumed by the owner, except that if a first reinspection indicates compliance with such provision, no charge shall be made.

(2) As part of an inspection or investigation, the department may order an owner of a mobile manufactured home park to obtain an independent inspection report, at the sole cost of the owner, that assesses the condition and potential public health impact of a condition at the park, including, but not limited to, the condition of trees and electrical, plumbing or sanitary systems.

(3) (A) In ordering an owner of a mobile manufactured home park to obtain an independent inspection report under this subsection, the department may require (i) the person completing such report to have training or be licensed in a particular area related to the ordered inspection, and (ii) that such report specifically address particular areas of, or issues affecting, the park that are of concern to the department.

(B) In the event that the department requires the person completing an independent inspection report under this subsection to have training or be licensed in a particular area, the department shall include such requirement in the first order the department issues to the mobile manufactured home park owner requiring such report.

(C) The mobile manufactured home park owner shall submit proof of compliance with the provisions of this subdivision at the time the owner submits to the department the independent inspection report required under this subsection.

(4) If the department orders a mobile manufactured home park owner to obtain an independent inspection report as part of the owner's application for a license, or for renewal of a license, to operate a mobile manufactured home park, the department shall issue such order to such owner at the electronic mail address such owner most recently provided to the department in such owner's application. Such order shall provide a description of the condition or conditions that require further assessment by such owner.

(5) A mobile manufactured home park owner shall obtain and submit to the department an independent inspection report required under this subsection not later than thirty days after the department issued the order requiring such report or a later date approved, in writing, by the commissioner or the commissioner's designee.

(6) Each independent inspection report required under this subsection shall include (A) an assessment of (i) all conditions outlined in the department's order requiring such report that impact public health and safety for the purpose of assessing the risk that such conditions pose to public health and safety, and (ii) the severity of the conditions described in subparagraph (A)(i) of this subdivision, and (B) a detailed plan of action to remedy each condition described in subparagraph (A)(i) of this subdivision.

(7) Not later than ten days after a mobile manufactured home park owner receives an independent inspection report required under this subsection, the mobile manufactured home park owner shall provide to the department, in writing, a detailed plan to remedy the assessed condition, which plan shall include, at a minimum, a specific timeline, proposed contractors and a budget.

(c) In addition to any other available remedies, the provisions of section 47a-14h shall be available to all residents in a mobile manufactured home park including residents who own their own units.

(d) The department may issue an order to any owner determined to be in violation of any provision of this chapter or any regulation issued under this section after an inspection of a mobile manufactured home park, providing for the immediate discontinuance of the violation or timely remediation of such violation. Any owner of a mobile manufactured home park who fails to comply with any orders contained in a notice of violation resulting from a reinspection of such park not later than thirty days after issuance of such notice, including confirmation of active licensure, shall be fined five hundred dollars per violation and shall follow the procedures specified in section 51-164n.

(1972, P.A. 186, S. 8; P.A. 74-37; P.A. 77-460; 77-614, S. 249, 610; P.A. 81-322, S. 3; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-3, S. 9; P.A. 84-83, S. 4, 10; P.A. 90-242, S. 1, 5; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(c); P.A. 04-189, S. 1; P.A. 21-37, S. 31; P.A. 22-70, S. 8; P.A. 24-142, S. 13.)

History: P.A. 74-37 provided for state and local assistance with technical data for the commission; P.A. 77-460 provided for imposition of fine between $50 and $300 for each day of violation in addition to revocation of permit or license; P.A. 77-614 deleted reference to Sec. 20-321 in connection with hearing, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 81-322 added powers to suspend or refuse to renew permits or licenses; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-3 changed references to real estate commission to department of consumer protection, changed “mobile home” to “mobile manufactured home”, deleted references to park permittees and specified the powers of the commissioner of consumer protection in connection with investigations, the act also required park owners to retain records for at least four years and to pay the cost of reinspections by the department in some instances; P.A. 84-83 changed references to Secs. 21-64 to 21-75, inclusive, to “this chapter or any regulation issued hereunder”; P.A. 90-242 added Subsec. (b) re the availability to all residents of the remedies provided by Sec. 47a-14h; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 replaced Commissioner of Consumer Protection with Commissioner of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-189 repealed Sec. 146 of June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, thereby reversing the merger of the Departments of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective June 1, 2004; P.A. 21-37 amended Subsec. (a) by adding references to placing conditions, changing 5 to 30 days after suspension, adding reference to administrative hearing, deleting provision re order to discontinue violation and redesignating a portion of existing Subsec. (a) as new Subsec. (b), amended new Subsec. (b) to add provision re ordering independent inspection report and made technical changes, redesignated existing Subsec. (b) as Subsec. (c) and added Subsec. (d) re order to discontinue or remediate violation and $500 fine for failure to comply after reinspection, effective June 4, 2021; P.A. 22-70 made a technical change in Subsec. (d); P.A. 24-142 amended Subsec. (a) by designating existing provisions as Subdivs. (1) and (2), making a technical change in Subdiv. (2) and adding Subdivs. (3) to (7) re qualifications of person conducting independent inspection report, areas or issues of concern to be addressed in report, manner in which order for report is issued, deadline for submission of report, contents of report and plan to remedy condition assessed in report, effective June 6, 2024.

Cited. 178 C. 586; 208 C. 620.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 21-73.

Sec. 21-73. Collection of rents prohibited after suspension or revocation of permit or license. Management fee. (a) Upon the suspension or revocation of a license or the refusal to renew a license, pursuant to section 21-71, the licensee shall be prohibited from collecting any rents or other consideration until the license is reinstated or reissued. In the event of such suspension, revocation or refusal to renew a license, the department may apply to the Superior Court for a receivership to carry on the management of the park with the costs of the receivership assessed against the owner.

(b) Upon the automatic suspension of a license for failure to supply adequate sewerage, electrical, plumbing or sanitary services, water supply or fire protection the department may: (1) Collect such rents or other consideration and use the proceeds to provide any necessary services or; (2) apply to the Superior Court for a receivership to carry on the management of the park with the costs of the receivership assessed against the owner.

(c) The department shall charge the licensee a fee of ten per cent of all rental payments collected to cover the cost of collection of rents and use of proceeds.

(d) If the Commissioner of Consumer Protection finds that conditions constituting a threat to the health or safety of residents exist within a mobile manufactured home park, the commissioner may require the owner to post a bond in such form and amount as the commissioner shall require, which shall run to the state for the use of the state in the event the owner is unable to remedy such conditions.

(1972, P.A. 186, S. 10; P.A. 81-322, S. 4; P.A. 82-162, S. 2; 82-372, S. 1; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-3, S. 11; P.A. 84-83, S. 5, 10; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(c); P.A. 04-189, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 81-322 added reference to refusal to renew a permit or license; P.A. 82-162 added reference to reinstatement or reissuance of permits; P.A. 82-372 added Subsec. (b) requiring the real estate commission to assess a management fee to cover cost of collecting rents and using proceeds to provide essential services in the event permit or license is suspended; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-3 deleted references to park permits, changed references to commission to department and added provisions allowing department to apply for receivership and to require posting of a bond by park owners; P.A. 84-83 provided that the department of consumer protection may apply for a receivership to manage a park when the licensee has had his license suspended or revoked, with the cost of the receivership assessed against the licensee; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 replaced Commissioner of Consumer Protection with Commissioner of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-189 repealed Sec. 146 of June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, thereby reversing the merger of the Departments of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective June 1, 2004.

Cited. 178 C. 586; 208 C. 620.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 23-53.

Sec. 23-53. Northeastern Interstate Forest Fire Protection Compact. The Governor on behalf of this state is authorized to enter into a compact, substantially in the following form, with any one or more of the states of Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island and Vermont and with such other states of the United States or provinces of the Dominion of Canada as may legally join therein:

NORTHEASTERN INTERSTATE FOREST FIRE PROTECTION COMPACT

ARTICLE I

The purpose of this compact is to promote effective prevention and control of forest fires in the northeastern region of the United States and adjacent areas in Canada by the development of integrated forest fire plans, by the maintenance of adequate forest fire fighting services by the member states, by providing for mutual aid in fighting forest fires among the states of the region and for procedures that will facilitate such aid, and by the establishment of a central agency to coordinate the services of member states and perform such common services as member states may deem desirable.

ARTICLE II

This agreement shall become operative immediately as to those states ratifying it whenever any two or more of the states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts have ratified it and the Congress has given its consent. Any state not mentioned in this article which is contiguous with any member state may become a party to this compact. Subject to the consent of the Congress of the United States, any province of the Dominion of Canada which is contiguous with any member state may become a party to this compact by taking such action as its laws and the laws of the Dominion of Canada may prescribe for ratification. In this event, the term “state” in this compact shall include within its meaning the term “province” and the procedures prescribed shall be applied in the instance of such provinces, in accordance with the forms and practices of the Canadian government.

ARTICLE III

Each state joining herein shall appoint three representatives to a commission hereby designated as the Northeastern Forest Fire Protection Commission. One shall be the state forester or officer holding an equivalent position in such state who is responsible for forest fire control. The second shall be a member of the legislature of such state designated by the commission or committee on interstate cooperation of such state, or if there be none, or if said commission on interstate cooperation cannot constitutionally designate the said member, such legislator shall be designated by the governor thereof; provided that if it is constitutionally impossible to appoint a legislator as a commissioner from such state, the second member shall be appointed by the governor of said state in his discretion. The third member shall be a person designated by the governor as the responsible representative of the governor. In the event that any province of the Dominion of Canada shall become a member of this commission, it shall designate three members who will approximate this pattern of representation to the extent possible under the law and practices of such province. This commission shall be a body corporate with the powers and duties set forth herein.

ARTICLE IV

It shall be the duty of the commission to make inquiry and ascertain from time to time such methods, practices, circumstances and conditions as may be disclosed for bringing about the prevention and control of forest fires in the area comprising the member states, to coordinate the forest fire plans and the work of the appropriate agencies of the member states and to facilitate the rendering of aid by the member states to each other in fighting forest fires.

The commission shall formulate and, in accordance with need, from time to time, revise a regional forest fire plan for the entire region covered by the compact which shall serve as a common forest fire plan for that area.

The commission shall, more than one month prior to any regular meeting of the legislature in any signatory state, present to the governor and to the legislature of the state its recommendations relating to enactments to be made by the legislature of that state in furthering the interests and purposes of this compact.

The commission shall consult with and advise the appropriate administrative agencies of the states party hereto with regard to problems connected with the prevention and control of forest fires and recommend the adoption of such regulations as it deems advisable.

The commission shall have power to recommend to the signatory states any and all measures that will effectuate the prevention and control of forest fires.

ARTICLE V

Any two or more member states may designate the Northeastern Forest Fire Protection Commission as a joint agency to maintain such common services as those states deem desirable for the prevention and control of forest fires. Except in those cases where all member states join in such designation for common services, the representatives of any group of such designating states in the Northeastern Forest Fire Protection Commission shall constitute a separate section of such commission for the performance of the common service or services so designated provided that, if any additional expense is involved, the state so acting shall appropriate the necessary funds for this purpose. The creation of such a section as a joint agency shall not affect the privileges, powers, responsibilities or duties of the states participating therein as embodied in the other articles of this compact.

ARTICLE VI

The commission may request the United States Forest Service to act as the primary research and coordinating agency of the Northeastern Forest Fire Protection Commission, in cooperation with the appropriate agencies in each state and the United States Forest Service may accept the initial responsibility in preparing and presenting to the commission its recommendations with respect to the regional fire plan. Representatives of the United States Forest Service may attend meetings of the commission and of groups of member states.

ARTICLE VII

The commission shall annually elect from its members a chairman and a vice-chairman. The commission shall appoint such officers or employees as may be required to carry the provisions of this compact into effect, shall fix and determine their duties, qualifications and compensation, and may at its pleasure, remove or discharge any such officer or employee. The commission shall adopt rules and regulations for the conduct of its business. It may establish and maintain one or more offices for the transaction of its business and may meet at any time or place but must meet at least once a year.

A majority of the members of the commission representing a majority of the signatory states shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of its general business, but no action of the commission imposing any obligation on any signatory state shall be binding unless a majority of the members from such signatory state shall have voted in favor thereof. For the purpose of conducting its general business, voting shall be by state units.

The representatives of any two or more member states, upon notice to the chairman as to the time and purpose of the meeting, may meet as a section for the discussion of problems common to those states.

Sections established by groups of member states shall have the same powers with respect to officers, employees and the maintenance of offices as are granted by this article to the commission. Sections may adopt such rules, regulations and procedures as may be necessary for the conduct of their business.

ARTICLE VIII

It shall be the duty of each member state to formulate and put in effect a forest fire plan for that state and to take such measures as may be recommended by the commission to integrate such forest fire plan with regional forest fire plan.

Whenever the state forest fire control agency of a member state requests aid from the state forest fire control agency of any other member state in combating, controlling or preventing forest fires, it shall be the duty of the state forest fire control agency of that state to render all possible aid to the requesting agency which is consonant with the maintenance of protection at home.

Each signatory state agrees to render aid to the Forest Service or other agencies of the government of the United States in combating, controlling or preventing forest fires in areas under their jurisdiction located within the member state or a contiguous member state.

ARTICLE IX

Whenever the forces of any member state are rendering outside aid pursuant to the request of another member state under this compact, the employees of such state shall, under the direction of the officers of the state to which they are rendering aid, have the same powers (except the power of arrest), duties, rights, privileges and immunities as comparable employees of the state to which they are rendering aid.

No member state or its officers or employees rendering outside aid pursuant to this compact shall be liable on account of any act or omission on the part of such forces while so engaged, or on account of the maintenance or use of any equipment or supplies in connection therewith.

All liability that may arise either under the laws of the requesting state or under the laws of the aiding state or under the laws of a third state on account of or in connection with a request for aid, shall be assumed and borne by the requesting state.

Any member state rendering outside aid pursuant to this compact shall be reimbursed by the member state receiving such aid for any loss or damage to, or expense incurred in the operation of any equipment answering a request for aid, and for the cost of all materials, transportation, wages, salaries, and maintenance of employees and equipment incurred in connection with such request. Provided, that nothing herein contained shall prevent any assisting member state from assuming such loss, damage, expense or other cost or from loaning such equipment or from donating such services to the receiving member state without charge or cost.

Each member state shall provide for the payment of compensation and death benefits to injured employees and the representatives of deceased employees in case employees sustain injuries or are killed while rendering outside aid pursuant to this compact, in the same manner and on the same terms as if the injury or death were sustained within such state.

For the purposes of this compact the term employee shall include any volunteer or auxiliary legally included within the forest fire fighting forces of the aiding state under the laws thereof.

The commission shall formulate procedures for claims and reimbursement under the provisions of this article.

Aid by a member state to an area subject to federal jurisdiction beyond the borders of such state shall not be required under this compact unless substantially the same provisions of this article relative to powers, liabilities, losses and expenses in connection with such aid are embodied in federal laws.

The provisions of this article that relate to mutual aid in combating, controlling or preventing forest fires shall be applicable to the provision of such aid by any state that is party to this compact and any other state that is party to a regional forest fire protection compact in another region, provided the legislature of such other state assents to the mutual aid provisions of this compact.

ARTICLE X

When appropriations for the support of this commission or for the support of common services maintained by the commission or a section thereof under the provisions of article V are necessary, the commission or a section thereof shall allocate the costs among the states affected with consideration of the amounts of forested land in those states that will receive protection from the service to be rendered and the extent of the forest fire problem involved in each state, and shall submit its recommendations accordingly to the legislatures of the affected states.

The commission shall submit to the governor of each state, at such time as he may request, a budget of its estimated expenditures for such period as may be required by the laws of such state for presentation to the legislature thereof.

The commission shall keep accurate books of account, showing in full its receipts and disbursements, and said books of account shall be open at any reasonable time to the inspection of such representatives of the respective signatory states as may be duly constituted for that purpose.

On or before the first day of December of each year, the commission shall submit to the respective governors of the signatory states a full and complete report of its activities for the preceding year.

ARTICLE XI

The representatives from any member state may appoint and consult with an advisory committee composed of persons interested in forest fire protection.

The commission may appoint and consult with an advisory committee of representatives of all affected groups, private and governmental.

ARTICLE XII

The commission may accept any and all donations, gifts and grants of money, equipment, supplies, materials and services from the federal or any local government, or any agency thereof and from any person, firm or corporation, for any of its purposes and functions under this compact, and may receive and utilize the same subject to the terms, conditions and regulations governing such donations, gifts and grants.

ARTICLE XIII

Nothing in this compact shall be construed to authorize or permit any member state to curtail or diminish its forest fire fighting forces, equipment, services or facilities, and it shall be the duty and responsibility of each member state to maintain adequate forest fire fighting forces and equipment to meet normal demands for forest fire protection within its borders.

Nothing in this compact shall be construed to limit or restrict the powers of any state ratifying the same to provide for the prevention, control and extinguishment of forest fires, or to prohibit the enactment or enforcement of state laws, rules or regulations intended to aid in such prevention, control and extinguishment in such state.

Nothing in this compact shall be construed to affect any existing or future cooperative relationship or arrangement between the United States Forest Service and a member state or states.

ARTICLE XIV

This compact shall continue in force and remain binding on each state ratifying it until the legislature or the governor of such state takes action to withdraw therefrom. Such action shall not be effective until six months after notice thereof has been sent by the chief executive of the state desiring to withdraw to the chief executives of all states then parties to the compact.

(1949, S. 1942d; P.A. 22-143, S. 6.)

History: P.A. 22-143 amended Article IX to add provision re applicability of mutual aid provisions of the compact by any state that is a party to the compact and any other state that is a party to a regional forest fire protection compact in another region provided the legislature of such other state assents to the mutual aid provisions of the instant compact, effective May 31, 2022.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 23-54.

Sec. 23-54. Appointment of commissioners. There shall be three members, hereinafter called commissioners, of the Northeastern Forest Fire Protection Commission, appointed by the Governor. One of such commissioners shall be the State Forest Fire Warden, the second shall be a member of the legislature who is also a member of the Commission on Intergovernmental Cooperation, designated by said commission, and the third shall be a citizen of the state designated by the Governor as his responsible representative to serve at the pleasure of the Governor. The commissioners so appointed shall be paid no compensation. They shall be reimbursed for necessary expense incurred in the performance of their duties.

(1949, S. 1944d, 1945d.)

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 23-69.

Sec. 23-69. Uses of Appalachian National Scenic Trail and land. As ordered in Public Law 90-543, the Appalachian National Scenic Trail shall be held, developed and administered primarily as a footpath and the natural scenic beauty thereof shall be preserved insofar as it is practicable; provided that other uses of the trail and lands acquired hereunder may be permitted, by the owner of adjoining lands or other, in such manner and in such seasons as will not substantially interfere with the primary use of the trail. Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the right of the public to pass over existing public roads which are or may become part of the trail, nor prevent the department from performing such work as is necessary for the purpose of forest fire protection, insect, pest and disease control.

(1971, P.A. 638, S. 4.)

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 23-72

Sec. 23-72a. New England National Scenic Trail. Preservation of trail as state policy. Acquisition of land. Transfer of land from other agencies. Use of trail and land. Maintenance agreements. Liability of grantor of right-of-way. Use of funds. (a) It is declared to be the policy of the state of Connecticut that the Connecticut portion of the New England National Scenic Trail be preserved in its natural character as proposed by Public Law 111-11, March 30, 2009.

(b) The Department of Energy and Environmental Protection is hereby authorized by purchase, gift or otherwise to acquire such land, including, but not limited to, rights-of-way and easements for the purpose of protecting or enhancing scenic beauty, as may be deemed necessary to establish, protect and maintain the portion of the New England National Scenic Trail between Long Island Sound and the Massachusetts state line after considering the recommendations of the Metacomet Monadnock Mattabesett Trail System National Scenic Trail Feasibility Study and Environmental Assessment prepared by the National Park Service, dated Spring 2006.

(c) Any department or agency of the state or of any political subdivision may transfer to the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection lands or rights in land for such purposes on such terms and conditions as may be agreed upon, or may enter into an agreement with the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection providing for the establishment and protection of said trail.

(d) As ordered in Public Law 111-11, the New England National Scenic Trail shall be held, developed and administered primarily as a footpath after consideration of the actions outlined in the Trail Management Blueprint as the framework for the management and administration of said trail; provided other uses of the trail and lands acquired hereunder may be permitted, by the owner of adjoining lands or other, in such manner and in such seasons as will not substantially interfere with the primary use of the trail. Nothing in this section shall be construed to limit the right of the public to pass over existing public roads which are or may become part of the trail, nor prevent the department from performing such work as is necessary for the purpose of forest fire protection, insect, pest and disease control.

(e) As stated in Public Law 111-11, the commissioner may enter into cooperative agreements with agencies of the federal government or with private organizations to provide for the maintenance of the trail.

(f) No person who has granted a right-of-way for said trail across his or her land, or his or her successor in title, shall be liable to any user of the trail for injuries suffered on said right-of-way unless the injuries are caused by his or her wilful or wanton misconduct as described in sections 52-557f to 52-557i, inclusive.

(g) The Department of Energy and Environmental Protection is hereby authorized to use any department funds which may become available to carry out the provisions of this section. Any available funds from the United States Land and Water Conservation Fund or other federal assistance programs may also be used to accomplish this purpose.

(P.A. 13-231, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 13-231 effective June 24, 2013.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 29-136.

Sec. 29-136. Investigation and inspection. Reporting of serious injury or death. Signs required. Alternate compliance. Regulations. (a) Upon receipt of an application for an amusement license, the Commissioner of Consumer Protection or the commissioner's designee shall investigate and, in accordance with the frequency schedule adopted in regulations by the commissioner pursuant to subsection (e) of this section, inspect in full the location, equipment, paraphernalia, mechanical amusement rides and devices in respect to such amusement and all other matters relating thereto and shall determine whether or not such amusement will be reasonably safe for public attendance and may make reasonable orders concerning alterations, additions or betterments to the equipment, paraphernalia, mechanical amusement rides and devices, and concerning the character and arrangement of the seating, means of egress, lighting, fire-fighting appliances, fire and police protection and such other provisions as shall make the amusement reasonably safe against both fire and casualty hazards.

(b) When any serious physical injury, as defined in subdivision (4) of section 53a-3, or death occurs in connection with the operation of any amusement ride or device, the owner of such ride or device shall, within four hours after such occurrence, report the injury or death to the commissioner or the commissioner's designee. Not later than four hours after receipt of any such report, the commissioner or the commissioner's designee shall cause an investigation of the occurrence and an inspection of the ride or device to determine the cause of such serious physical injury or death. The commissioner or the commissioner's designee may enter into any place or upon any premises so licensed in furtherance of such investigation and inspection. Unless otherwise authorized by the commissioner, no amusement ride or device subject to the provisions of this chapter may be operated or altered nor shall it be removed from the location where such injury or death occurred for seventy-two hours after the time of the receipt of the report.

(c) The owner of an amusement ride or device shall display signs, in accordance with the patron safety regulations adopted by the commissioner pursuant to subsection (e) of this section, on which is written, at a minimum, the following statement, in letters at least two inches in height: “State law requires patrons to obey all posted signs, warnings and instructions and to behave in a manner that will not cause or contribute to the injury of themselves or others. Injured patrons or their adult guardians must report all injuries to management before leaving. Disorderly conduct is punishable by up to a five-hundred-dollar fine and up to three months imprisonment.”. Such signs shall be posted in accordance with the patron safety regulations adopted by the commissioner pursuant to subsection (e) of this section and at any station for reporting an injury, any first aid station and either (1) the entrance or exit to or from the premises designated for patrons, or (2) any area or structure where patrons may purchase admission or receive authorization to use an amusement ride or device.

(d) The Commissioner of Consumer Protection may grant variations from, or approve equivalent or alternate compliance with, particular provisions of this section or any regulation adopted under the provisions of subsection (e) of this section where strict compliance with such provisions would result in exceptional practical difficulty or undue hardship, provided any such variation or approved equivalent or alternate compliance shall, in the opinion of the Commissioner of Consumer Protection, secure the public safety.

(e) The commissioner shall adopt regulations in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54 to carry out the provisions of this section.

(1949 Rev., S. 3722; 1961, P.A. 181; P.A. 85-101; P.A. 90-9, S. 1, 2; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 98-1, S. 57, 121; P.A. 06-42, S. 2; P.A. 07-246, S. 6; P.A. 11-51, S. 174.)

History: 1961 act added mechanical amusement rides and authorized issuance of orders for fire protection; P.A. 85-101 added Subsecs. (b) and (c) requiring owners of amusement rides or devices to report any serious physical injury or death occurring in connection with the operation of any ride or device and permitting the commissioner to adopt regulations to carry out the provisions of section; P.A. 90-9 amended Subsec. (b) to require owner of ride or device to report an injury or death within 4 hours thereafter, instead of within 24 hours, and to prohibit operation, alteration or removal of ride or device for 72 hours after receipt of report in lieu of 24 hours thereafter; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 98-1 made technical changes in Subsec. (a), effective June 24, 1998; P.A. 06-42 inserted “or the commissioner's designee” in Subsec. (a), made technical changes in Subsecs. (a) and (b), added new Subsec. (c) re variations and alternate compliance, and redesignated existing Subsec. (c) as Subsec. (d); P.A. 07-246 amended Subsec. (a) to add provision requiring inspections in accordance with schedule adopted in regulations, added new Subsec. (c) re display of signs, redesignated existing Subsecs. (c) and (d) as Subsecs. (d) and (e) and amended Subsec. (e) to make adoption of regulations mandatory; pursuant to P.A. 11-51, “Commissioner of Public Safety” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Consumer Protection”, effective July 1, 2011.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 29-140.

Sec. 29-140. Regulations. The commissioner shall make and enforce, and from time to time may amend, reasonable regulations for the prevention or abatement of fire and casualty hazards incident to the assembly of one hundred or more persons in tents, air-supported plastic or fabric or other portable shelters, which regulations shall deal in particular with the character and arrangement of seating, means of egress, fire fighting appliances, fire and police protection, smoking on the premises, lighting and other safety measures for the prevention or abatement of fire, casualty and related hazards.

(1949 Rev., S. 3723; 1955, S. 2019d; 1961, P.A. 28, S. 2.)

History: 1961 act provided power to make regulations applicable to case where 100 or more persons assemble in tents, plastic, fabric or other shelters, and included dealing with fire protection and specific hazards of fire, casualty and related hazards.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 29-251.

Sec. 29-251. (Formerly Sec. 19-395f). Codes and Standards Committee; duties; membership. There shall be within the Department of Administrative Services a Codes and Standards Committee whose duty it shall be to work with the State Building Inspector in the enforcement of this part and the State Fire Marshal in the enforcement of part II of this chapter as set forth in this section. The committee shall be composed of twenty-three members, residents of the state, appointed by the Commissioner of Administrative Services as follows: (1) Two shall be architects licensed in the state of Connecticut; (2) three shall be professional engineers licensed in the state of Connecticut, two of whom shall practice either structural, mechanical or electrical engineering but in no event shall both of such members represent the same specialty, and one of whom shall be a practicing fire protection engineer or mechanical engineer with extensive experience in fire protection; (3) four shall be builders, remodelers or superintendents of construction, one of whom shall have expertise in single-family detached residential construction, one of whom shall have expertise in multifamily residential construction, one of whom shall have expertise in residential remodeling and one of whom shall have expertise in commercial construction; (4) one shall be a public health official; (5) two shall be building officials; (6) two shall be local fire marshals; (7) one shall be a Connecticut member of a national building trades labor organization; (8) one shall have expertise in matters relating to energy efficiency; (9) four shall be public members, one of whom shall have expertise in matters relating to accessibility and use of facilities by persons with physical disabilities; (10) one shall be a contractor licensed to perform electrical work or a member of a state-wide electrical trades labor organization; (11) one shall be a contractor licensed to perform plumbing and piping work or a member of a state-wide plumbing trades labor organization; and (12) one shall be a contractor licensed to perform heating, piping and cooling work or a member of a state-wide heating and cooling trades labor organization. Each member, other than the public members, shall have had not less than ten years' practical experience in such member's profession or business. The committee shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, governing the procedure of the committee. Members who fail to attend three consecutive meetings or fifty per cent of all meetings during a calendar year shall be deemed to have resigned. The committee may, within the limits of appropriations provided therefor, employ such assistants as may be necessary to conduct its business.

(1969, P.A. 443, S. 2; P.A. 77-614, S. 496, 610; P.A. 78-303, S. 17, 136; P.A. 79-560, S. 6, 39; P.A. 80-483, S. 81, 186; P.A. 82-432, S. 5, 19; P.A. 87-51; 87-108; P.A. 88-137; P.A. 89-144, S. 12; P.A. 97-308, S. 4; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 98-1, S. 58, 121; P.A. 09-192, S. 2; P.A. 11-51, S. 90; P.A. 13-146, S. 1; 13-247, S. 200; P.A. 17-96, S. 24; P.A. 24-71, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 77-614 replaced department and commissioner of public works with department and commissioner of public safety, deleted provision re appointment for three-year terms, reduced architect, engineer and builder membership by one representative in each category and held these memberships for public members and deleted provision re committee's election of chairman, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 78-303 replaced department and commissioner of public works with department and commissioner of administrative services for period between June 6, 1978 and January 1, 1979; P.A. 79-560 cleared confusion re power to appoint members by deleting reference to appointments by state fire marshal and specified that engineer members practice one of listed specialties but prohibited both from practicing same specialty; P.A. 80-483 made technical changes; P.A. 82-432 changed committee name from “state building code standards” to “codes and standards” committee, increased membership from 9 to 14, adding one professional engineer, one building official, one public member and two local fire marshals, required that one engineer member be a practicing fire protection engineer and specified when failure to attend meeting is deemed to be resignation; Sec. 19-395f transferred to Sec. 29-251 in 1983; P.A. 87-51 required the committee to work with the state fire marshal in enforcing part II of this chapter and permitted the appointment of a mechanical engineer with experience in fire protection; P.A. 87-108 increased membership of codes and standards committee from 14 to 15, adding one public member who shall have expertise in handicapped accessibility matters; P.A. 88-137 increased membership from 15 to 17, adding another licensed architect and a laborer in building construction; P.A. 89-144 substituted the office of protection and advocacy for persons with disabilities for the office of protection and advocacy for handicapped and developmentally disabled persons; P.A. 97-308 increased membership of builders or superintendents by one and specified their expertise in type of construction, substituted member of a national building trades labor organization for a laborer and reduced public members from five to four; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 98-1 specified that regulations re committee procedures shall be adopted in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, effective June 24, 1998; P.A. 09-192 increased committee's membership to 18, added Subdiv. designators (1) to (9), required member with energy efficiency expertise in Subdiv. (8), and made technical changes, effective July 8, 2009; pursuant to P.A. 11-51, “Commissioner of Public Safety” and “Department of Public Safety” were changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Construction Services” and “Department of Construction Services”, respectively, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 13-146 increased membership of committee from 18 to 21 and added Subdiv. (10) re licensed electrical work contractor or member of electrical trades labor organization, Subdiv. (11) re licensed plumbing and piping work contractor or member of plumbing trades labor organization and Subdiv. (12) re licensed heating, piping and cooling work contractor or member of heating and cooling trades labor organization; pursuant to P.A. 13-247, “Commissioner of Construction Services” and “Department of Construction Services” were changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Administrative Services” and “Department of Administrative Services”, respectively, effective July 1, 2013; P.A. 17-96 amended Subdiv. (9) to delete provision re selection from list of names submitted by Office of Protection and Advocacy for Persons with Disabilities and, to replace reference to physically disabled with reference to persons with physical disabilities, effective July 1, 2017; P.A. 24-71 increased membership of committee from 21 to 23 by revising requirements for membership in Subdiv. (3) including by adding reference to remodelers, and made a technical change, effective May 30, 2024.

See Sec. 4-9a for definition of “public member”.

Cited. 18 CA 40.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 29-263

Sec. 29-263a. Working drawings to be accompanied by evidence of licensure by the state. In the event that working drawings are used for the installation, alteration or modification of a fire sprinkler system, no state, city, town or borough building official responsible for the enforcement of laws, ordinances or regulations relating to the construction or alteration of buildings or structures, pursuant to section 29-263, shall accept or approve any such drawings or specifications which are not accompanied by evidence of licensure by the state as an automatic fire sprinkler system layout technician licensed pursuant to section 20-304a or are not accompanied by evidence of licensure by the state as a professional engineer in accordance with chapter 391.

(P.A. 91-273, S. 3.)

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 29-292.

Sec. 29-292. (Formerly Sec. 29-40). Fire Safety Code. Carbon monoxide and smoke detection and warning equipment. Certificate of occupancy. Liability. (a)(1) The State Fire Marshal and the Codes and Standards Committee shall adopt and administer a Fire Safety Code and at any time may amend the same in accordance with the provisions of section 29-292a. The code shall be based on nationally recognized model fire and life safety codes and shall be revised as deemed necessary to incorporate advances in technologies and improvements in construction materials and any subsequent revisions to the model fire and life safety codes not later than eighteen months following the date of first publication of such revisions, unless the State Fire Marshal and the committee certify that a revision is not necessary for such purpose. The code shall provide for reasonable safety from fire, smoke and panic therefrom, in all buildings, structures and areas adjacent to such buildings and structures, except in private dwellings occupied by one or two families and upon all premises. The code shall require (A) carbon monoxide detection and warning equipment in (i) new residential buildings not exempt under the code and designed to be occupied by one or two families for which a building permit for new occupancy is issued on or after October 1, 2005, and (ii) all public or nonpublic school buildings, and (B) smoke detection and warning equipment in residential buildings designed to be occupied by one or more families.

(2) The Fire Safety Code shall require each hotel, motel or inn to install or furnish smoke detection and warning equipment which, when activated, shall provide a visible alarm suitable to warn occupants, in at least one per cent of the units or rooms in such establishment having one hundred or more units or rooms and to install or furnish at least one such visible alarm in establishments having less than one hundred units or rooms.

(b) (1) No certificate of occupancy shall be issued for any residential building designed to be occupied by one or more families, unless the local fire marshal or building official has certified that such building is equipped with smoke detection and warning equipment complying with the Fire Safety Code and State Building Code.

(2) No certificate of occupancy shall be issued for any (A) new residential building not exempt under the Fire Safety Code, or (B) public or nonpublic school building for which a building permit for new occupancy is issued on or after January 1, 2012, unless the local fire marshal or building official has certified that such residential or school building is equipped with carbon monoxide detection and warning equipment complying with the Fire Safety Code and State Building Code.

(c) (1) No municipality, local or regional board of education, or supervisory agent of a nonpublic school, and (2) no employee, officer or agent of such municipality, board of education or supervisory agent acting without malice, in good faith and within the scope of his or her employment or official duties shall be liable for any damage to any person or property resulting from the failure to detect carbon monoxide within a public school building, provided carbon monoxide detection equipment is installed and maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's published instructions and with the Fire Safety Code.

(1949 Rev., S. 3665; 1971, P.A. 802, S. 11; P.A. 73-95, S. 1; P.A. 76-78; P.A. 77-334, S. 1, 2; 77-604, S. 65, 84; P.A. 80-297, S. 11, 20; P.A. 81-381, S. 1, 4; P.A. 82-344, S. 1, 3; 82-432, S. 11, 19; 82-472, S. 179 (Void), 183; P.A. 84-178; P.A. 85-321, S. 1; P.A. 86-327, S. 3; P.A. 87-186; July Sp. Sess. P.A. 87-2, S. 1, 2; P.A. 88-364, S. 46, 123; P.A. 97-25; P.A. 04-59, S. 3; P.A. 05-161, S. 1; P.A. 09-35, S. 3; P.A. 11-248, S. 1; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-2, S. 69; P.A. 16-215, S. 7; P.A. 21-165, S. 1; P.A. 22-75, S. 2.)

History: 1971 act substituted “adopt, promulgate and administer” for “establish”; P.A. 73-95 required that regulations provide reasonable safety from fire, smoke, etc. in areas adjacent to buildings as well as in buildings themselves; P.A. 76-78 added provisions re regulations concerning smoke detection systems in residential buildings and added Subsec. (b) requiring that buildings contain smoke detection systems before certificates of occupancy issued if building permit issued on or after October 1, 1976; P.A. 77-334 substituted “smoke detection and warning equipment” for “smoke detection systems” and required their installation in residential buildings to be occupied by one or more families after October 1, 1978, where previously they were required in buildings to be occupied by two or more families and required that regulations provide requirements for markings and literature which should accompany smoke detection and warning equipment; P.A. 77-604 made technical changes in Subsec. (b); P.A. 80-297 added Subsec. (c) re review of plans and specifications of structures subject to fire safety code to determine whether or not the structures comply with code requirements; P.A. 81-381 amended Subsec. (a) to require the installation of smoke detection and warning equipment in student dormitories at all colleges and universities not later than September 1, 1982; P.A. 82-344 repealed mandate for installation of smoke detection devices in student dormitories at all colleges and universities by September 1, 1982; P.A. 82-432 added reference to codes and standards committee in Subsec. (a); P.A. 82-472 attempted to make technical change in section 1 of vetoed public act 82-64 and therefore was without effect; Sec. 29-40 transferred to Sec. 29-292 in 1983; P.A. 84-178 amended Subsec. (a), adding a proviso requiring hotels, motels or inns to install or furnish visible fire alarm signals as specified; P.A. 85-321 amended Subsec. (a) to delete language requiring provision of Level Four Protection and require that smoke detection and warning equipment comply with fire safety code, and to require equipment capable of operation using current and batteries in one-family or multifamily new residential buildings; P.A. 86-327 amended Subsec. (a) to require revision of code not later than January 1, 1987, and every four years thereafter to incorporate certain advances and improvements; P.A. 87-186 amended Subsec. (c), exempting municipalities from payment of fees for plan review to determine fire safety code compliance; July Sp. Sess. P.A. 87-2 amended Subsec. (a)(1) to require smoke detection and warning equipment in all residential buildings designed to be occupied by two or more families by deleting provision which limited requirement to such buildings “for which a building permit is issued on or after October 1, 1976”, amended Subsec. (a)(2) to change “one or more families” to “one family” and amended Subsec. (b) to prohibit the issuance of a certificate of occupancy for any residential building designed to be occupied by two or more families, unless it is equipped with smoke detection and warning equipment by deleting provision which limited prohibition to any such building “for which a building permit is issued on or after October 1, 1976”; P.A. 88-364 made a technical change in Subsec. (a); P.A. 97-25 deleted former Subsec. (c) which authorized submission of plans and specifications of structures subject to State Fire Safety Code to State Fire Marshal for determination re compliance with code requirements; P.A. 04-59 amended Subsec. (a) to make a technical change, require that code be based on a nationally recognized model fire code and be revised not later than January 1, 2005, and thereafter as deemed necessary to incorporate subsequent revisions to the code not later than 18 months following the date of first publication of such revisions to the code, and delete provision requiring revision by January 1, 1987, and every four years thereafter, effective May 10, 2004; P.A. 05-161 amended Subsec. (a) to insert new Subdiv. (1) requiring installation of carbon monoxide detection and warning equipment in certain new residential buildings, designate provisions re smoke detection and warning equipment as Subdiv. (2) and redesignate existing Subdivs. (1) to (3) as Subparas. (A) to (C) of said Subdiv. (2), and to require that regulations provide requirements and specifications for installation and use of carbon monoxide detection and warning equipment and exemptions for buildings that do not pose a risk of carbon monoxide poisoning due to sole dependence on systems that do not emit carbon monoxide, and amended Subsec. (b) to designate existing provisions as Subdiv. (1) and to add Subdiv. (2) prohibiting issuance of certificate of occupancy for certain new residential buildings unless equipped with carbon monoxide detection and warning equipment, effective July 1, 2005; P.A. 09-35 amended Subsec. (a) to delete exception re premises used for manufacturing; P.A. 11-248 amended Subsec. (a) to divide existing provisions into Subdivs. (1) to (3), added provisions requiring public and nonpublic schools to have carbon monoxide detection and warning equipment installed and requiring State Fire Marshal and Codes and Standards Committee to include provisions re such schools in regulations, added Subsec. (c) re immunity from liability for failure to detect carbon monoxide within a public school building, and made technical changes, effective July 1, 2011; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-2 made technical changes in Subsec. (a)(3)(C); P.A. 16-215 amended Subsec. (a)(1) to add reference to Sec. 29-292a and delete reference to January 1, 2005, effective May 31, 2016; P.A. 21-165 substantially amended Subsec. (a) to add references to model life safety code, add provision re structures, add provision re smoke detection and warning equipment in residential buildings designed to be occupied by 1 or more families and new residential buildings, amend Subdiv. (2) to delete provision re markings and literature and delete Subdiv. (3) re installation and use of carbon monoxide detection and warning equipment, amended Subsec. (b)(1) to delete “two or more families, or any new residential building designed to be occupied by”, delete “for which a building permit for new occupancy is issued on or after October 1, 1978,” and add reference to State Building Code, amended Subsec. (b)(2) to delete provision re certificate of occupancy exemption for new residential building designed to be occupied by 1 or 2 families for which a building permit for new occupancy is issued on or after October 1, 2005, and add reference to State Building Code, and made technical changes, effective July 1, 2021; P.A. 22-75 amended Subsec. (a) to redesignate Subdivs. (1)(A) and (1)(B) as Subparas. (A)(i) and (A)(ii), redesignate Subdiv. (2) as Subpara. (B) and amend same to delete Subpara. (A) designator, delete provision re when smoke detection and warning system is installed or replaced and delete existing Subpara. (B) re new residential buildings designed to be occupied by one or more families for which a building permit for new occupancy is issued on or after July 1, 2021.

See Sec. 7-282b re installation and connection of automatic calling devices.

See Sec. 29-251a re review of regulations for conflicts with Fire Safety Code.

See Sec. 29-252a re compliance of state buildings with Fire Safety Code.

Annotations to former section 29-40:

Not an unlawful delegation of legislative power; it prescribes standards as a guide in adoption of regulations; constitutionality upheld. 141 C. 524. Cited. 143 C. 1.

Annotations to present section:

Cited. 204 C. 410; Id., 429; 211 C. 501.

Cited. 33 CA 422; 45 CA 46.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 29-293.

Sec. 29-293. (Formerly Sec. 29-41). Codes to specify minimum fire safety requirements. Establishment of fire zones. (a) The Fire Safety Code and the State Fire Prevention Code shall specify reasonable minimum requirements for fire safety in new and existing buildings and facilities.

(b) The State Fire Prevention Code shall, and any municipality may, by ordinance, require the establishment of one or more fire zones for the orderly access of fire and other emergency equipment to buildings or facilities open to the public. Any such ordinance may be in accordance with the (1) size, type of construction and nature of use or occupancy of such buildings or facilities, and (2) the fire suppression equipment and method of attack utilized by the fire department.

(1949 Rev., S. 3666; 1971, P.A. 802, S. 10; P.A. 73-95, S. 2; P.A. 85-34, S. 1; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 98-1, S. 63, 121; P.A. 99-163, S. 4; P.A. 09-177, S. 3.)

History: 1971 act deleted references to municipalities' right to enact ordinances as provided in Sec. 19-378 and required that orders made by municipalities be “consistent with” rather than “equal to, additional to or more stringent than” regulations issued under authority of Secs. 29-40 to 29-42; P.A. 73-95 authorized inclusion in code of requirement that fire safety zones be established; Sec. 29-41 transferred to Sec. 29-293 in 1983; P.A. 85-34 deleted provision re municipalities' rights to make orders with respect to buildings as provided in Sec. 29-383, that section being repealed in the same act; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 98-1 made a technical change, effective June 24, 1998; P.A. 99-163 divided the section into Subsecs. and deleted provision re discretionary inclusion in fire code of requirement to establish fire zones in premises open to public from Subsec. (a) and, in Subsec. (b), clarified that municipalities may establish fire zones; P.A. 09-177 added references to State Fire Prevention Code.

Cited. 204 C. 410.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 29-298.

Sec. 29-298. (Formerly Sec. 29-45a). Certification of local fire marshals, deputies, fire inspectors, fire code inspectors and fire investigators. Immunity from personal liability. Authority of deputy or acting fire marshals and fire inspectors. (a) The State Fire Marshal and the Codes and Standards Committee, acting jointly, shall adopt minimum standards of qualification for local fire marshals, deputy fire marshals, fire inspectors and such other classes of fire code inspectors and fire investigators as they deem necessary. For local fire marshals, deputy fire marshals and fire inspectors, such standards shall include a requirement that the person has (1) at least three years' experience (A) in fire suppression or fire prevention activities, (B) in responding and controlling releases or potential releases of hazardous materials, (C) in inspection activities concerning the fire safety or prevention code or hazardous materials, (D) in the investigation of the cause and origin of fires and explosions, or (E) as a sworn member of the Division of State Police within the Department of Emergency Services and Public Protection or an organized local police department, or (2) equivalent experience as determined by the State Fire Marshal and the Codes and Standards Committee.

(b) The State Fire Marshal and the Codes and Standards Committee shall (1) prepare and conduct oral, written or practical examinations to determine if a person is qualified to be certified, or (2) accept successful completion of programs of training developed by agencies or institutions and approved by them as proof of qualification for certification, or (3) prepare and conduct a training program, the successful completion of which shall qualify a person to be certified. Upon determination of the qualification of a local fire official under subdivision (1), (2) or (3) of this subsection, the State Fire Marshal and the Codes and Standards Committee shall issue or cause to be issued a certificate to such person stating that the person is certified. The State Fire Marshal and the Codes and Standards Committee shall establish classes of certification that will recognize the varying involvements of such local fire officials. Local fire marshals, deputy fire marshals, fire inspectors and other fire code inspectors or fire investigators holding office in any municipality shall be certified in accordance with subdivision (1), (2) or (3) of this subsection. On or after October 1, 1979, no local fire marshal, deputy fire marshal, fire inspector or other fire code inspector or fire investigator shall be appointed or hired unless such person is certified and any such person shall be removed from office if such person fails to maintain certification. The State Fire Marshal and the Codes and Standards Committee shall conduct educational programs designed to assist such local fire officials in carrying out the duties and responsibilities of their office. Such educational programs for local fire marshals, deputy fire marshals and fire inspectors shall be in addition to the programs specified under subdivisions (2) and (3) of this subsection and shall consist of not less than ninety hours of training over a three-year period. The State Fire Marshal and the Codes and Standards Committee shall establish the minimum hours of training for the other classes of fire code inspectors and fire investigators, which shall recognize the varying involvements of such officials. Each local fire official shall attend such training programs or other approved programs of training and present proof of successful completion to the State Fire Marshal. The State Fire Marshal may, after notice and opportunity for hearing, and with the participation of one or more members of the Fire Marshal Training Council, revoke any certificate issued under the provisions of this subsection for failure on the part of a local fire official to present such proof. Any local fire marshal, deputy fire marshal, fire inspector or other fire code inspector or fire investigator who wishes to retire his or her certificate may apply to the State Fire Marshal and the Codes and Standards Committee to have such certificate retired and be issued a certificate of emeritus. Such retired local fire official may no longer hold himself or herself out as a certified local fire official.

(c) No local fire marshal, deputy fire marshal, fire inspector or other fire code inspector or fire investigator acting for a local fire marshal, who is charged with the enforcement of this part, may be held personally liable for any damage to persons or property that may result from any action that is required or permitted in the discharge of his or her official duties while acting for a municipality or fire district. Any legal proceeding brought against any such fire marshal, deputy fire marshal, fire inspector or other fire code inspector or fire investigator because of any such action shall be defended by such municipality or fire district. No such fire marshal, deputy fire marshal, fire inspector or other fire code inspector or fire investigator may be held responsible for or charged with the costs of any such legal proceeding. Any officer of a local fire marshal's office, if acting without malice and in good faith, shall be free from all liability for any action or omission in the performance of his or her official duties.

(d) Except as provided in this subsection, each deputy fire marshal, fire inspector or other fire code inspector or fire investigator, certified pursuant to this section, shall act under the direction and supervision of the local fire marshal while enforcing the provisions of this part. The local fire marshal may authorize, in writing, such deputy fire marshal or fire inspector to issue any permit, order or citation under the provisions of this part or to certify compliance with the provisions of this part, on his or her behalf. If no local fire marshal has been appointed in accordance with the provisions of section 29-297, the deputy fire marshal or acting fire marshal shall assume the authority granted to the local fire marshal under this section.

(1971, P.A. 569, S. 2; P.A. 77-84; P.A. 82-432, S. 12, 19; P.A. 83-375, S. 1; 83-566, S. 4, 6; P.A. 86-327, S. 1; 86-403, S. 121; P.A. 87-120, S. 1, 3; P.A. 89-54; 89-75, S. 1, 2; P.A. 90-230, S. 91, 101; P.A. 07-84, S. 2, 5; 07-217, S. 139; P.A. 09-35, S. 4; P.A. 14-137, S. 1; P.A. 16-157, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 77-84 required that state marshal adopt minimum qualification standards for local fire marshals, deputy fire marshals and fire inspectors, adding the latter as a new personnel category and prohibited appointment or hiring of noncertified person on or after October 1, 1979; P.A. 82-432 empowered codes and standards committee to act jointly with state fire marshal in functions enumerated in section; Sec. 29-45a transferred to Sec. 29-298 in 1983; P.A. 83-375 added Subsec. (b), which provided that local fire marshals, deputies or inspectors are immune from personal liability for damage resulting from acts constituting official duties; P.A. 83-566 added Subdiv. (3), authorizing the state fire marshal and codes and standards committee to prepare and conduct a training program and specifically provided that deputy fire marshals and fire inspectors holding municipal office shall be certified in accordance with Subdiv. (1), (2) or (3); P.A. 86-327 amended Subsec. (a) to require a local fire official's removal from office for failure to maintain certification, continuing education for such officials, and revocation of certification for failure to complete such educational programs; P.A. 86-403 made technical change in Subsec. (a); P.A. 87-120 required the adoption of minimum standards of qualification for classes of fire inspectors in Subsec. (a) and added Subsec. (c), requiring deputy fire marshals and fire inspectors to act under supervision of local fire marshal while enforcing fire safety code; P.A. 89-54 required state fire marshal and committee to adopt minimum qualification standards for such other classes of inspectors and investigators as they deem necessary and required such inspectors and investigators to be certified; P.A. 89-75 amended Subsec. (c) to permit local fire marshal to authorize deputy fire marshal or fire inspector to issue permits and orders or certify compliance with fire safety code; P.A. 90-230 made technical change to Subsec. (c); P.A. 07-84 amended Subsec. (a) to add provisions concerning the issuing of a certificate of emeritus and, effective June 1, 2007, further amended Subsec. (a) to require participation of Fire Marshal Training Council in revocation proceedings; P.A. 07-217 made technical changes in Subsec. (a), effective July 12, 2007; P.A. 09-35 amended Subsec. (c) to permit deputy fire marshal or acting fire marshal to assume authority of the local fire marshal when no local fire marshal has been appointed; P.A. 14-137 amended Subsec. (a) to add provisions re requirements for minimum standards of qualification for local fire marshals, deputy fire marshals and fire inspectors and to designate existing provisions re examination or certification as new Subsec. (b), amended new Subsec. (b) to delete references to eligibility, change “public agencies” to “agencies or institutions” re programs of training and delete “appointed” re local fire marshal, deputy fire marshal or other inspector or investigator who wishes to retire certificate, redesignated existing Subsecs. (b) and (c) as Subsecs. (c) and (d) and amended same to delete references to Fire Safety Code and add references to part II of chapter; P.A. 16-157 replaced references to inspector with references to fire code inspector and replaced references to investigator with references to fire investigator, amended Subsec. (b) to add reference to fire inspector, amended Subsec. (d) to add provision re local fire marshal may authorize deputy fire marshal or fire inspector to issue citation, and made technical changes, effective July 1, 2016.

Annotation to former section 29-45a:

Cited. 185 C. 445.

Annotation to present section:

Cited. 211 C. 690.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 29-306.

Sec. 29-306. (Formerly Sec. 29-53). Abatement of fire hazards: Order to remove or remedy; penalties; notification of officials; order to vacate; review by State Fire Marshal. (a) When the local fire marshal ascertains that there exists in any building, or upon any premises, (1) combustible or explosive matter, dangerous accumulation of rubbish or any flammable material especially liable to fire, that is so situated as to endanger life or property, (2) obstructions or conditions that present a fire hazard to the occupants or interfere with their egress in case of fire, or (3) a condition in violation of the statutes relating to fire prevention or safety, or any regulation made pursuant thereto, the remedy of which requires construction or a change in structure, the local fire marshal shall order such materials to be immediately removed or the conditions remedied by the owner or occupant of such building or premises. Any such removal or remedy shall be in conformance with all building codes, ordinances, rules and regulations of the municipality involved. Any person, firm or corporation which violates any provision of this subsection shall be fined not more than one hundred dollars or be imprisoned not more than three months, or both, and, in addition, may be fined fifty dollars a day for each day's continuance of each violation, to be recovered in a proper action in the name of the state.

(b) Upon failure of an owner or occupant to abate a hazard or remedy a condition pursuant to subsection (a) of this section within a reasonable period of time as specified by the local fire marshal, such local fire marshal shall promptly notify in writing the prosecuting attorney having jurisdiction in the municipality in which such hazard exists of all the facts pertaining thereto, and such official shall promptly take such action as the facts may require, and a copy of such notification shall be forwarded promptly to the State Fire Marshal. The local fire marshal may request the chief executive officer or any official of the municipality authorized to institute actions on behalf of the municipality in which the hazard exists, or the State Fire Marshal, for the purpose of closing or restricting from public service or use such place or premises until such hazard has been remedied, to apply to any court of equitable jurisdiction for an injunction against such owner or occupant; or the State Fire Marshal, on his own initiative, may apply to such court for such injunction. When such hazard is found to exist upon premises supervised or licensed by a state department or agency, the State Fire Marshal shall promptly notify the administrator of such department or agency of his findings and shall issue orders for the elimination of such hazard.

(c) If the local fire marshal or a local police officer determines that there exists in a building a risk of death or injury from (1) blocked, insufficient or impeded egress, (2) failure to maintain or the shutting off of any fire protection or fire warning system required by the Fire Safety Code or State Fire Prevention Code, (3) the storage of any flammable or explosive material without a permit or in quantities in excess of any allowable limits pursuant to a permit, (4) the use of any firework or pyrotechnic device without a permit, or (5) exceeding the occupancy limit established by the State Fire Marshal or a local fire marshal, such fire marshal or police officer may issue a verbal or written order to immediately vacate the building. Such fire marshal or police officer shall notify or submit a copy of such order to the State Fire Marshal if such marshal or officer anticipates that any of the conditions specified in subdivisions (1) to (5), inclusive, of this subsection cannot be abated in four hours or less from the time of such order. Upon receipt of any such notification or copy, the State Fire Marshal shall review such order to vacate, and after consultation with the local fire marshal or local police officer, determine whether to uphold, modify or reverse such order, with any further conditions the State Fire Marshal deems appropriate to protect any person from injury. A violation of such order shall be subject to the penalties under section 29-291c.

(1949 Rev., S. 3676; 1957, P.A. 516, S. 3; 1959, P.A. 233, S. 1; 1967, P.A. 388; P.A. 83-47; P.A. 85-276; P.A. 03-231, S. 1; P.A. 04-27, S. 5; P.A. 08-65, S. 3; P.A. 09-177, S. 4; P.A. 11-8, S. 23; P.A. 21-165, S. 7.)

History: 1959 act broadened conditions for ordering removal of materials or remedying of conditions and authorized application for injunction; 1967 act provided that owner or occupant of building is subject to penalties under Sec. 29-43 and penalty of $10 per day for each day he neglects to remedy hazardous conditions after he is ordered to do so; Sec. 29-53 transferred to Sec. 29-306 in 1983; P.A. 83-47 permitted the local fire marshal to request the chief executive officer of the municipality in which a fire hazard exists to apply for an injunction against an owner or occupant of a building and allowed the state fire marshal on his own initiative to seek such injunction; P.A. 85-276 increased the penalty from $10 to $50 a day for each day of neglect for each violation; P.A. 03-231 authorized local fire marshal or local police officer to issue a verbal or written order to immediately vacate a building if such fire marshal or police officer determines that there exists in the building a risk of death or injury from overcrowding, blockage of required exiting or from indoor use of pyrotechnics and authorized imposition of Sec. 29-295 penalties for a violation of such verbal or written order, effective July 9, 2003; P.A. 04-27 made technical changes, effective April 28, 2004; P.A. 08-65 divided existing provisions into Subsecs. (a) to (c), amended Subsec. (a) to add Subdiv. designators (1) to (3), to make technical changes and to add penalty provision, amended Subsec. (b) to make technical changes and to delete manufacturing building exemption, amended Subsec. (c) to add Subdivs. (1) to (5) listing hazardous conditions, and to require notification of State Fire Marshal if conditions cannot be abated in 4 hours or less; P.A. 09-177 amended Subsec. (c) to require local fire marshal or police officer to notify or submit a copy of order to vacate to State Fire Marshal and to require State Fire Marshal to review such order; P.A. 11-8 made a technical change in Subsec. (c)(2), effective May 24, 2011; P.A. 21-165 amended Subsec. (c) to replace reference to Sec. 29-295 with reference to Sec. 29-291c, effective July 1, 2021.

Annotation to former section 29-53:

Cited. 24 CS 189.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 29-313.

Sec. 29-313. (Formerly Sec. 29-44a). Fire extinguishers. (a) No fire extinguishing agent used in a fire extinguisher or fire extinguishing device may contain an active ingredient having a level of toxicity equal to or greater than the vapors of carbon tetrachloride or chlorobromomethane or the thermal decomposition products resulting therefrom.

(b) No fire extinguisher or fire extinguishing device containing an active agent having a level of toxicity equal to or greater than the vapors of carbon tetrachloride or chlorobromomethane or the thermal decomposition products resulting therefrom shall be used or installed for use in any school bus or motor vehicle used for the transportation of passengers for hire. The owner or operator of any such bus or vehicle who violates any provision of this subsection shall be fined not more than two hundred dollars or imprisoned not more than three months, or both.

(c) Any person who sells, offers for sale or gives to another any fire extinguisher or fire extinguishing device, containing or designed to contain an active agent having an ingredient prohibited by subsection (a) of this section shall be subject to the penalties prescribed in section 29-291c.

(1961, P.A. 21; P.A. 85-151, S. 1; P.A. 90-263, S. 55, 74; P.A. 05-288, S. 130; P.A. 11-51, S. 90; P.A. 13-247, S. 200; P.A. 14-187, S. 24; P.A. 16-215, S. 14; P.A. 17-80, S. 2; P.A. 21-165, S. 9.)

History: Sec. 29-44a transferred to Sec. 29-313 in 1983; P.A. 85-151 broadened applicability of Subsec. (a), deleting prohibition re use or installation for use in buildings regulated by fire safety code and penalties for owners of such buildings and rewording remaining provision and added Subsec. (d) requiring public safety commissioner to adopt regulations re specifications for installation or use of fire extinguishers and agents, permitting commissioner to adopt National Fire Protection Association Standards; P.A. 90-263 amended Subsec. (b) to substitute phrase motor vehicle used for the transportation of passengers for hire for public service motor vehicle; P.A. 05-288 made a technical change in Subsec. (c), effective July 13, 2005; pursuant to P.A. 11-51, “Commissioner of Public Safety” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Construction Services” in Subsec. (d), effective July 1, 2011; pursuant to P.A. 13-247, “Commissioner of Construction Services” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Administrative Services” in Subsec. (d), effective July 1, 2013; P.A. 14-187 amended Subsec. (d) to add provision re regulations to be incorporated into State Fire Prevention Code, effective June 11, 2014; P.A. 16-215 amended Subsec. (d) by replacing reference to Ch. 54 with reference to Sec. 29-291e and making technical changes, effective May 31, 2016; P.A. 17-80 deleted former Subsec. (d) re adoption of regulations re installation or use of fire extinguishers and extinguishing agents, effective July 1, 2017; P.A. 21-165 amended Subsec. (c) to replace reference to Sec. 29-295 with reference to Sec. 29-291c and make a technical change, effective July 1, 2021.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 29-315.

Sec. 29-315. (Formerly Sec. 29-44c). Fire extinguishing system required for certain buildings. (a)(1) When any building is to be built having more than four stories and is to be used for human occupancy, such building shall have an automatic fire extinguishing system approved by the State Fire Marshal on each floor.

(2) When any building is (A) to be built as an educational occupancy, (B) eligible for a school building project grant pursuant to chapter 173, and (C) put out to bid on or after July 1, 2004, such building shall have an automatic fire extinguishing system approved by the State Fire Marshal on each floor. As used in this subsection, “educational occupancy” has the same meaning as provided in the Fire Safety Code.

(3) The State Fire Marshal and the State Building Inspector may jointly grant variations or exemptions from, or approve equivalent or alternate compliance with, the requirement in subdivision (2) of this subsection, where strict compliance with such requirement would entail practical difficulty or unnecessary hardship or is otherwise adjudged unwarranted, provided (A) any such variation or exemption or approved equivalent or alternate compliance shall, in the opinion of the State Fire Marshal and the State Building Inspector, secure the public safety, and (B) the municipality in which such educational occupancy is located complies with all other fire safety requirements in the Fire Safety Code and the State Building Code with respect to such occupancy. If either the State Fire Marshal or the State Building Inspector determines that a variation or exemption from, or an equivalent or alternate compliance with, said subdivision (2) should not be permitted, no such variation or exemption, or equivalent or alternate compliance shall be granted or approved. Any determination made pursuant to this subdivision by the State Fire Marshal and the State Building Inspector shall be in writing. Any person aggrieved by any decision of the State Fire Marshal or the State Building Inspector, or both, may appeal to the Codes and Standards Committee no later than fourteen days after issuance of the decision. Any person aggrieved by any ruling of the Codes and Standards Committee may appeal to the superior court for the judicial district wherein such occupancy is located.

(b) Each hotel or motel having six or more guest rooms and providing sleeping accommodations for more than sixteen persons for which a building permit for new occupancy is issued on or after January 1, 1987, shall have an automatic fire extinguishing system installed on each floor in accordance with regulations adopted by the Commissioner of Administrative Services. Such regulations shall be incorporated into the State Fire Prevention Code.

(c) Not later than October 1, 1992, each hotel or motel having more than four stories shall have an automatic fire extinguishing system approved by the State Fire Marshal on each floor.

(d) (1) Not later than January 1, 1995, each residential building having more than four stories and occupied primarily by elderly persons shall have an automatic fire extinguishing system approved by the State Fire Marshal on each floor. Not later than January 1, 1994, the owner or manager of or agency responsible for such residential building shall submit plans for the installation of such system, signed and sealed by a licensed professional engineer, to the local fire marshal within whose jurisdiction such building is located or to the State Fire Marshal, as the case may be. For the purposes of this subsection, the phrase “occupied primarily by elderly persons” means that on October 1, 1993, or on the date of any inspection, if later, a minimum of eighty per cent of the dwelling units available for human occupancy in a residential building have at least one resident who has attained the age of sixty-five years.

(2) Each residential building having more than twelve living units and occupied primarily by elderly persons, as defined in subdivision (1) of this subsection, or designed to be so occupied, for which a building permit for new occupancy is issued or which is substantially renovated on or after January 1, 1997, shall have an automatic fire extinguishing system approved by the State Fire Marshal on each floor.

(e) No building inspector shall grant a building permit unless a fire extinguishing system as required by subsection (a) or (b) of this section is included in the final, approved building plans and no fire marshal or building inspector shall permit occupancy of such a building unless such fire extinguishing system is installed and operable. The State Fire Marshal may require fire extinguishing systems approved by him to be installed in other occupancies where they are required in the interest of safety because of special occupancy hazards.

(f) (1) Not later than July 31, 2006, each chronic and convalescent nursing home or rest home with nursing supervision licensed pursuant to chapter 368v shall have a complete automatic fire extinguishing system approved by the State Fire Marshal installed throughout such chronic and convalescent nursing home or rest home with nursing supervision. Not later than July 1, 2004, the owner or authorized agent of each such home shall submit plans for the installation of such system, signed and sealed by a licensed professional engineer, to the local fire marshal and building official within whose jurisdiction such home is located or to the State Fire Marshal, as the case may be, and shall apply for a building permit for the installation of such system. The owner or authorized agent shall notify the Department of Public Health of such submission.

(2) On or before July 1, 2005, and quarterly thereafter, each chronic and convalescent nursing home or rest home with nursing supervision licensed pursuant to chapter 368v shall submit a report to the local fire marshal describing progress in installing the automatic fire extinguishing systems required under subsection (a) of this section. In preparing such report each such nursing home or rest home shall conduct a facility risk analysis. Such analysis shall include, but not be limited to, an analysis of the following factors: Type of construction, number of stories and residents, safeguards in the facility, types of patients, travel distance to exits and arrangement of means of egress. After review of the report, the local fire marshal may require the nursing home or rest home to implement alternative fire safety measures to reduce the level of risk to occupants before installation of automatic fire sprinklers is completed.

(g) Any person who fails to install an automatic fire extinguishing system in violation of any provision of this section shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than one thousand dollars for each day such violation continues. The Attorney General, upon request of the State Fire Marshal, shall institute a civil action to recover such penalty.

(P.A. 73-375; P.A. 81-381, S. 2, 4; P.A. 86-163, S. 1, 3; P.A. 88-80; 88-304, S. 1, 6, 7; P.A. 91-282, S. 1; P.A. 93-106, S. 1, 2; P.A. 96-138; P.A. 01-173, S. 66, 67; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-3, S. 92; P.A. 05-31, S. 1; 05-187, S. 1; 05-272, S. 37; P.A. 11-51, S. 90; P.A. 13-247, S. 200; P.A. 14-187, S. 43.)

History: P.A. 81-381 made minor changes in wording; Sec. 29-44c transferred to Sec. 29-315 in 1983; P.A. 86-163 divided section into Subsecs. and required the installation of automatic fire extinguishing system in hotels and motels; P.A. 88-80 amended Subsec. (b), limiting application of provision to hotels or motels having six or more guest rooms and providing sleeping accommodations for more than sixteen; P.A. 88-304 inserted new Subsec. (c), requiring installation of automatic fire extinguishing systems in hotels and motels having more than four stories and in housing for the elderly having more than four stories, relettered former subsection as Subsec. (d) and changed effective date of P.A. 88-80 from October 1, 1988, to July 1, 1988; P.A. 91-282 amended Subsec. (c) to add a definition of “occupied primarily by elderly persons”; P.A. 93-106 transferred from Subsec. (c) to (d) provision requiring installation of automatic fire extinguishing system in housing for the elderly, postponed installation requirement from October 1, 1993, to January 1, 1995, required owner or manager of or agency responsible for such residential building to submit plans for installation of system to local or state fire marshal by January 1, 1994, and relettered former Subsec. (d) as (e), effective July 12, 1993; P.A. 96-138 subdivided Subsec. (d) into Subdivs., adding requirement of automatic fire extinguishing system in housing for the elderly with more than twelve units beginning January 1, 1997; P.A. 01-173 amended Subsec. (a) to designate existing provisions as Subdiv. (1) and to add Subdiv. (2) re educational occupancy, effective July 1, 2001; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-3 added Subsec. (f) requiring automatic fire extinguishing systems in licensed chronic and convalescent nursing homes and rest homes with nursing supervision and added Subsec. (g) re civil penalty for violation of section, effective August 20, 2003; P.A. 05-31 amended Subsec. (a)(2) to make technical changes in definition of “educational occupancy”, and added new Subsec. (a)(3) allowing State Fire Marshal and State Building Inspector to jointly grant variations or exemptions from, or approve equivalent or alternate compliance with, requirement that educational occupancy have an automatic fire extinguishing system installed, effective May 2, 2005; P.A. 05-187 amended Subsec. (f) by designating existing provisions as Subdiv. (1) and amending same by postponing date for installation of automatic fire extinguishing systems in nursing and rest homes from July 1, 2005, to July 31, 2006, requiring that complete systems be installed throughout the nursing and rest homes instead of on each floor and that the owner notify the Commissioner of Public Health of submission of plan for installation, and by adding Subdiv. (2) re submission of quarterly progress reports on installation, effective June 30, 2005; P.A. 05-272 amended Subsec. (f)(1) by clarifying requirement that approved fire extinguishing system be installed throughout chronic and convalescent nursing homes and rest homes with nursing supervision and requiring Department of Public Health, rather than Commissioner of Public Health, to be notified of plan for installation of system, effective July 13, 2005; pursuant to P.A. 11-51, “Commissioner of Public Safety” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Construction Services” in Subsec. (b), effective July 1, 2011; pursuant to P.A. 13-247, “Commissioner of Construction Services” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Administrative Services” in Subsec. (b), effective July 1, 2013; P.A. 14-187 amended Subsec. (b) to add provision re regulations to be incorporated into State Fire Prevention Code, effective June 11, 2014.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 29-381

Sec. 29-381a. Sufficiency of main entrances in places of public assembly. Variations or exemptions. Appeal. (a) Each place of public assembly, as defined in the Fire Safety Code, constructed under a building permit application filed on or after June 8, 2004, or renovated under a building permit application filed on or after said date to increase capacity or change its occupancy, as defined in the State Building Code, that has a single main entrance shall have such main entrance sufficient to allow the emergency exit of two-thirds of the capacity of such place of assembly.

(b) The State Fire Marshal or the State Building Inspector may grant variations or exemptions from, or approve equivalent or alternate compliance with, the requirement in subsection (a) of this section where strict compliance with such requirement would entail practical difficulty or unnecessary hardship, or is otherwise adjudged unwarranted, provided the intent of the provisions of subsection (a) of this section shall be observed and public welfare and safety be assured. Any such determination by the State Fire Marshal or the State Building Inspector shall be in writing. Any person aggrieved by any decision of the State Fire Marshal or the State Building Inspector may appeal to the Codes and Standards Committee within fourteen days after mailing of the decision. Any person aggrieved by any ruling of the Codes and Standards Committee may appeal to the superior court for the judicial district wherein the place of assembly concerned is located.

(P.A. 03-231, S. 3; P.A. 04-237, S. 8; P.A. 11-8, S. 26.)

History: P.A. 03-231 effective July 9, 2003; P.A. 04-237 designated existing provisions as Subsec. (a) and amended same to require each place of public assembly constructed under building permit application filed on or after June 8, 2004, or renovated under building permit application filed on or after said date that has a single main entrance to have such entrance sufficient to allow emergency exit of two-thirds of capacity, and added Subsec. (b) authorizing State Fire Marshal or State Building Inspector to grant variations or exemptions from or approve equivalent or alternate compliance with requirement in Subsec. (a), requiring any determination by such official to be in writing and authorizing appeal to Codes and Standards Committee and to superior court, effective June 8, 2004; P.A. 11-8 made a technical change in Subsec. (a), effective May 24, 2011.

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Secs. 29-382 to 29-388. (Formerly Secs. 19-377, 19-379, 19-381 to 19-383, 19-384a and 19-385a). Local authorities to require safe exits. Examination by local authorities. Order; appeal. Fastening of doors in school houses. Fire alarms in school houses. Penalties. Stairways and fire escapes for school houses. Condemnation of nonconforming building. Sections 29-382 to 29-388, inclusive, are repealed.

(1949 Rev., S. 4086, 4088, 4090–4092; 1957, P.A. 13, S. 85; 516, S. 10, 12; 1959, P.A. 662, S. 1, 2; February, 1965, P.A. 574, S. 28; 1971, P.A. 802, S. 2, 3; P.A. 74-183, S. 232, 291; P.A. 76-436, S. 201, 681; P.A. 78-280, S. 1, 127; P.A. 85-4; 85-9; 85-34, S. 2; P.A. 88-356, S. 5.)

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 4-58

Sec. 4-58a. Mutual aid fire pacts between state institutions and municipalities. (a) The superintendent of any state institution shall have the power to enter into agreements with any town, city, borough, fire district or other governmental subdivision having the duty to extinguish fires within its limits or any volunteer fire department respecting mutual fire protection, including, but not limited to, arrangements respecting use of fire fighting equipment and the services of such personnel of such institution who are members of an institutional fire brigade.

(b) Any employee of a state institution who is a member of its regular or volunteer fire department or institutional fire brigade who is injured or dies as a result of responding to, working at or returning from a fire outside of such institution, in accordance with an agreement entered into under subsection (a) of this section with the municipality in which the fire occurred, shall be deemed to have been injured in the course of his employment and he and his estate shall be entitled to all the benefits of title 5 and chapter 568, provided the superintendent of such institution shall have authorized his service at such fire.

(c) The superintendent of any such institution may withhold the services of any member of the regular, volunteer or institutional fire brigade for fire fighting duty outside of such institution by reason of his assignment to regular or special duties at such institution.

(1961, P.A. 288; P.A. 05-288, S. 11.)

History: P.A. 05-288 made a technical change in Subsec. (b), effective July 13, 2005.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-148.

Sec. 7-148. Scope of municipal powers. (a) Definitions. Whenever used in this section, “municipality” means any town, city or borough, consolidated town and city or consolidated town and borough.

(b) Ordinances. Powers granted to any municipality under the general statutes or by any charter or special act, unless the charter or special act provides to the contrary, shall be exercised by ordinance when the exercise of such powers has the effect of:

(1) Establishing rules or regulations of general municipal application, the violation of which may result in the imposition of a fine or other penalty including community service for not more than twenty hours; or

(2) Creating a permanent local law of general applicability.

(c) Powers. Any municipality shall have the power to do any of the following, in addition to all powers granted to municipalities under the Constitution and general statutes:

(1) Corporate powers. (A) Contract and be contracted with, sue and be sued, and institute, prosecute, maintain and defend any action or proceeding in any court of competent jurisdiction;

(B) Provide for the authentication, execution and delivery of deeds, contracts, grants, and releases of municipal property and for the issuance of evidences of indebtedness of the municipality;

(2) Finances and appropriations. (A) Establish and maintain a budget system;

(B) Assess, levy and collect taxes for general or special purposes on all property, subjects or objects which may be lawfully taxed, and regulate the mode of assessment and collection of taxes and assessments not otherwise provided for, including establishment of a procedure for the withholding of approval of building application when taxes or water or sewer rates, charges or assessments imposed by the municipality are delinquent for the property for which an application was made;

(C) Make appropriations for the support of the municipality and pay its debts;

(D) Make appropriations for the purpose of meeting a public emergency threatening the lives, health or property of citizens, provided such appropriations shall require a favorable vote of at least two-thirds of the entire membership of the legislative body or, when the legislative body is the town meeting, at least two-thirds of those present and voting;

(E) Make appropriations to military organizations, hospitals, health care facilities, public health nursing organizations, nonprofit museums and libraries, organizations providing drug abuse and dependency programs and any other private organization performing a public function;

(F) Provide for the manner in which contracts involving unusual expenditures shall be made;

(G) When not specifically prescribed by general statute or by charter, prescribe the form of proceedings and mode of assessing benefits and appraising damages in taking land for public use, or in making public improvements to be paid for, in whole or in part, by special assessments, and prescribe the manner in which all benefits assessed shall be collected;

(H) Provide for the bonding of municipal officials or employees by requiring the furnishing of such bond, conditioned upon honesty or faithful performance of duty and determine the amount, form, and sufficiency of the sureties thereof;

(I) Regulate the method of borrowing money for any purpose for which taxes may be levied and borrow on the faith and credit of the municipality for such general or special purposes and to such extent as is authorized by general statute;

(J) Provide for the temporary borrowing of money;

(K) Create a sinking fund or funds or a trust fund or funds or other special funds, including funds which do not lapse at the end of the municipal fiscal year;

(L) Provide for the assignment of municipal tax liens on real property to the extent authorized by general statute;

(3) Property. (A) Take or acquire by gift, purchase, grant, including any grant from the United States or the state, bequest or devise and hold, condemn, lease, sell, manage, transfer, release and convey such real and personal property or interest therein absolutely or in trust as the purposes of the municipality or any public use or purpose, including that of education, art, ornament, health, charity or amusement, cemeteries, parks or gardens, or the erection or maintenance of statues, monuments, buildings or other structures, require. Any lease of real or personal property or any interest therein, either as lessee or lessor, may be for such term or any extensions thereof and upon such other terms and conditions as have been approved by the municipality, including without limitation the power to bind itself to appropriate funds as necessary to meet rent and other obligations as provided in any such lease;

(B) Provide for the proper administration of gifts, grants, bequests and devises and meet such terms or conditions as are prescribed by the grantor or donor and accepted by the municipality;

(4) Public services. (A) Provide for police protection, regulate and prescribe the duties of the persons providing police protection with respect to criminal matters within the limits of the municipality and maintain and regulate a suitable place of detention within the limits of the municipality for the safekeeping of all persons arrested and awaiting trial and do all other things necessary or desirable for the policing of the municipality;

(B) Provide for fire protection, organize, maintain and regulate the persons providing fire protection, provide the necessary apparatus for extinguishing fires and do all other things necessary or desirable for the protection of the municipality from fire;

(C) Provide for entertainment, amusements, concerts, celebrations and cultural activities, including the direct or indirect purchase, ownership and operation of the assets of one or more sports franchises;

(D) Provide for ambulance service by the municipality or any person, firm or corporation;

(E) Provide for the employment of nurses;

(F) Provide for lighting the streets, highways and other public places of the municipality and for the care and preservation of public lamps, lamp posts and fixtures;

(G) Provide for the furnishing of water, by contract or otherwise;

(H) Provide for or regulate the collection and disposal of garbage, trash, rubbish, waste material and ashes by contract or otherwise, including prohibiting the throwing or placing of such materials on the highways;

(I) Provide for the financing, construction, rehabilitation, repair, improvement or subsidization of housing for low and moderate income persons and families;

(5) Personnel. (A) Provide for and establish pension systems for the officers and employees of the municipality and for the active members of any volunteer fire department or any volunteer ambulance association of the municipality, and establish a system of qualification for the tenure in office of such officers and employees, provided the rights or benefits granted to any individual under any municipal retirement or pension system shall not be diminished or eliminated;

(B) Establish a merit system or civil service system for the selection and promotion of public officials and employees. Nothing in this subparagraph shall be construed to validate any merit system or civil service system established prior to May 24, 1972;

(C) Provide for the employment of and prescribe the salaries, compensation and hours of employment of all officers and employees of the municipality and the duties of such officers and employees not expressly defined by the Constitution of the state, the general statutes, charter or special act;

(D) Provide for the appointment of a municipal historian;

(6) Public works, sewers, highways. (A) Public facilities. (i) Establish, lay out, construct, reconstruct, alter, maintain, repair, control and operate cemeteries, public burial grounds, hospitals, clinics, institutions for children and aged, infirm and chronically ill persons, bus terminals and airports and their accessories, docks, wharves, school houses, libraries, parks, playgrounds, playfields, fieldhouses, baths, bathhouses, swimming pools, gymnasiums, comfort stations, recreation places, public beaches, beach facilities, public gardens, markets, garbage and refuse disposal facilities, parking lots and other off-street parking facilities, and any and all buildings or facilities necessary or convenient for carrying on the government of the municipality;

(ii) Create, provide for, construct, regulate and maintain all things in the nature of public works and improvements;

(iii) Enter into or upon any land for the purpose of making necessary surveys or mapping in connection with any public improvement, and take by eminent domain any lands, rights, easements, privileges, franchises or structures which are necessary for the purpose of establishing, constructing or maintaining any public work, or for any municipal purpose, in the manner prescribed by the general statutes;

(iv) Regulate and protect from injury or defacement all public buildings, public monuments, trees and ornaments in public places and other public property in the municipality;

(v) Provide for the planting, rearing and preserving of shade and ornamental trees on the streets and public grounds;

(vi) Provide for improvement of waterfronts by a board, commission or otherwise;

(B) Sewers, drainage and public utilities. (i) Lay out, construct, reconstruct, repair, maintain, operate, alter, extend and discontinue sewer and drainage systems and sewage disposal plants;

(ii) Enter into or upon any land for the purpose of correcting the flow of surface water through watercourses which prevent, or may tend to prevent, the free discharge of municipal highway surface water through said courses;

(iii) Regulate the laying, location and maintenance of gas pipes, water pipes, drains, sewers, poles, wires, conduits and other structures in the streets and public places of the municipality;

(iv) Prohibit and regulate the discharge of drains from roofs of buildings over or upon the sidewalks, streets or other public places of the municipality or into sanitary sewers;

(v) Enter into energy-savings performance contracts;

(C) Highways and sidewalks. (i) Lay out, construct, reconstruct, alter, maintain, repair, control, operate, and assign numbers to streets, alleys, highways, boulevards, bridges, underpasses, sidewalks, curbs, gutters, public walks and parkways;

(ii) Keep open and safe for public use and travel and free from encroachment or obstruction the streets, sidewalks and public places in the municipality;

(iii) Control the excavation of highways and streets;

(iv) Regulate and prohibit the excavation, altering or opening of sidewalks, public places and grounds for public and private purposes and the location of any work or things thereon, whether temporary or permanent, upon or under the surface thereof;

(v) Require owners or occupants of land adjacent to any sidewalk or public work to remove snow, ice, sleet, debris or any other obstruction therefrom, provide penalties upon their failure to do so, and cause such snow, ice, sleet, debris or other obstruction to be removed and make the cost of such removal a lien on such property;

(vi) Grant to abutting property owners a limited property or leasehold interest in abutting streets and sidewalks for the purpose of encouraging and supporting private commercial development;

(7) Regulatory and police powers. (A) Buildings. (i) Make rules relating to the maintenance of safe and sanitary housing and prescribe civil penalties for the violation of such rules against an owner of rental property not to exceed two thousand dollars per violation, provided if multiple violations are discovered on the same date, such violations shall be enforced as one violation, and any such owner assessed a civil penalty pursuant to this subparagraph shall have a right of appeal to the legislative body of the municipality, or to the board of selectmen in a municipality where the legislative body is a town meeting, upon the grounds that such violation was proximately caused by a tenant's reckless or wilful act;

(ii) Regulate the mode of using any buildings when such regulations seem expedient for the purpose of promoting the safety, health, morals and general welfare of the inhabitants of the municipality;

(iii) Regulate and prohibit the moving of buildings upon or through the streets or other public places of the municipality, and cause the removal and demolition of unsafe buildings and structures;

(iv) Regulate and provide for the licensing of parked trailers when located off the public highways, and trailer parks or mobile manufactured home parks, except as otherwise provided by special act and except where there exists a local zoning commission so empowered;

(v) Establish lines beyond which no buildings, steps, stoop, veranda, billboard, advertising sign or device or other structure or obstruction may be erected;

(vi) Regulate and prohibit the placing, erecting or keeping of signs, awnings or other things upon or over the sidewalks, streets and other public places of the municipality;

(vii) Regulate plumbing and house drainage;

(viii) Prohibit or regulate the construction of dwellings, apartments, boarding houses, hotels, commercial buildings, youth camps or commercial camps and commercial camping facilities in such municipality unless the sewerage facilities have been approved by the authorized officials of the municipality;

(B) Traffic. (i) Regulate and prohibit, in a manner not inconsistent with the general statutes, traffic, the operation of vehicles on streets and highways, off-street parking and on-street residential neighborhood parking areas in which on-street parking is limited to residents of a given neighborhood, as determined by the municipality;

(ii) Regulate the speed of vehicles, subject to the provisions of the general statutes relating to the regulation of the speed of motor vehicles and of animals, and the driving or leading of animals through the streets;

(iii) Require that conspicuous signage be posted in any area where a motor vehicle may be subject to towing or to the use of a wheel-locking device that renders such motor vehicle immovable, and that such signage indicate where the motor vehicle will be stored, how the vehicle may be redeemed and any costs or fees that may be charged;

(C) Building adjuncts. Regulate and prohibit the construction or use, and require the removal of sinks, cesspools, drains, sewers, privies, barns, outhouses and poultry pens and houses;

(D) Animals. (i) Regulate and prohibit the going at large of dogs and other animals in the streets and public places of the municipality and prevent cruelty to animals and all inhuman sports, except that no municipality shall adopt breed-specific dog ordinances;

(ii) Regulate and prohibit the keeping of wild or domestic animals, including reptiles, within the municipal limits or portions thereof;

(E) Nuisance. Define, prohibit and abate within the municipality all nuisances and causes thereof, and all things detrimental to the health, morals, safety, convenience and welfare of its inhabitants and cause the abatement of any nuisance at the expense of the owner or owners of the premises on which such nuisance exists;

(F) Loitering and trespassing. (i) Keep streets, sidewalks and public places free from undue noise and nuisances, and prohibit loitering thereon;

(ii) Regulate loitering on private property with the permission of the owner thereof;

(iii) Prohibit the loitering in the nighttime of minors on the streets, alleys or public places within its limits;

(iv) Prevent trespassing on public and private lands and in buildings in the municipality;

(G) Vice. Prevent vice and suppress gambling houses, houses of ill-fame and disorderly houses;

(H) Public health and safety. (i) Secure the safety of persons in or passing through the municipality by regulation of shows, processions, parades and music;

(ii) Regulate and prohibit the carrying on within the municipality of any trade, manufacture, business or profession which is, or may be, so carried on as to become prejudicial to public health, conducive to fraud and cheating, or dangerous to, or constituting an unreasonable annoyance to, those living or owning property in the vicinity;

(iii) Regulate auctions and garage and tag sales;

(iv) Prohibit, restrain, license and regulate the business of peddlers, auctioneers and junk dealers in a manner not inconsistent with the general statutes;

(v) Regulate and prohibit swimming or bathing in the public or exposed places within the municipality;

(vi) Regulate and license the operation of amusement parks and amusement arcades including, but not limited to, the regulation of mechanical rides and the establishment of the hours of operation;

(vii) Prohibit, restrain, license and regulate all sports, exhibitions, public amusements and performances and all places where games may be played;

(viii) Preserve the public peace and good order, prevent and quell riots and disorderly assemblages and prevent disturbing noises;

(ix) Establish a system to obtain a more accurate registration of births, marriages and deaths than the system provided by the general statutes in a manner not inconsistent with the general statutes;

(x) Control insect pests or plant diseases in any manner deemed appropriate;

(xi) Provide for the health of the inhabitants of the municipality and do all things necessary or desirable to secure and promote the public health;

(xii) Regulate the use of streets, sidewalks, highways, public places and grounds for public and private purposes;

(xiii) Make and enforce police, sanitary or other similar regulations and protect or promote the peace, safety, good government and welfare of the municipality and its inhabitants;

(xiv) Regulate, in addition to the requirements under section 7-282b, the installation, maintenance and operation of any device or equipment in a residence or place of business which is capable of automatically calling and relaying recorded emergency messages to any state police or municipal police or fire department telephone number or which is capable of automatically calling and relaying recorded emergency messages or other forms of emergency signals to an intermediate third party which shall thereafter call and relay such emergency messages to a state police or municipal police or fire department telephone number. Such regulations may provide for penalties for the transmittal of false alarms by such devices or equipment;

(xv) Make and enforce regulations for the prevention and remediation of housing blight or blight upon any commercial real property, including regulations reducing assessments and authorizing designated agents of the municipality to enter property during reasonable hours for the purpose of remediating blighted conditions, provided such regulations define blight and require such municipality to give written notice of any violation to the owner of the property and provide a reasonable opportunity for the owner to remediate the blighted conditions prior to any enforcement action being taken, except that a municipality may take immediate enforcement action in the case of a violation at a property that is the third or more such blight violation at such property during the prior twelve-month period, and further provided such regulations shall not authorize such municipality or its designated agents to enter any dwelling house or structure on such property, and including regulations establishing a duty to maintain property and specifying standards to determine if there is neglect; prescribe civil penalties for the violation of such regulations (I) for housing blight upon real property containing six or fewer dwelling units, of not more than one hundred fifty dollars for each day that a violation continues if such violation occurs at an occupied property, not more than two hundred fifty dollars for each day that a violation continues if such violation occurs at a vacant property, and not more than one thousand dollars for each day that a violation continues at a property if such violation is the third or more such violation at such property during the prior twelve-month period, (II) for housing blight upon real property containing more than six but fewer than forty dwelling units, not more than ten cents per square foot of each residential building upon such real property for each day that a violation continues, (III) for housing blight upon real property containing forty or more dwelling units, not more than twelve cents per square foot of each residential building upon such real property for each day that a violation continues, and (IV) for blight upon any commercial real property, not more than ten cents per square foot of any commercial building upon such real property for each day that a violation continues. If any such civil penalties are prescribed, such municipality shall adopt a citation hearing procedure in accordance with section 7-152c. For the sole purpose of determining if a violation is the third or more such violation at such property during the prior twelve-month period, “violation” means a violation of any municipal blight regulation for which the municipality has issued a notice of violation and either, in the determination of such municipality, the conditions creating such violation were previously cured or one hundred twenty days have passed from the notice of violation and the conditions creating such violation have not been cured. A third violation may also be established where three or more conditions constituting such violation exist at a property simultaneously;

(xvi) Regulate, on any property owned by or under the control of the municipality, any activity deemed to be deleterious to public health, including the burning of a lighted cigarette, cigar, pipe or similar device, whether containing, wholly or in part, tobacco or cannabis, as defined in section 21a-420, and the use or consumption of cannabis, including, but not limited to, electronic cannabis delivery systems, as defined in section 19a-342a, or vapor products, as defined in said section, containing cannabis. If the municipality's population is greater than fifty thousand, such regulations shall designate a place in the municipality in which public consumption of cannabis is permitted. Such regulations may prohibit the smoking of cannabis and the use of electronic cannabis delivery systems and vapor products containing cannabis in the outdoor sections of a restaurant. Such regulations may prescribe penalties for the violation of such regulations, provided such fine does not exceed fifty dollars for a violation of such regulations regarding consumption by an individual or a fine in excess of one thousand dollars to any business for a violation of such regulations;

(8) The environment. (A) Provide for the protection and improvement of the environment including, but not limited to, coastal areas, wetlands and areas adjacent to waterways in a manner not inconsistent with the general statutes;

(B) Regulate the location and removal of any offensive manure or other substance or dead animals through the streets of the municipality and provide for the disposal of same;

(C) Except where there exists a local zoning commission, regulate the filling of, or removal of, soil, loam, sand or gravel from land not in public use in the whole, or in specified districts of, the municipality, and provide for the reestablishment of ground level and protection of the area by suitable cover;

(D) Regulate the emission of smoke from any chimney, smokestack or other source within the limits of the municipality, and provide for proper heating of buildings within the municipality;

(9) Human rights. (A) Provide for fair housing;

(B) Adopt a code of prohibited discriminatory practices;

(10) Miscellaneous. (A) Make all lawful regulations and ordinances in furtherance of any general powers as enumerated in this section, and prescribe penalties for the violation of the same not to exceed two hundred fifty dollars, unless otherwise specifically provided by the general statutes. Such regulations and ordinances may be enforced by citations issued by designated municipal officers or employees, provided the regulations and ordinances have been designated specifically by the municipality for enforcement by citation in the same manner in which they were adopted and the designated municipal officers or employees issue a written warning providing notice of the specific violation before issuing the citation, except that no such written warning shall be required for violations of a municipal ordinance regulating the operation or use of a dirt bike, all-terrain vehicle or mini-motorcycle;

(B) Adopt a code of ethical conduct;

(C) Establish and maintain free legal aid bureaus;

(D) Perform data processing and related administrative computer services for a fee for another municipality;

(E) Adopt the model ordinance concerning a municipal freedom of information advisory board created under subsection (f) of section 1-205 and establish a municipal freedom of information advisory board as provided by said ordinance and said section;

(F) Protect the historic or architectural character of properties or districts that are listed on, or under consideration for listing on, the National Register of Historic Places, 16a USC 470, or the state register of historic places, as defined in section 10-410.

(1949 Rev., S. 619; 1953, 1955, S. 248d; 1957, P.A. 13, S. 7; 201; 354, S. 1; 1959, P.A. 359, S. 1; 1961, P.A. 187; 570; 1963, P.A. 434; 626; February, 1965, P.A. 582; 1967, P.A. 126; 805, S. 3; 830; 1969, P.A. 694, S. 20; 1971, P.A. 389, S. 1; 802, S. 1; P.A. 73-614, S. 2, 3; P.A. 75-178, S. 1, 2; P.A. 76-32; P.A. 78-331, S. 4, 58; P.A. 79-531, S. 1; 79-618, S. 1; P.A. 80-403, S. 7, 10; P.A. 81-219, S. 1, 3; P.A. 82-327, S. 5; P.A. 83-168, S. 3; 83-188, S. 1; 83-587, S. 78, 96; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-3, S. 1; P.A. 84-232, S. 1–3; P.A. 86-97, S. 2, 3; 86-229, S. 1, 2; P.A. 87-278, S. 1, 5; P.A. 88-213, S. 1, 2; 88-221, S. 1; P.A. 90-334, S. 1; P.A. 93-434, S. 18, 20; P.A. 95-7; 95-320; P.A. 97-199, S. 5; 97-320, S. 4, 11; June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-11, S. 62, 65; P.A. 98-188, S. 2; P.A. 99-129; 99-188, S. 3, 6; P.A. 00-136, S. 7, 10; P.A. 01-128, S. 1; P.A. 03-19, S. 19; P.A. 06-185, S. 7; P.A. 07-141, S. 4; P.A. 08-184, S. 34; P.A. 10-152, S. 7; P.A. 11-80, S. 122; P.A. 12-146, S. 2; P.A. 13-103, S. 1; 13-181, S. 1; P.A. 15-42, S. 9; 15-100, S. 1; P.A. 16-208, S. 3; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-1, S. 84; P.A. 23-33, S. 2; 23-207, S. 3; P.A. 24-143, S. 5.)

History: 1959 act authorized establishment and maintenance of parks, etc., “by a board, commission or otherwise”; 1961 acts deleted semicolon between the words “mobile home parks” and “and regulate the removal of soil, loam,” etc. and added provision regulations enacted by local zoning commission would have same effect as ordinance; 1963 acts added provision for improvement of waterfronts “by a board, commission or otherwise” and added power to enact ordinances re sewer and drainage systems and sewage disposal plants and entry on land to correct surface water flow; 1965 act authorized zoning commission to regulate the filling of land not in public use; 1967 acts added power to furnish ambulance service, deleted power to set poll hours for elections and added power to regulate loitering; 1969 act deleted power to set poll hours for electors' meetings and referenda; 1971 acts added power to fix hours of operation of amusement parks and arcades and to establish commission or board to protect and improve environment and deleted power to regulate building construction; P.A. 73-614 added power to regulate off-street parking available to public on private property; P.A. 75-178 added power to acquire and sell personal and real property for benefit of the municipality; P.A. 76-32 replaced power to regulate loitering on public property with broader power to regulate use of streets, sidewalks, etc.; P.A. 78-331 divided section into subsecs. and subdivs. and restored power to acquire and sell real and personal property which was inadvertently dropped in 1976 act; P.A. 79-531 added power to provide fair housing and to perform data processing services for other towns in Subsec. (a); P.A. 79-618 added power to adopt ethics code in Subsec. (a); P.A. 80-403 added power to adopt code of discriminatory practices in Subsec. (a); P.A. 81-219 reorganized the section and included powers previously reserved for charter towns under Sec. 7-194, effective October 1, 1982; P.A. 82-327 completed the revision of power begun by P.A. 81-219; P.A. 83-168 added power to regulate automatic calling devices, designated as Subsec. (c)(7)(H)(xiv); P.A. 83-188 made technical changes in Subdiv. (c)(5)(C); P.A. 83-587 substituted “7-282b” for “7-282a” in Subsec. (c)(7)(H)(xiv); June Sp. Sess. 83-3 changed term “mobile home” to “mobile manufactured home” in Subsec. (c)(7)(A)(iv); P.A. 84-232 amended Subsec. (c)(3) to include encouragement of private commercial development and amended Subsec. (c)(6)(C) to authorize grants of limited property or leasehold interests in streets and sidewalks to abutting property owners; P.A. 86-97 amended Subsec. (c)(5) to include authorization to establish pension systems for members of volunteer fire departments; P.A. 86-229 amended Subsec. (c)(2)(K) to include references to trust funds and to funds which do not lapse at the end of the municipal fiscal year and added Subsec. (c)(4)(I) re housing for those with low or moderate incomes; P.A. 87-278 added Subsec. (c)(5)(D) re appointment of municipal historians; P.A. 88-213 added provision in Subsec. (c)(7)(B) to allow municipalities to regulate and prohibit on-street residential neighborhood parking; P.A. 88-221 amended Subsec. (c)(10)(A) to provide that regulations and ordinances may be enforced by citations by designated municipal officers, provided the regulations and ordinances are so designated and the written warning is issued before issuance of citation; P.A. 90-334 added provision in Subsec. (c)(7)(H) to allow municipalities to make and enforce regulations preventing housing blight; P.A. 93-434 added provision in Subsec. (c)(2)(L) to allow municipalities to assign tax liens on real property, effective June 30, 1993; P.A. 95-7 amended Subsec. (c) (5) (A) to authorize municipalities to establish pensions for active members of volunteer ambulance associations; P.A. 95-320 amended Subsec. (c)(2)(B) to allow municipalities to withhold approval of building application when taxes are delinquent on the property; P.A. 97-199 amended Subsec. (b)(1) by adding “including community service for not more than twenty hours”; P.A. 97-320 amended Subsec. (c)(7)(H)(xv) to authorize blight ordinance to include provision re reduction of assessments, effective July 1, 1997; June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-11 changed effective date of P.A. 97-199 from October 1, 1997, to July 1, 1997, effective July 1, 1997; P.A. 98-188 added provision in Subsec. (c)(2)(B) re delinquent water or sewer rates, charges or assessments; P.A. 99-129 added provision in Subsec. (c)(7)(H) to allow municipalities to impose fines for violation of blight regulations; P.A. 99-188 amended Subsec. (c)(4)(C) to allow towns to purchase, own and operate sports franchises, effective June 23, 1999; P.A. 00-136 amended Subsec. (c)(10) to add new Subpara. (E) re municipal freedom of information advisory boards, effective July 1, 2000; P.A. 01-128 amended Subsec. (c)(7)(H)(xv) to authorize regulations to establish a duty to maintain property and to specify standards to determine neglect; P.A. 03-19 made a technical change in Subsec. (c)(7)(H)(xv), effective May 12, 2003; P.A. 06-185 amended Subsec. (c)(10)(A) to increase maximum penalty for violation of regulations and ordinances from $100 to $250; P.A. 07-141 amended Subsec. (c)(3)(A) to delete “or the encouragement of private commercial development” re power to take or acquire property, effective June 25, 2007, and applicable to property acquired on or after that date; P.A. 08-184 amended Subsec. (c)(7)(H) to add clause (xvi) re regulation on municipally owned property of any activity deemed to be deleterious to public health; P.A. 10-152 amended Subsec. (c)(7)(H)(xv) to authorize regulations for the remediation of housing blight, to provide that regulations may authorize designated agents of municipalities to enter property for purpose of remediating blighted conditions and to prohibit regulations from authorizing entry into dwelling house or structure on such property; P.A. 11-80 amended Subsec. (c)(6)(B) to add clause (v) re energy-savings performance contracts, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 12-146 amended Subsec. (c)(7)(H)(xv) by providing that regulations require municipality to give written notice of housing blight violation and reasonable opportunity to remediate blighted conditions and by changing “fines” to “civil penalties”; P.A. 13-103 amended Subsec. (c)(7)(D) by adding provision prohibiting adoption of breed-specific dog ordinances; P.A. 13-181 amended Subsec. (c)(10) by adding Subpara. (F) re protection of historic or architectural character of properties or districts; P.A. 15-42 amended Subsec. (c)(7)(B) to add clause (iii) re signs for towing or use of wheel-locking devices; P.A. 15-100 amended Subsec. (c)(10)(A) by exempting dirt bike and all-terrain vehicle ordinance violations from written warning requirement; P.A. 16-208 amended Subsec. (c)(10)(A) by adding reference to mini-motorcycle in provision re exception to written warning requirement; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-1 amended Subsec. (c)(H)(xvi) by adding “or under the control of”, replacing “lighting or carrying” with “burning” and adding provisions re cannabis, electronic cannabis delivery systems and vapor products containing cannabis and authorization for fine of up to $50 for individual or $1,000 for business violations of regulations; P.A. 23-33 amended Subsec. (c)(7)(H) to allow municipalities to adopt blight ordinances re commercial real property, to take immediate enforcement action for certain blight violations and increase maximum fines for certain blight violations; P.A. 23-207 amended Subsec. (c)(7)(A) to allow municipalities to establish civil penalties for violations of ordinances concerning safe and sanitary housing; P.A. 24-143 amended Subsec. (c)(7)(H)(xv) by adding provisions re fines for blight violations based on square footage of certain structures as subclauses (I) to (IV) and making conforming and technical changes.

See Sec. 7-148ff re ordinances imposing special assessment on blighted housing.

See Sec. 14-390 re ordinance on operation and use of snowmobiles and all-terrain vehicles.

See Sec. 14-390m re ordinance on operation and use of dirt bikes and mini-motorcycles and applicable definitions.

See Sec. 29-265b re ordinance requiring rain sensor devices on automatic lawn sprinkler systems.

For constitutionality, see 95 C. 365. Cited. 102 C. 228. Vote to change compensation of town officers under section discussed. 103 C. 424, see also 104 C. 255. Grant of power to enact ordinances ordinarily implies power to repeal them. 118 C. 11. Cited. 119 C. 603. State delegated power to make traffic rules applying to all vehicles alike, but retained special power to regulate motor vehicles with specific exceptions noted in Sec. 14-162. 125 C. 501; 135 C. 71. Cited. 129 C. 109; 133 C. 29; 135 C. 421. “Regulate” does not so much imply creating a new thing as arranging and controlling that which already exists. 143 C. 152. Confers necessary power to adopt legislation regulating auctions. Id., 698. Ordinance imposing time limitations on the occupancy of land by trailers and mobile homes held constitutional. 146 C. 697. Constitutionality of ordinance licensing and regulating trailer and mobile home parks discussed; towns without zoning authorities should have power to deal with trailers and mobile homes not only in matters narrowly concerned with public health and safety but in matters concerned with economic and esthetic considerations which can affect public welfare; if ordinance which is police measure imposes a fee, such fee must be reasonably proportionate to cost of administering and enforcing the ordinance. Id., 720. Power to adopt rent control not within general delegation of police power. 147 C. 60. If charter empowers legislative body of municipality to adopt and amend its own rules of order in exercising certain legislative functions, such body need not act by ordinance or resolution. 148 C. 33. Cited. Id., 233. Attempt by common council to establish law department by ordinance ineffective where charter provisions were inconsistent with the exercise of such power. 152 C. 287; Id., 318; 158 C. 100. Cited. 166 C. 376; 181 C. 114; 183 C. 495; 203 C. 267; 227 C. 363; 234 C. 513, 538.

Cited. 1 CA 505; 13 CA 1; 17 CA 17; judgment reversed, see 212 C. 570.

Town limited in authority where city or borough has duplicate power. 14 CS 258. Test for powers by implication is necessity not convenience. 15 CS 344. Cited. 20 CS 464. Omission of any direct mention of a mobile home park as a permitted use of land anywhere in a town does not render zoning law void or unconstitutional. 21 CS 275. Town may regulate garbage disposal business; it cannot prohibit it; ordinance prohibiting transportation into a town of garbage from any other town held void. Id., 347. Zoning regulation requiring permit for commercial removal of sand and gravel not taking of property without due process; proper exercise of police power. 25 CS 125. Does not permit adoption of original “special event” ordinance. 29 CS 48. Cited. 36 CS 74.

Cited as authority for municipality to establish monetary fine for violation of housing code. 4 Conn. Cir. Ct. 244.

Subsec. (c):

Cited. 192 C. 399; 195 C. 524; 201 C. 700; 203 C. 14; 208 C. 543; 212 C. 147; 217 C. 447; 237 C. 135. Subdiv. (7)(H)(xi): Ordinance banning all cigarette vending machines was valid exercise of town's police power, and legislative enactment of Sec. 12-289a was intended to ensure that municipalities remained free to decide if local conditions warranted additional regulation of cigarette vending machines, up to and including an outright ban. 256 C. 105. In Subdiv. (1)(A), general power to sue and be sued does not mean that municipality may bring suit that it otherwise would have no standing to bring; in Subdiv. (7)(H)(xi), general power to protect health and welfare of municipal inhabitants does not mean that municipality may bring suit with that aim that it otherwise would have no standing to bring. 258 C. 313. “Public improvement”, as used in Subdiv. (6)(A)(iii), is not limited to projects that either already exist or have been approved and funded by municipality; accordingly, Subdiv. (6)(A)(iii) includes within its ambit studies intended to determine feasibility of a particular project. 274 C. 483. The grant of police powers to municipalities under section is sufficiently broad to encompass the power to require licensing and inspections of residential rental real estate. 288 C. 181. Although statutes confer on municipalities the power to control streets and to regulate traffic in order to prevent unsafe traffic conditions, under present facts, town's closure of road to prevent access from subdivision in adjoining town was inconsistent with statutes governing review of subdivision applications. 295 C. 802.

Cited. 4 CA 261; 10 CA 209; 29 CA 207. Provision enabling municipality to adopt an ordinance providing for the furnishing of water did not authorize planning commission to adopt subdivision regulations that address issues re water supply and water main extensions in a proposed subdivision. 114 CA 509.

Cited. 37 CS 124; 44 CS 389.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-310

Sec. 7-310a. Municipal and volunteer fire department fire apparatus inspection, maintenance and testing requirements. Each municipal and volunteer fire department shall maintain (1) the pump and aerial components of such department's fire apparatus in compliance with the inspection, maintenance and testing requirements of standard 1911 of the National Fire Protection Association, and (2) such fire department's apparatus in compliance with the requirements of 49 CFR 393, Subparts A to E, inclusive, G and J, as amended from time to time, 49 CFR 396.1 to 396.25, inclusive, as amended from time to time, and 49 CFR Chapter III, Subchapter B, Appendix G, as amended from time to time.

(P.A. 17-175, S. 1.)

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-312.

Sec. 7-312. Liability as to use of water holes. Any municipality, as defined in section 7-314, or any property owner on behalf of any such municipality, may construct or maintain open water holes for the purpose of providing fire protection for such municipality, and no such municipality or property owner shall incur any liability as a result of injury to any person arising out of the maintenance of such water hole, provided such water hole has been approved by the fire-fighting organization and the municipality within whose jurisdiction such water hole is situated and provided such approval has been communicated, in writing, to the property owner on whose premises such water hole is situated.

(1953, S. 268d.)

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 8-242.

Sec. 8-242. Declaration of policy. It is found and declared that there exists in the state and will exist in the future a serious shortage of housing for low and moderate income families and persons; that this shortage has contributed and will contribute to the persistence of slums and blight and will tend to perpetuate the concentration of families and persons of low and moderate income in the older urban areas of the state; and that this shortage has been a major contributing factor to the deterioration in the quality of environment and living conditions of large numbers of the citizens of Connecticut. It is further found and declared that it is imperative that the cost of mortgage financing, a major factor materially affecting the supply and cost of housing, be made lower in order to encourage the development and reduce the cost of housing for low and moderate income families and persons, that the supply of housing for families and persons displaced by public action or disaster be increased, and that private enterprise and public agencies be encouraged and assisted to build and rehabilitate well planned, well designed housing which will be made available to house families and persons of low and moderate income and will prevent the recurrence of slums and blight. It is further found and declared that there exists a serious lack of construction and permanent financing for housing proposed to be constructed, rehabilitated, purchased and refinanced pursuant to government-insured mortgage programs and with government subsidies for low and moderate income families and persons, and that this lack of construction and permanent financing will severely limit the growth in the supply of housing for such families and persons. It is further found and declared that there exists a serious shortage of low interest rate financing available to low and moderate income families and persons for the purchase or rehabilitation of existing dwelling units. It is therefore found and declared that providing state financial assistance for housing for low and moderate income families and persons through the making and purchase of mortgages on such housing located in this state and the undertaking of the other financing arrangements set forth in this chapter to meet the aforesaid needs and achieve the foregoing objectives, including mortgage loans to families and persons of low and moderate income for the purchase of existing dwelling units, are public purposes and purposes for which public money may be expended for the public benefit and good. It is further found and declared that in order to provide housing for families and persons of lower income than the Connecticut Housing Financing Authority can presently assist, it shall be a public purpose of the authority to invest a portion of its funds in mortgage or mortgage-backed securities at the maximum yield obtainable and to apply the income from such investments to reduce the interest rate charged on housing for low and moderate income persons and families and other mortgagees. It is further found and declared that municipalities in the state with a population in excess of seventy-five thousand or with population densities of three thousand five hundred per square mile of physically accessible land area as determined by or predicated upon the 1970 United States Census have, owing to their large size and long establishment as urban areas, urban problems that are not as pervasive nor of similar magnitude in municipalities of a smaller size and that this fact justifies limiting the provisions of subsection (34) of section 8-250, subsection (b) of section 8-251 and subdivision (4) of subsection (a) of section 8-258 to those municipalities of a population hereinbefore stated. It is further found and declared that there exists in such urban areas a critical and growing need to maintain and to encourage a proper balance of housing, industrial, commercial and community and recreational facilities and to restore urban areas as desirable places for persons of all income levels to live, work, shop and enjoy the amenities of town living and meeting, traditional to the state. It is recognized that a sufficient number of attractive sites for housing exist in the state elsewhere than in urban areas, that, during certain periods in recent times, private mortgage financing at acceptable rates has been and may continue to be more readily available elsewhere than in urban areas and that the superficial economics of housing elsewhere than in urban areas has been and will continue to be an incentive for citizens of the state to abandon their homes in urban areas or continue to live elsewhere; however, it is found and declared that the state has a major investment in insuring that urban areas do not further deteriorate because the cost (1) of accommodating continued development elsewhere than in urban areas, in terms of additional fire protection, sewer, water, education and energy requirements, of additional construction and maintenance of highways and transportation facilities, of the additional destruction of natural areas of the state, of the additional administrative and governmental requirements that result as underdeveloped areas grow in population and of such other similar public improvements and services that government is required to finance as a result thereof and (2) of redeveloping the urban areas, of the inefficient and underuse of the public facilities and services presently available in the urban areas and of the increased expense of providing safety for persons continuing to reside in deteriorating areas, is and will continue to be an undue burden on the state, adversely affecting the health, welfare, safety and general prosperity of the citizens of the state. It is further recognized that since the late nineteen-forties providing housing for low and moderate income persons and the redevelopment of urban areas has been the subject matter of government action and assistance in this state and that such action and assistance must continue; however, experience has shown that balanced community development has the best chance of improving the urban areas and that the proliferation of suburban sprawl is detrimental to the state, to its natural resources and to all of its inhabitants. It is further recognized that the conditions in certain parts of urban areas have caused the mortgage lenders to refuse to risk their capital on attractive housing even to persons able to afford such housing without assistance. It is further found, as more particularly set forth in the plan of conservation and development for Connecticut that the declared policy of the state is to discourage the development of areas which remain in their natural state and to encourage the further development and revitalization of the other areas of the state. It is therefore found and declared that in order to encourage the development of a balanced community of all income levels in the urban areas it is necessary and appropriate that mortgage financing for construction, reconstruction, purchase and refinancing of housing in urban areas for all levels of income more readily be made available. It is further found and declared that the erosion in the value of one, two or three-family homes due to the decline of economic conditions in the state has precluded the refinancing of mortgages on such property in a manner that could increase homeowner disposable income and contribute to the general economic recovery of the state and that it is beneficial and in the public interest that the state extend mortgage guarantees to mortgage lending institutions to provide refinancing mortgage loans when the decline of home values has precluded such lending. It is further found that energy costs of operating residential buildings have increased greatly in recent years creating a severe economic burden for families and persons of low and moderate income and making it difficult for such persons to afford basic housing needs; and that it is highly probable such energy costs will continue to increase rapidly in the future. It is therefore found and declared to be in the public interest and for the public benefit and good to protect Connecticut residents from further increases in energy costs by providing state financial assistance for the purchase, construction and installation in new and existing buildings of energy conservation measures and renewable energy systems providing space heating or cooling, domestic hot water, electricity or other useful energy. To achieve such purposes for the foregoing reasons, the General Assembly determines that the Connecticut Housing Finance Authority should be provided with the additional powers set forth in subsections (34) and (36) of section 8-250, subsection (b) of section 8-251 and subdivision (4) of subsection (a) of section 8-258 and that the expenditure of public moneys therefor constitutes a serving of a needed public purpose and is in the public interest. It is further found and declared that there continues to exist in the state and will exist in the future a serious shortage of housing; that federal programs providing subsidies for housing of low and moderate income persons and families are being curtailed or eliminated; that federal legislation has limited and restricted the ability of the Connecticut Housing Finance Authority to issue obligations, the interest on which is exempt from federal income taxation, to finance housing for low and moderate income persons and families and in urban areas; that it is imperative for the state to continue to create and maintain a climate conducive to attract investment in multifamily housing in the state and that the Connecticut Housing Finance Authority has demonstrated its capability for raising funds for such purpose. To achieve the purpose of continuing to attract such investment and to continue housing finance programs for shelter for its inhabitants, the General Assembly determines that the issuance of the obligations authorized pursuant to subsection (o) of section 8-252 and the expenditure of the proceeds thereof constitutes a serving of a needed public purpose and is in the public interest. It is further found and declared that the high cost of housing in the state, relative to the cost of housing in other states, is a significant impediment to the promotion and maintenance of economic development in the state and it is imperative that such competitive disadvantage be moderated to the extent possible through employer-assisted housing efforts or other means.

(1969, P.A. 795, S. 2; 1972, P.A. 208, S. 1; P.A. 74-104, S. 1, 12; P.A. 75-465, S. 1, 7; P.A. 76-13, S. 1, 7; 76-118, S. 1, 6; 76-435, S. 18, 82; P.A. 79-578, S. 1, 3; P.A. 82-393, S. 1, 3; P.A. 83-587, S. 9, 96; P.A. 93-248, S. 1; 93-308, S. 1, 12; 93-435, S. 94, 95; P.A. 96-180, S. 9, 166.)

History: 1972 act expanded policy statement to provide for lowering cost of mortgage financing and for encouragement of construction of housing units for low and moderate-income families; P.A. 74-104 added specific provision concerning low interest rate financing for purchase of existing dwellings; P.A. 75-465 added provision for use of investment income to finance housing for those “of lower income than the Connecticut housing finance authority can presently assist”; P.A. 76-13 included financing for rehabilitation of existing dwelling units; P.A. 76-118 greatly expanded section to include provisions specifically relating to urban municipalities; P.A. 76-435 made technical changes; P.A. 79-578 added provisions concerning financial assistance for energy conservation measures; P.A. 82-393 added language concerning the issuance of taxable obligations; P.A. 83-587 made technical changes; P.A. 93-248 added specific provision concerning employer-assisted housing; P.A. 93-308 added provision re residential mortgage refinancing guarantees, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 93-435 changed effective date of P.A. 93-308 from July 1, 1993, to June 9, 1993, effective June 28, 1993; P.A. 96-180 made technical changes in references to Sec. 8-258, effective June 3, 1996.

Broad provisions of statute cannot be interpreted to eliminate authority under Sec. 8-253a(1) to grant or withhold consent to prepayment of loan because an affordable housing developer may obtain a more favorable mortgage rate from a private lender. 281 C. 277.

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The law belongs to the people. Georgia v. Public.Resource.Org, 590 U.S. (2020)