Connecticut Swimming Pool Licensing Law

Connecticut Code · 12 sections

The following is the full text of Connecticut’s swimming pool licensing law statutes as published in the Connecticut Code. For the official version, see the Connecticut Legislature.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 12-540.

Sec. 12-540. Definitions. Whenever used in this chapter:

(1) “Person” means and includes any individual, firm, copartnership, joint venture, association of persons however formed, social club, fraternal organization, corporation, limited liability company, estate, trust, fiduciary, receiver, trustee, syndicate, the United States, this state or any political subdivision thereof or any group or combination acting as a unit, and any other individual or officer acting under the authority of any court in this state;

(2) “Taxpayer” means any person as defined in subdivision (1) of this section who is subject to any tax imposed by this chapter;

(3) “Admission charge” means the amount paid, whether in the form of a ticket price, license fee, skybox, luxury suite or club seat rental charge or purchase price, or otherwise, for the right or privilege to have access to a place or location where amusement, entertainment or recreation is provided, exclusive of any charges for instruction, and including any preferred seat license fee or any other payment required in order to have the right to purchase seats or secure admission to any such place or location. Places of amusement, entertainment or recreation include, but are not limited to, theaters, motion picture shows, auditoriums where lectures and concerts are given, amusement parks, fairgrounds, race tracks, dance halls, ball parks, stadiums, amphitheaters, convention centers, golf courses, miniature golf courses, tennis courts, skating rinks, swimming pools, bathing beaches, gymnasiums, auto shows, boat shows, camping shows, home shows, dog shows and antique shows;

(4) “Dues” shall include assessment charges to members irrespective of the purpose for which made and any charges for social, athletic or sporting privileges or facilities for any period of more than six days but not including charges made for instruction, charges for locker rental or charges for special assessments made (A) for the construction or reconstruction of any social, athletic or sporting facility or any increase in charges made after June 29, 1999, which increase is to be used for the acquisition of land provided such land is “farm land”, “open space land” or “forest land”, as defined in section 12-107b, and further provided that an application or applications pursuant to section 12-107c, 12-107d or 12-107e are made for the assessment list next following the acquisition of such land, or (B) for the construction or reconstruction of any capital addition to any such facility, or (C) furnishings or fixtures, including installation charges, for any such facility, to the extent that such furnishings or fixtures are required, by reason of the construction or reconstruction described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of this subdivision, for the use of such facility upon completion of such construction or reconstruction; except that, in the case of any such amount which is not expended for such construction, reconstruction, furnishings or fixtures, including installation charges, within three years after the date of payment of such amount, the exemption provided by this subdivision shall cease to apply upon the expiration of such three-year period, and the club shall be liable for any tax imposed by section 12-543 in respect of such payment, as if such payment had been made on the first day following the expiration of such three-year period;

(5) “Initiation fees” shall include any payment, contribution or loan required as a condition precedent to membership whether or not any such payment, contribution or loan is evidenced by a certificate of interest or indebtedness or share of stock;

(6) “Operating under a lodge system” means carrying on activities under a form of organization that comprises local branches, chartered by a parent organization and largely selfgoverning, called “lodges”, “chapters” or any similar title;

(7) “Club” means any organization which is either owned or operated by its members, or both.

(1971, P.A. 837, S. 1; 1972, P.A. 88, S. 1; P.A. 75-473, S. 1–3, 6; P.A. 77-434, S. 1, 2; P.A. 82-45, S. 1, 4; P.A. 95-79, S. 34, 189; P.A. 98-244, S. 24, 35; Dec. Sp. Sess. P.A. 98-1, S. 32, 43; P.A. 99-173, S. 49, 65; 99-235, S. 3, 7; P.A. 00-174, S. 19, 83; 00-230, S. 8.)

History: 1972 act excluded from definition of “cabaret” places where a single instrumental performer plays music; P.A. 75-473 deleted from definition of “admission charge” reference to health clubs and specifically excluded charges for instruction, amended definition of “dues” to clarify that instruction charges not included and defined “club” in new Subsec. (8); P.A. 77-434 deleted word “instrumental” with reference to performers in definition of “cabaret”, thereby excluding places where single singer or instrumentalist performs; P.A. 82-45 amended the list of charges not includable in “dues” for purposes of tax on dues, eliminating as redundant the reference to charges for “capital improvements of” facilities; P.A. 95-79 redefined “person” to include a limited liability company, effective May 31, 1995; P.A. 98-244 redefined “cabaret or other similar place” to exclude karaoke alone and any room in a restaurant with only a restaurant permit for beer or beer and wine, effective June 8, 1998, and applicable to sales occurring on or after October 1, 1998; Dec. Sp. Sess. P.A. 98-1 amended Subdiv. (3) to clarify form of amount paid, to include preferred seat license fee and to add stadiums, amphitheaters and convention centers to the list of places of amusement, entertainment or recreation, effective January 12, 1999; P.A. 99-173 deleted former Subdiv. (4) re definition of “cabaret or other similar place”, renumbering remaining Subdivs. accordingly, and amended redesignated Subdiv. (4) re definition of “dues” to add provisions re acquisition of farm land, open space land or forest land and re application pursuant to Sec. 12-107c, 12-107d or 12-107e, effective June 23, 1999, and applicable to sales occurring on or after July 1, 1999; P.A. 99-235 amended Subdiv. (4) to provide that the exclusion from the definition of “dues” for assessment charges for acquisition of farm land, forest land or open space land applies to increases in charges after June 29, 1999, effective June 29, 1999; P.A. 00-174 amended Subdiv. (4) to exclude locker rental charges from the definition of “dues”, effective October 1, 2000, and applicable to charges made on or after that date; P.A. 00-230 made technical changes in Subdivs. (2) and (4).

Optional rental fee for car heater at outdoor theater was not part of admission charge. 170 C. 172. Payment of charges for boarding horses by members of riding club did not constitute “dues” as defined in section. 175 C. 90. Payments for membership certificates are included in definition of “initiation fees”. 180 C. 5. Because lounge provided dancing privileges, exception in section does not preclude taxation. 231 C. 355.

Cited. 43 CS 135.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 20-330.

Sec. 20-330. Definitions. As used in this chapter:

(1) “Contractor” means any person regularly offering to the general public services of such person or such person's employees in the field of electrical work, plumbing and piping work, solar work, heating, piping, cooling and sheet metal work, fire protection sprinkler systems work, elevator installation, repair and maintenance work, irrigation work, automotive glass work or flat glass work, as defined in this section;

(2) “Electrical work” means the installation, erection, maintenance, inspection, testing, alteration or repair of any wire, cable, conduit, busway, raceway, support, insulator, conductor, appliance, apparatus, fixture or equipment that generates, transforms, transmits or uses electrical energy for light, heat, power or other purposes, but does not include low voltage wiring, not exceeding twenty-four volts, used within a lawn sprinkler system;

(3) “Plumbing and piping work” means the installation, repair, replacement, alteration, maintenance, inspection or testing of gas, water and associated fixtures, tubing and piping mains and branch lines up to and including the closest valve to a machine or equipment used in the manufacturing process, laboratory equipment, sanitary equipment, other than subsurface sewage disposal systems, fire prevention apparatus, all water systems for human usage, sewage treatment facilities and all associated fittings within a building and includes lateral storm and sanitary lines from buildings to the mains, process piping, swimming pools and pumping equipment, and includes making connections to back flow prevention devices, and includes low voltage wiring, not exceeding twenty-four volts, used within a lawn sprinkler system, but does not include (A) solar thermal work performed pursuant to a certificate held as provided in section 20-334g, except for the repair of those portions of a solar hot water heating system that include the basic domestic hot water tank and the tie-in to the potable water system, (B) the installation, repair, replacement, alteration, maintenance, inspection or testing of fire prevention apparatus within a structure, except for standpipes that are not connected to sprinkler systems, (C) medical gas and vacuum systems work, and (D) millwright work. For the purposes of this subdivision, “process piping” means piping or tubing that conveys liquid or gas that is used directly in the production of a chemical or a product for human consumption;

(4) “Solar thermal work” means the installation, erection, repair, replacement, alteration, maintenance, inspection or testing of active, passive and hybrid solar systems that directly convert ambient energy into heat or convey, store or distribute such ambient energy;

(5) “Heating, piping and cooling work” means (A) the installation, repair, replacement, maintenance, inspection, testing or alteration of any apparatus for piping, appliances, devices or accessories for heating systems, including sheet metal work, (B) the installation, repair, replacement, maintenance, inspection, testing or alteration of air conditioning and refrigeration systems, boilers, including apparatus and piping for the generation or conveyance of steam and associated pumping equipment and process piping and the installation of tubing and piping mains and branch lines up to and including the closest valve to a machine or equipment used in the manufacturing process and onsite testing and balancing of hydronic, steam and combustion air, but excluding millwright work, and (C) on-site operation, by manipulating, adjusting or controlling, with sufficient technical knowledge, as determined by the commissioner, (i) heating systems with a steam or water boiler maximum operating pressure of fifteen pounds per square inch gauge or greater, or (ii) air conditioning or refrigeration systems with an aggregate of more than fifty horsepower or kilowatt equivalency of fifty horsepower or of two hundred pounds of refrigerant. Heating, piping and cooling work does not include solar thermal work performed pursuant to a certificate held as provided in section 20-334g, or medical gas and vacuum systems work or the passive monitoring of heating, air conditioning or refrigeration systems. For the purposes of this subdivision, “process piping” means piping or tubing that conveys liquid or gas that is used directly in the production of a chemical or a product for human consumption;

(6) “Apprentice” means any person registered with the Labor Department for the purpose of learning a skilled trade;

(7) “Elevator installation, repair and maintenance work” means the installation, erection, maintenance, inspection, testing and repair of all types of elevators, dumb waiters, escalators, and moving walks and all mechanical equipment, fittings, associated piping and wiring from a source of supply brought to the equipment room by an unlimited electrical contractor for all types of machines used to hoist or convey persons or materials, but does not include temporary hoisting machines used for hoisting materials in connection with any construction job or project, provided “elevator inspection” includes the visual examination of an elevator system or portion of a system, with or without the disassembly or removal of component parts;

(8) “Elevator maintenance” means the lubrication, inspection, testing and replacement of controls, hoist way and car parts;

(9) “Fire protection sprinkler systems work” means the layout, on-site fabrication, installation, alteration, maintenance, inspection, testing or repair of any automatic or manual sprinkler system designed for the protection of the interior or exterior of a building or structure from fire, or any piping or tubing and appurtenances and equipment pertaining to such system including overhead and underground water mains, fire hydrants and hydrant mains, standpipes and hose connections to sprinkler systems, sprinkler tank heaters excluding electrical wiring, air lines and thermal systems used in connection with sprinkler and alarm systems connected thereto, foam extinguishing systems or special hazard systems including water spray, foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical systems, halon and other liquid or gas fire suppression systems, but does not include (A) any engineering design work connected with the layout of fire protection sprinkler systems, or (B) any work performed by employees of or contractors hired by a public water system, as defined in subsection (a) of section 25-33d;

(10) “State Fire Marshal” means the State Fire Marshal appointed by the Commissioner of Administrative Services;

(11) “Journeyman sprinkler fitter” means a specialized pipe fitter craftsman, experienced and skilled in the installation, alteration, maintenance and repair of fire protection sprinkler systems;

(12) “Irrigation work” means making the connections to and the inspection and testing of back flow prevention devices, and low voltage wiring, not exceeding twenty-four volts, used within a lawn sprinkler system;

(13) “Sheet metal work” means the onsite layout, installation, erection, replacement, repair or alteration, including, but not limited to, onsite testing and balancing of related life safety components, environmental air, heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems by manipulating, adjusting or controlling such systems for optimum balance performance of any duct work system, ferrous, nonferrous or other material for ductwork systems, components, devices, air louvers or accessories, in accordance with the State Building Code;

(14) “Journeyman sheet metal worker” means an experienced craftsman skilled in the installation, erection, replacement, repair or alteration of duct work systems, both ferrous and nonferrous;

(15) “Automotive glass work” means installing, maintaining or repairing fixed glass in motor vehicles;

(16) “Flat glass work” means installing, maintaining or repairing glass in residential or commercial structures;

(17) “Medical gas and vacuum systems work” means the work and practice, materials, instrumentation and fixtures used in the construction, installation, alteration, extension, removal, repair, maintenance, inspection, testing or renovation of gas and vacuum systems and equipment used solely to transport gases for medical purposes and to remove liquids, air-gases or solids from such systems;

(18) “Solar electricity work” means the installation, erection, repair, replacement, alteration, maintenance, inspection and testing of photovoltaic or wind generation equipment used to distribute or store ambient energy for heat, light, power or other purposes to a point immediately inside any structure or adjacent to an end use;

(19) “Active solar system” means a system that uses an external source of energy to power a motor-driven fan or pump to force the circulation of a fluid through solar heat collectors and which removes the sun's heat from the collectors and transports such heat to a location where it may be used or stored;

(20) “Passive solar system” means a system that is capable of collecting or storing the sun's energy as heat without the use of a motor-driven fan or pump;

(21) “Hybrid solar system” means a system that contains components of both an active solar system and a passive solar system;

(22) “Gas hearth product work” means the installation, service, inspection, testing or repair of a propane or natural gas fired fireplace, fireplace insert, stove or log set and associated venting and piping that simulates a flame of a solid fuel fire. “Gas hearth product work” does not include (A) fuel piping work, (B) the servicing of fuel piping, or (C) work associated with pressure regulating devices, except for appliances gas valves;

(23) “Millwright work” means the installation, repair, replacement, maintenance or alteration, including the inspection and testing, of (A) power generation machinery, or (B) industrial machinery, including the related interconnection of piping and tubing used in the manufacturing process, but does not include the performance of any action for which licensure is required under this chapter;

(24) “Inspection” means the examination of a system or portion of a system, involving the disassembly or removal of component parts of the system;

(25) “Testing” means to determine the status of a system as intended for its use, with or without the disassembly of component parts of the system, by the use of testing and measurement instruments;

(26) “Owner” means a person who owns or resides in a residential property and includes any agent thereof, including, but not limited to, a condominium association. An owner of a residential property is not required to reside in such residential property to be deemed an owner under this subdivision;

(27) “Person” means an individual, partnership, limited liability company or corporation; and

(28) “Residential property” means a single family dwelling, a multifamily dwelling consisting of not more than six units, or a unit, common element or limited common element in a condominium, as defined in section 47-68a, or in a common interest community, as defined in section 47-202, or any number of condominium units for which a condominium association acts as an agent for the unit owners.

(February, 1965, P.A. 493, S. 1; 1967, P.A. 789, S. 1; P.A. 74-341, S. 15, 16; P.A. 82-312, S. 3, 4; 82-439, S. 1, 7; 82-472, S. 89, 183; P.A. 83-426, S. 1; P.A. 87-588, S. 2, 8; P.A. 90-194, S. 1; P.A. 98-3, S. 23; P.A. 99-170, S. 1; 99-253, S. 1; P.A. 00-128, S. 1, 3; P.A. 02-27, S. 1; 02-92, S. 1; P.A. 03-83, S. 1, 2; P.A. 05-88, S. 1; 05-211, S. 1; P.A. 06-157, S. 2; P.A. 07-183, S. 1; P.A. 09-153, S. 3; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-8, S. 31; P.A. 11-51, S. 93; P.A. 13-247, S. 200; P.A. 17-77, S. 10; P.A. 19-177, S. 9; P.A. 21-37, S. 22.)

History: 1967 act redesignated plumbing work as plumbing and piping work and redefined same, redesignated steamfitting work as heating, piping and cooling work and redefined same, included as contractors persons doing elevator installation and maintenance as well as repair work and expanded former definition for elevator repair-work, added definitions for elevator maintenance and apprentice, rearranged statute to delete definitions for electrician, plumber, steamfitter and elevator repairman and deleted definition for journeyman; P.A. 74-341 redefined “plumbing and piping work” to specifically exclude subsurface sewage disposal systems; P.A. 82-312 included in definition of “plumbing and piping work” repair of portions of solar hot water heating system which include domestic hot water tank and tie-in to potable water system, effective October 1, 1983; P.A. 82-439 added definition for “solar work” and, on and after April 1, 1984, excluded solar work from definitions of “plumbing and piping work” and “heating, piping and cooling work”, effective October 1, 1983; P.A. 82-472 subdivided the section; P.A. 83-426 changed from April 1, 1984, to July 1, 1984, date from which “solar work” excluded from definitions of “plumbing and piping work” and “heating, piping and cooling work”; P.A. 87-588 redefined “contractor” to include persons engaged in the field of fire protection sprinkler systems, redefined “plumbing and piping work” to exclude work on fire prevention apparatus within a structure, except for standpipes which are not connected to sprinkler systems, redefined “apprentice” and added Subdivs. (9), (10) and (11) defining “fire protection sprinkler systems work”, “state fire marshal” and “journeymen sprinkler fitter”, respectively, effective July 1, 1988; P.A. 90-194 defined “irrigation work” and redefined “contractor”, “electrical work” and “plumbing and piping work” to include or exclude irrigation, as the case may be; (Revisor's note: In 1997 the reference in Subdiv. (10) to “state police department” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Division of State Police”); P.A. 98-3 made technical changes; P.A. 99-170 made technical and gender neutral changes, redefined “contractor” to include automotive glass and flat glass workers, and added new Subdivs. defining “automotive glass work” and “flat glass work”; P.A. 99-253 made gender neutral and technical changes, redefined “contractor” to include sheet metal workers, and added new Subdivs. defining “sheet metal work” and “journeyman sheet metal worker”; P.A. 00-128 redefined “heating, piping and cooling work” in Subdiv. (5) to include sheet metal work and to make technical changes, effective May 26, 2000; P.A. 02-27 redefined “fire protection sprinkler systems work” in Subdiv. (9) to include “maintenance” of any sprinkler system and related equipment; P.A. 02-92 redefined “plumbing and piping work” and “heating, piping and cooling work” in Subdivs. (3) and (5), respectively, to exclude medical gas and vacuum systems work and added Subdiv. (17) defining “medical gas and vacuum systems work”, effective July 1, 2003 (Revisor's note: In Subdiv. (5) the new reference to “... or medical gas and vacuum systems;” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “... or medical gas and vacuum systems work;” for consistency); P.A. 03-83 added “process piping” to the definition of “plumbing and piping work” in Subdiv. (3) and the definition of “heating, piping and cooling work” in Subdiv. (5) and defined the term in both Subdivs.; P.A. 05-88 amended Subdivs. (3) and (5) to include piping or tubing that conveys liquid or gas that is used directly in the production of a chemical in the definition of “process piping”; P.A. 05-211 deleted definition of “solar work” and defined “solar thermal work”, “solar electricity work”, “active solar system”, “passive solar system” and “hybrid solar system”; P.A. 06-157 defined “gas hearth product work”; P.A. 07-183 redefined “heating, piping and cooling work” in Subdiv. (5) to include on-site operation of heating systems with steam or water boiler maximum operating pressure of 15 pounds per square inch gauge or greater, or air conditioning or refrigeration systems with aggregate of more than 50 horsepower or kilowatt equivalency of 50 horsepower or of 200 pounds of refrigerant and to exclude the passive monitoring of heating, air conditioning or refrigeration systems, effective July 1, 2007; P.A. 09-153 redefined “plumbing and piping work” in Subdiv. (3) and “heating, piping and cooling work” in Subdiv. (5) and added Subdiv. (23) defining “millwright work”; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-8 amended Subdivs. (3) and (5) by changing “solar work” to “solar thermal work” and adding provisions re such work performed pursuant to certificate held as provided in Sec. 20-334g, effective October 5, 2009; P.A. 11-51 redefined “State Fire Marshal” in Subdiv. (10), effective July 1, 2011; pursuant to P.A. 13-247, “Commissioner of Construction Services” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Administrative Services” in Subdiv. (10), effective July 1, 2013; P.A. 17-77 redefined “sheet metal work” in Subdiv. (13); P.A. 19-177 amended Subdiv. (2) by redefining “electrical work”, amended Subdiv. (3) by redefining “plumbing and piping work”, amended Subdiv. (4) by redefining “solar thermal work”, amended Subdiv. (5) by redefining “heating, piping and cooling work”, amended Subdiv. (7) by redefining “elevator installation, repair and maintenance work”, amended Subdiv. (8) by redefining “elevator maintenance”, amended Subdiv. (9) by redefining “fire protection sprinkler systems work”, amended Subdiv. (12) by redefining “irrigation work”, amended Subdiv. (17) by redefining “medical gas and vacuum systems work”, amended Subdiv. (18) by redefining “solar electricity work”, amended Subdiv. (22) by redefining “gas hearth product work”, amended Subdiv. (23) by redefining “millwright work”, added Subdiv. (24) defining “inspection”, adding Subdiv. (25) defining “testing”, and made technical changes; P.A. 21-37 amended Subdiv. (8) by making a technical change, added Subdiv. (26) defining “owner”, Subdiv. (27) defining “person” and Subdiv. (28) defining “residential property”, effective June 4, 2021.

See Sec. 20-334a re types of licenses.

See Sec. 29-291 re appointment of State Fire Marshal.

Cited. 209 C. 719.

Cited. 3 CA 707; 12 CA 251; 34 CA 123.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 20-340.

Sec. 20-340. Exemptions from licensing requirements. The provisions of this chapter shall not apply to: (1) Persons employed by any federal, state or municipal agency; (2) employees of any public service company regulated by the Public Utilities Regulatory Authority or of any corporate affiliate of any such company when the work performed by such affiliate is on behalf of a public service company, but in either case only if the work performed is in connection with the rendition of public utility service, including the installation or maintenance of wire for community antenna television service, or is in connection with the installation or maintenance of wire or telephone sets for single-line telephone service located inside the premises of a consumer; (3) employees of any municipal corporation specially chartered by this state; (4) employees of any contractor while such contractor is performing electrical-line or emergency work for any public service company; (5) persons engaged in the installation, maintenance, repair and service of electrical or other appliances of a size customarily used for domestic use where such installation commences at an outlet receptacle or connection previously installed by persons licensed to do the same and maintenance, repair and service is confined to the appliance itself and its internal operation; (6) employees of industrial firms whose main duties concern the maintenance of the electrical work, plumbing and piping work, solar thermal work, heating, piping, cooling work, sheet metal work, elevator installation, repair and maintenance work, automotive glass work or flat glass work of such firm on its own premises or on premises leased by it for its own use; (7) employees of industrial firms when such employees' main duties concern the fabrication of glass products or electrical, plumbing and piping, fire protection sprinkler systems, solar, heating, piping, cooling, chemical piping, sheet metal or elevator installation, repair and maintenance equipment used in the production of goods sold by industrial firms, except for products, electrical, plumbing and piping systems and repair and maintenance equipment used directly in the production of a product for human consumption; (8) persons performing work necessary to the manufacture or repair of any apparatus, appliances, fixtures, equipment or devices produced by it for sale or lease; (9) employees of stage and theatrical companies performing the operation, installation and maintenance of electrical equipment if such installation commences at an outlet receptacle or connection previously installed by persons licensed to make such installation; (10) employees of carnivals, circuses or similar transient amusement shows who install electrical work, provided such installation shall be subject to the approval of the State Fire Marshal prior to use as otherwise provided by law and shall comply with applicable municipal ordinances and regulations; (11) persons engaged in the installation, maintenance, repair and service of glass or electrical, plumbing, fire protection sprinkler systems, solar, heating, piping, cooling and sheet metal equipment in and about single-family residences owned and occupied or to be occupied by such persons; provided any such installation, maintenance and repair shall be subject to inspection and approval by the building official of the municipality in which such residence is located and shall conform to the requirements of the State Building Code; (12) persons who install, maintain or repair glass in a motor vehicle owned or leased by such persons; (13) persons or entities holding themselves out to be retail sellers of glass products, but not such persons or entities that also engage in automotive glass work or flat glass work; (14) persons who install preglazed or preassembled windows or doors in residential or commercial buildings; (15) persons registered under chapter 400 who install safety-backed mirror products or repair or replace flat glass in sizes not greater than thirty square feet in residential buildings; (16) sheet metal work performed in residential buildings consisting of six units or less by new home construction contractors registered pursuant to chapter 399a, by home improvement contractors registered pursuant to chapter 400 or by persons licensed pursuant to this chapter, when such work is limited to exhaust systems installed for hoods and fans in kitchens and baths, clothes dryer exhaust systems, radon vent systems, fireplaces, fireplace flues, masonry chimneys or prefabricated metal chimneys rated by Underwriters Laboratories or installation of stand-alone appliances including wood, pellet or other stand-alone stoves that are installed in residential buildings by such contractors or persons; (17) employees of or any contractor employed by and under the direction of a properly licensed solar contractor, performing work limited to the hoisting, placement and anchoring of solar collectors, photovoltaic panels, towers or turbines; (18) persons performing swimming pool maintenance and repair work authorized pursuant to section 20-417aa; and (19) any employee of the Connecticut Airport Authority covered by a state collective bargaining agreement.

(February, 1965, P.A. 493, S. 9; 1967, P.A. 199, S. 1; 789, S. 12; 1972, P.A. 7; P.A. 75-464; 75-486, S. 1, 52, 69; P.A. 77-614, S. 162, 610; P.A. 80-482, S. 176, 348; P.A. 82-439, S. 5, 7; P.A. 83-426, S. 5; P.A. 87-588, S. 6, 8; P.A. 88-178, S. 1, 3; P.A. 96-21, S. 1, 3; P.A. 98-3, S. 34; P.A. 99-170, S. 5; 99-253, S. 6; P.A. 03-59, S. 1; 03-83, S. 3; 03-261, S. 2; P.A. 05-88, S. 2; 05-211, S. 4; P.A. 07-242, S. 48; P.A. 08-44, S. 2; P.A. 11-80, S. 1; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-2, S. 62; P.A. 14-199, S. 10.)

History: 1967 acts updated statute to conform with Sec. 20-330, substituted title public service company for public utilities, added as exemption corporate affiliates of public service companies and added exemptions for employees of municipal corporations, employees of contractors performing work subject to government inspection, persons performing electrical work in connection with domestic use, persons manufacturing or repairing mechanisms produced for sale or lease, employees of stage and theatrical companies doing electrical work and employees of carnivals, circuses, etc. doing electrical work; 1972 act provided exemption for persons doing electrical work in single-family residences; P.A. 75-464 amended Subdiv. (4) to specify “electrical-line or emergency” work and to delete reference to work “subject to inspection by any federal, state or municipal agency or corporation other than a municipal building department”; P.A. 75-486 replaced public utilities commission with public utilities control authority; P.A. 77-614 replaced public utilities control authority with division of public utility control within the department of business regulation, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 80-482 made division of public utility control an independent department and deleted reference to abolished department of business regulation; P.A. 82-439 applied exemptions under Subdivs. (6), (7) and (11) to solar work, effective April 1, 1984; P.A. 83-426 changed effective date of P.A. 82-439 with respect to this section from April 1, 1984, to July 1, 1984; P.A. 87-588 amended Subdivs. (7) and (11) by extending the provisions of said Subdivs. to fire protection sprinkler systems, effective July 1, 1988; P.A. 88-178 amended Subdiv. (2) to expand the exemption to include the installation and maintenance of single-line telephone equipment; P.A. 96-21 added reference to installation or maintenance of wire for community antenna television service in Subdiv. (2), effective April 29, 1996; P.A. 98-3 made technical changes; P.A. 99-170 amended Subdiv. (6) to exempt employees of industrial firms primarily involved in maintaining automotive glass work or flat glass work, amended Subdiv. (7) to exempt the fabrication of glass products, amended Subdiv. (11) to exempt persons engaged in installing, maintaining, repairing and servicing glass equipment in and about single-family residences and added new Subdivs. (12) to (15) to exempt automotive glass workers who perform such work on vehicles owned or leased by such persons, retail sellers of glass products, installers of preglazed or preassembled windows or doors for residential or commercial buildings and registered home improvement contractors who install safety-backed mirror products or repair or replace flat glass of less than 30 square feet in size in residential buildings; P.A. 99-253 amended Subdivs. (6), (7) and (11) to replace references to heating, piping and cooling with references to heating, piping, cooling and sheet metal; P.A. 03-59 added Subdiv. (16) re exemptions for sheet metal work performed in residential buildings of six units or less by new home construction contractors, home improvement contractors and new home construction contractors, subject to certain limitations; P.A. 03-83 amended Subdiv. (7) to specify that fabrication of products, electrical, plumbing and piping systems and repair and maintenance equipment used directly in the production of a product for human consumption are not exempt from the provisions of Ch. 393; P.A. 03-261 amended Subdiv. (7) to specify that provisions thereof apply to employees of industrial firms when such employees' main duties are concerned with specified activities; P.A. 05-88 amended Subdiv. (7) to include chemical piping; P.A. 05-211 amended Subdiv. (6) to change “solar work” to “solar thermal work”; P.A. 07-242 added Subdiv. (17) re solar contractors, effective June 4, 2007; P.A. 08-44 added Subdiv. (18) re exemption for persons performing swimming pool maintenance and repair work, effective May 7, 2008; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Department of Public Utility Control” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Public Utilities Regulatory Authority” in Subdiv. (2), effective July 1, 2011; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 12-2 made a technical change in Subdiv. (16); P.A. 14-199 added Subdiv. (19) re any employee of the Connecticut Airport Authority covered by a state collective bargaining agreement, effective June 12, 2014.

Hospital not “industrial firm” within meaning of Subdiv. (6); such broad application of exemption would be contrary to remedial purpose of licensing statutes. 243 C. 709.

Subdiv. (1): Does not provide exemption for independent contractors. 12 CA 251. Subdiv. (2): Gas companies' service employees are not exempt from licensing requirements of chapter; “public utility service” used in statutory sense does not include repair and maintenance of gas appliances. 43 CA 196.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 20-419.

Sec. 20-419. Definitions. As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:

(1) “Business entity” means an association, corporation, limited liability company, limited liability partnership or partnership.

(2) “Certificate” means a certificate of registration issued under section 20-422.

(3) “Commissioner” means (A) the Commissioner of Consumer Protection, and (B) any person designated by the commissioner to administer and enforce this chapter.

(4) (A) “Contractor” means any person who (i) owns and operates a home improvement business, or (ii) undertakes, offers to undertake or agrees to perform any home improvement.

(B) “Contractor” does not include a person for whom the total price of all of such person's home improvement contracts with all of such person's customers does not exceed one thousand dollars during any period of twelve consecutive months.

(5) (A) “Home improvement” includes, but is not limited to, the repair, replacement, remodeling, alteration, conversion, modernization, improvement, rehabilitation or sandblasting of, or addition to, any land or building or that portion thereof which is used or designed to be used as a private residence, dwelling place or residential rental property, or the construction, replacement, installation or improvement of alarm systems not requiring electrical work, as defined in section 20-330, driveways, swimming pools, porches, garages, roofs, siding, insulation, sunrooms, flooring, patios, landscaping, fences, doors and windows, waterproofing, water, fire or storm restoration or mold remediation in connection with such land or building or that portion thereof which is used or designed to be used as a private residence, dwelling place or residential rental property or the removal or replacement of a residential underground heating oil storage tank system, in which the total price for all work agreed upon between the contractor and owner or proposed or offered by the contractor exceeds two hundred dollars.

(B) “Home improvement” does not include (i) the construction of a new home, (ii) the sale of goods or materials by a seller who neither arranges to perform nor performs, directly or indirectly, any work or labor in connection with the installation or application of the goods or materials, (iii) the sale of goods or services furnished for commercial or business use or for resale, provided commercial or business use does not include use as residential rental property, (iv) the sale of appliances, such as stoves, refrigerators, freezers, room air conditioners and others, which are designed for and are easily removable from the premises without material alteration thereof, (v) tree or shrub cutting or the grinding of tree stumps, and (vi) any work performed without compensation by the owner on such owner's own private residence or residential rental property.

(6) “Home improvement contract” means an agreement between a contractor and an owner for the performance of a home improvement.

(7) “Owner” means a person who owns or resides in a private residence and includes any agent thereof, including, but not limited to, a condominium association. An owner of a private residence shall not be required to reside in such residence to be deemed an owner under this subdivision.

(8) “Person” means an individual or a business entity.

(9) “Private residence” means a single family dwelling, a multifamily dwelling consisting of not more than six units, or a unit, common element or limited common element in a condominium, as defined in section 47-68a, or in a common interest community, as defined in section 47-202, or any number of condominium units for which a condominium association acts as an agent for such unit owners.

(10) “Proprietor” means an individual who (A) has an ownership interest in a business entity that holds or has held a certificate of registration issued under this chapter, and (B) has been found by a court of competent jurisdiction to have violated any provision of this chapter related to the conduct of a business entity holding a certificate or that has held a certificate issued under this chapter within the two years of the effective date of entering into a contract with an owner harmed by the actions of such individual or business entity.

(11) “Salesman” means any individual who (A) negotiates or offers to negotiate a home improvement contract with an owner, or (B) solicits or otherwise endeavors to procure by any means whatsoever, directly or indirectly, a home improvement contract from an owner on behalf of a contractor.

(12) “Residential rental property” means a single family dwelling, a multifamily dwelling consisting of not more than six units, or a unit, common element or limited common element in a condominium, as defined in section 47-68a, or in a common interest community, as defined in section 47-202, which is not owner-occupied.

(13) “Residential underground heating oil storage tank system” means an underground storage tank system used with or without ancillary components in connection with real property composed of four or less residential units.

(14) “Underground storage tank system” means an underground tank or combination of tanks, with any underground pipes or ancillary equipment or containment systems connected to such tank or tanks, used to contain an accumulation of petroleum, which volume is ten per cent or more beneath the surface of the ground.

(P.A. 79-606, S. 2, 14; P.A. 88-269, S. 1; P.A. 91-325, S. 4; P.A. 93-215, S. 2; P.A. 95-79, S. 68, 189; P.A. 98-3, S. 61; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(c); P.A. 04-21, S. 1; 04-189, S. 1; P.A. 05-211, S. 6; P.A. 13-196, S. 14, 26; P.A. 16-35, S. 1; P.A. 21-197, S. 4; P.A. 23-99, S. 10; P.A. 24-142, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 88-269 redefined “home improvement” to include sandblasting, redefined “person” to delete reference to firms and companies, redefined “private residence” to increase allowable units from four to six, and redefined “salesman” to delete the reference to contracts being made outside of a place of business; P.A. 91-325 redefined “private residence” to include a “unit, common element or limited common element in a condominium, as defined in section 47-68a, or in a common interest community, as defined in section 47-202”; P.A. 93-215 expanded the definition of “home improvement” in Subdiv. (4) by including repair work done to residential rental property and excluding work performed without compensation by an owner on his private residence or residential rental property, clarified the definition of “owner” in Subdiv. (6) and added Subdiv. (10) defining “residential rental property”; P.A. 95-79 redefined “person” to include a limited liability company, effective May 31, 1995; P.A. 98-3 made technical changes; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 replaced Commissioner of Consumer Protection with Commissioner of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-21 amended the definition of “home improvement” in Subdiv. (4) to include the removal or replacement of a residential underground heating oil storage tank system, and added Subdiv. (11) defining “residential underground heating oil storage tank system”, and Subdiv. (12) defining “underground storage tank system”; P.A. 04-189 repealed S. 146 of June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, thereby reversing the merger of the Departments of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective June 1, 2004; P.A. 05-211 redefined “home improvement” in Subdiv. (4) to replace “solar energy systems” with “sunrooms”; P.A. 13-196 amended Subdiv. (3) to redefine “contractor” by replacing “total cash price” with “total price”, amended Subdiv. (4) to redefine “home improvement” by replacing “total cash price” with “total price” and adding “or proposed or offered by the contractor”, amended Subdiv. (6) to redefine “owner” by adding provision re condominium association, and amended Subdiv. (8) to redefine “private residence” by adding provision re number of condominium units for which condominium association acts as agent, effective June 21, 2013; P.A. 16-35 redefined “home improvement” to add “water, fire or storm restoration or mold remediation”, effective January 1, 2017; P.A. 21-197 amended Subdiv. (4) to add reference to alarm systems not requiring electrical work, redesignate existing Subpara. (E) as Subpara. (F) and add new Subpara. (E) re tree or shrub cutting or grinding of tree stumps, effective July 1, 2022; P.A. 23-99 added Subdiv. (1) defining “business entity”, redesignated existing Subdivs. (1) to (12) as Subdivs. (2) to (13), amended redesignated Subdiv. (3) by dividing provisions into Subparas. (A) and (B) and substituting “and” for “or” before Subpara. designator (B), divided Subdiv. (4) into Subparas. (A) and (B) and Subpara. (A) into Subpara. (A)(i) and (ii), amended redesignated Subdiv. (5) by designating items included in “home improvement” as Subpara. (A), designating exceptions to “home improvement” as Subpara. (B), redesignating existing Subparas. (A) to (F) as Subpara. (B)(i) to (vi) and adding “or materials” in redesignated Subpara. (B)(ii), amended redesignated Subdiv. (8) by substituting “or a business entity” for “partnership, limited liability company or corporation”, and made technical and conforming changes throughout, effective June 29, 2023; P.A. 24-142 added new Subdiv. (10) defining “proprietor” and redesignated existing Subdivs. (10) to (13) as Subdivs. (11) to (14), effective June 6, 2024.

Cited. 194 C. 129; 200 C. 713; 224 C. 231; 232 C. 666; 240 C. 58.

Cited. 13 CA 194; 18 CA 463; Id., 581; 19 CA 1; 40 CA 351; 45 CA 586; Id., 743. Services performed by a contractor in installing a modular home at a new site and in making improvements to the newly installed home qualify for statutory exception for contracts for construction of a new home. 108 CA 222.

Subdiv. (3):

Whether a home improvement service provider is acting as a contractor or a subcontractor is a question of fact. 121 CA 105.

Subdiv. (4):

Work performed by contractor was part of new home construction given that contract between owner and contractor was linked directly to the overall new home construction contract and the work related to habitability of the new home, thus, work did not constitute a “home improvement” under Subdiv. (5) and fell within new home construction exception contained in this Subdiv. 198 CA 792; judgment affirmed, see 343 C. 773.

Subdiv. (5):

Home Improvement Act not intended to apply to the transaction between a subcontractor and a homeowner because in such circumstance there is no “home improvement contract” as that term is defined in the act. 249 C. 155.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 20-432.

Sec. 20-432. Home Improvement Guaranty Fund. (a) The commissioner shall establish and maintain the Home Improvement Guaranty Fund.

(b) Each salesman who receives a certificate pursuant to this chapter shall pay a fee of forty dollars annually. Each contractor (1) who receives a certificate pursuant to this chapter, or (2) receives a certificate pursuant to chapter 399a and has opted to engage in home improvement pursuant to subsection (f) of section 20-417b shall pay a fee of one hundred dollars annually to the guaranty fund. Such fee shall be payable with the fee for an application for a certificate or renewal thereof. The annual fee for a contractor who receives a certificate of registration as a home improvement contractor acting solely as the contractor of record for a corporation shall be waived, provided the contractor of record shall use such registration for the sole purpose of directing, supervising or performing home improvements for such corporation.

(c) Payments received under subsection (b) of this section shall be credited to the guaranty fund until the balance in such fund equals seven hundred fifty thousand dollars. Annually, if the balance in the fund exceeds seven hundred fifty thousand dollars, the first four hundred thousand dollars of the excess shall be deposited into the consumer protection enforcement account established in section 21a-8a. Any excess thereafter shall be deposited in the General Fund. Any money in the guaranty fund may be invested or reinvested in the same manner as funds of the state employees retirement system, and the interest arising from such investments shall be credited to the guaranty fund.

(d) Whenever an owner obtains a binding arbitration decision, a court judgment, order or decree against any contractor holding a certificate or who has held a certificate under this chapter, or against a proprietor, within two years of the date such contractor entered into the contract with the owner, for loss or damages sustained by reason of performance of or offering to perform a home improvement within this state by a contractor holding a certificate under this chapter, such owner may, upon the final determination of, or expiration of time for, taking an appeal in connection with any such decision, judgment, order or decree, apply to the commissioner for an order directing payment out of said guaranty fund of the amount unpaid upon the decision, judgment, order or decree, for actual damages and costs taxed by the court against the contractor or proprietor, exclusive of punitive damages. The application shall be made on forms provided by the commissioner and shall be accompanied by a copy of the decision, court judgment, order or decree obtained against the contractor or proprietor. No application for an order directing payment out of the guaranty fund shall be made later than two years after the final determination of, or expiration of time for, taking an appeal of said decision, court judgment, order or decree.

(e) Upon receipt of said application together with said copy of the decision, court judgment, order or decree, and true and attested copy of the executing officer's return, the commissioner or the commissioner's designee shall inspect such documents for their veracity and upon a determination that such documents are complete and authentic, and a determination that the owner has not been paid, the commissioner shall order payment out of the guaranty fund of the amount unpaid upon the decision, judgment, order or decree for actual damages and costs taxed by the court against the contractor or, if the contractor is a business entity, a proprietor, exclusive of punitive damages.

(f) Whenever an owner is awarded an order of restitution against any contractor or, if the contractor is a business entity, any proprietor for loss or damages sustained by reason of performance of or offering to perform a home improvement in this state by a contractor holding a certificate or who has held a certificate under this chapter within two years of the date of entering into the contract with the owner, in a proceeding brought by the commissioner pursuant to this section or subsection (d) of section 42-110d, or in a proceeding brought by the Attorney General pursuant to subsection (a) of section 42-110m or subsection (d) of section 42-110d, or a criminal proceeding pursuant to section 20-427, such owner may, upon the final determination of, or expiration of time for, taking an appeal in connection with any such order of restitution, apply to the commissioner for an order directing payment out of said guaranty fund of the amount unpaid upon the order of restitution. The commissioner may issue said order upon a determination that the owner has not been paid.

(g) Whenever the commissioner orders payment to an owner out of the guaranty fund based upon a decision, court judgment, order or decree of restitution against any proprietor, such proprietor and the business entity that holds or held a certificate under this chapter shall be liable for the resulting debt to the guaranty fund.

(h) Before the commissioner may issue any order directing payment out of the guaranty fund to an owner pursuant to subsection (e) or (f) of this section, the commissioner shall first notify the contractor of the owner's application for an order directing payment out of the guaranty fund and of the contractor's right to a hearing to contest the disbursement in the event that the contractor or proprietor has already paid the owner or is complying with a payment schedule in accordance with a court judgment, order or decree. Such notice shall be given to the contractor not later than fifteen days after receipt by the commissioner of the owner's application for an order directing payment out of the guaranty fund. If the contractor requests a hearing, in writing, by certified mail not later than fifteen days after receiving the notice from the commissioner, the commissioner shall grant such request and shall conduct a hearing in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54. If the commissioner does not receive a request by certified mail from the contractor for a hearing not later than fifteen days after the contractor's receipt of such notice, the commissioner shall determine that the owner has not been paid, and the commissioner shall issue an order directing payment out of the guaranty fund for the amount unpaid upon the judgment, order or decree for actual damages and costs taxed by the court against the contractor or proprietor, exclusive of punitive damages, or for the amount unpaid upon the order of restitution.

(i) The commissioner or the commissioner's designee may proceed against any contractor holding a certificate or who has held a certificate under this chapter within the past two years of the effective date of entering into the contract with the owner, for an order of restitution arising from loss or damages sustained by any person by reason of such contractor's or the proprietor's performance of or offering to perform a home improvement in this state. Any such proceeding shall be held in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54. In the course of such proceeding, the commissioner or the commissioner's designee shall decide whether to exercise the commissioner's powers pursuant to section 20-426; whether to order restitution arising from loss or damages sustained by any person by reason of such contractor's or proprietor's performance or offering to perform a home improvement in this state; and whether to order payment out of the guaranty fund. Notwithstanding the provisions of chapter 54, the decision of the commissioner or the commissioner's designee shall be final with respect to any proceeding to order payment out of the guaranty fund and the commissioner and the commissioner's designee shall not be subject to the requirements of chapter 54 as they relate to appeal from any such decision. The commissioner or the commissioner's designee may hear complaints of all owners submitting claims against a single contractor in one proceeding.

(j) No application for an order directing payment out of the guaranty fund shall be made later than two years from the final determination of, or expiration of time for, appeal in connection with any decision, judgment, order or decree of restitution.

(k) Whenever the owner satisfies the commissioner or the commissioner's designee that it is not practicable to comply with the requirements of subsection (d) of this section and that the owner has taken all reasonable steps to collect the amount of the decision, judgment, order or decree or the unsatisfied part thereof and has been unable to collect the same, the commissioner or the commissioner's designee may, in the commissioner's or such designee's discretion, dispense with the necessity for complying with such requirement.

(l) In order to preserve the integrity of the guaranty fund, the commissioner, in the commissioner's sole discretion, may order payment out of said fund of an amount less than the actual loss or damages incurred by the owner or less than the order of restitution awarded by the commissioner or the Superior Court. In no event shall any payment out of said guaranty fund be in excess of twenty-five thousand dollars for any single claim by an owner.

(m) If the money deposited in the guaranty fund is insufficient to satisfy any duly authorized claim or portion thereof, the commissioner shall, when sufficient money has been deposited in the fund, satisfy such unpaid claims or portions thereof, in the order that such claims or portions thereof were originally determined.

(n) Whenever the commissioner has caused any sum to be paid from the guaranty fund to an owner, the commissioner shall be subrogated to all of the rights of the owner up to the amount paid plus reasonable interest, and prior to receipt of any payment from the guaranty fund, the owner shall assign all of this right, title and interest in the claim up to such amount to the commissioner, and any amount and interest recovered by the commissioner on the claim shall be deposited to the guaranty fund.

(o) If the commissioner orders the payment of any amount as a result of a guaranty fund claim against a contractor or proprietor, the commissioner shall determine if the contractor is possessed of assets liable to be sold or applied in satisfaction of the claim on the guaranty fund. If the commissioner discovers any such assets, the commissioner may request that the Attorney General take any action necessary for the reimbursement of the guaranty fund.

(p) If the commissioner orders the payment of an amount as a result of a guaranty fund claim against a contractor, the commissioner may, after notice and hearing in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, revoke the certificate of the contractor and the contractor shall not be eligible to receive a new or renewed certificate until the contractor has repaid such amount in full, plus interest from the time said payment is made from the guaranty fund, at a rate to be in accordance with section 37-3b, except that the commissioner may, in the commissioner's sole discretion, permit a contractor to receive a new or renewed certificate after that contractor has entered into an agreement with the commissioner whereby the contractor agrees to repay the guaranty fund in full in the form of periodic payments over a set period of time. Any such agreement shall include a provision providing for the summary suspension of any and all certificates held by the contractor if payment is not made in accordance with the terms of the agreement.

(P.A. 88-269, S. 11; P.A. 89-251, S. 150, 203; P.A. 90-233, S. 2; 90-321, S. 5; P.A. 91-325, S. 2; P.A. 94-68, S. 3; P.A. 96-117, S. 3; P.A. 97-129; P.A. 99-74, S. 1, 3; P.A. 04-257, S. 105; P.A. 10-9, S. 6; P.A. 13-196, S. 12, 25; P.A. 15-60, S. 6; P.A. 21-37, S. 38; 21-197, S. 8; P.A. 22-70, S. 6; P.A. 23-99, S. 16; P.A. 24-142, S. 3.)

History: P.A. 89-251 amended Subsec. (b) to increase the fee for renewal of a salesman's certificate from $20 to $40 and increased the fee for renewal of a contractor's certificate from $50 to $150; P.A. 90-233 amended Subsec. (d) to delete former exclusion of attorney's fees from consideration as part of judgment amount and amended Subsec. (l) to raise maximum payment from guaranty fund from $5,000 to $10,000; P.A. 90-321 amended section to allow claims to be made against fund when contractor held a certificate within the past two years; P.A. 91-325 amended Subsec. (d) by providing for the submission of bona fide documentation to replace the hearing procedure as a means for a homeowner to be reimbursed from the fund, inserted new Subsec. (e), redesignating former Subsec. (e) as Subsec. (f) and expanding the types of proceedings in which a homeowner could recover and specifying that commissioner could only issue an order of disbursement from the fund upon a determination that the owner has not been paid, added new Subsec. (g) requiring notice to the contractor before any disbursement is made from the fund in the event that the contractor has already paid the homeowner, redesignated former Subsec. (f) as Subsec. (h) and amended it to provide that a designee of commissioner could proceed against a contractor and decide whether to exercise the powers under Sec. 20-426, order restitution and whether to order payment out of the guaranty fund, redesignated Subsec. (g) as Subsec. (i) and amended it to expand the period during which an application for disbursement from the fund could be made from one year to two years from the final determination of, or expiration of time for, appeal in connection with any judgment or order of restitution, deleted former Subsecs. (h) and (i) re hearing procedure, made technical changes in Subsec. (j), deleted former Subsec. (k), relettering remaining Subsecs. accordingly, and amended Subsec. (o), formerly (p), to permit commissioner to exercise discretion as to whether to renew a certificate if the contractor had entered an agreement with commissioner whereby payment would be made in periodic payments over a set period of time; P.A. 94-68 amended Subsec. (c) to require deposit of certain surplus moneys in the Consumer Enforcement Protection Fund, replaced “personal property” with “bank accounts” in Subsec. (d)(3), provided for the revocation of a contractor's certificate in Subsec. (o) and made technical corrections; P.A. 96-117 amended Subsec. (b) to waive the annual fee for a contractor of record; P.A. 97-129 amended Subsec. (c) to increase the amount deposited into the Consumer Protection Enforcement Fund from $150,000 to $400,000, and amended Subsec. (d) to provide that Subdiv. (3) requirements shall not apply to judgments obtained by owner in small claims court; P.A. 99-74 made gender neutral change and increased maximum allowable payment from guaranty fund from $10,000 to $15,000 for a single claim, effective May 27, 1999; P.A. 04-257 made a technical change in Subsec. (c), effective June 14, 2004; P.A. 10-9 deleted provisions re certified copy of court judgment in Subsecs. (d) and (e), effective May 5, 2010; P.A. 13-196 amended Subsec. (d)(3) by changing “real property” to “personal property” and amended Subsec. (g) by adding provision re contractor's right to hearing to contest disbursement in the event contractor is complying with payment schedule in accordance with a court judgment, effective June 21, 2013; P.A. 15-60 amended Subsec. (c) by replacing “such fund has an excess” with “the balance in the fund exceeds seven hundred fifty thousand dollars”, amended Subsecs. (d) and (e) by adding references to order or decree, amended Subsec. (g) by changing “shall” to “may” re commissioner issuing order directing payment out of guaranty fund and adding “, order or decree”, amended Subsec. (i) by adding “or decree”, amended Subsec. (j) by adding “, order or decree”, and made technical changes, effective October 1, 2015, and applicable to orders and decrees entered into on or after that date; P.A. 21-37 amended Subsec. (d) to delete “the past” before 2 years and deleted reference to affidavit being notarized and signed and sworn to by the owner, effective June 4, 2021; P.A. 21-197 amended Subsec. (b) to designate existing provision as Subdiv. (1) and add Subdiv. (2) re opting to engage in home improvement, amended Subsec. (d) to add references to binding arbitration decision, delete “the past” before “two years”, delete provisions re notarized affidavit by owner, Subdivs. (1) to (3) and delete provision re executing officer's return, amended Subsec. (e) to add references to “decision” and delete “notarized affidavit”, amended Subsec. (f) to delete “the past” before “two years”, amended Subsec. (i) to add “decision”, amended Subsec. (j) to make a technical change and add “decision” and amended Subsec. (k) to increase maximum payment from guaranty fund from $15,000 to $25,000, effective July 1, 2022; P.A. 22-70 made a technical change in Subsec. (g), effective July 1, 2022; P.A. 23-99 amended Subsec. (b) by substituting reference to Sec. 20-417b(f) for reference to Sec. 20-417b(g), effective June 29, 2023; P.A. 24-142 amended Subsecs. (d) to (f) and redesignated Subsecs. (h), (i) and (o) by adding provisions re proprietors, added new Subsec. (g) re liability of proprietors and business entities, redesignated existing Subsecs. (g) to (o) as Subsecs. (h) to (p), and made technical and conforming changes in Subsecs. (d) and (e) and redesignated Subsecs. (i), (k), (o) and (p), effective June 6, 2024.

See Sec. 20-427a re nonrenewal of home improvement contractor's commercial motor vehicle registration for violation of section.

Cited. 224 C. 231.

Subsec. (h):

Administrative adjudication under Subsec. by defendant Department of Consumer Protection concluding that plaintiff swimming pool contractor violated Home Improvement Act by failure to return homeowner's deposit after his cancellation of contract and defendant's subsequent ordering of restitution under statute to homeowner found not to be an unconstitutional violation of separation of powers provision of state constitution; potential reach of statute is quite wide; it authorizes commissioner to order “restitution arising from loss or damages” to not just the owner of the property to be improved but to “any person” injured by reason of a home improvement contractor's performance or offer to perform a home improvement in Connecticut. 48 CS 248.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 25-32.

Sec. 25-32. Department of Public Health jurisdiction over and duties concerning water supplies, water companies and operators of water treatment plants and water distribution systems. (a) The Department of Public Health shall have jurisdiction over all matters concerning the purity and adequacy of any water supply source (1) used by, or (2) on and after July 1, 2024, for which the right to use the water supply source for future or emergency use is held by, any municipality, public institution or water company for obtaining water, the safety of any distributing plant and system for public health purposes, the adequacy of methods used to assure water purity, and such other matters relating to the construction and operation of such distributing plant and system as may affect public health.

(b) No water company shall sell, lease, assign or otherwise dispose of or change the use of any watershed lands, except as provided in section 25-43c, without a written permit from the Commissioner of Public Health. The commissioner shall not grant: (1) A permit for the sale of class I land, except as provided in subsection (d) of this section, (2) a permit for the lease of class I land except as provided in subsection (p) of this section, or (3) a permit for a change in use of class I land unless the applicant demonstrates that such change will not have a significant adverse impact upon the present and future purity and adequacy of the public drinking water supply and is consistent with any water supply plan filed and approved pursuant to section 25-32d. The commissioner may reclassify class I land only upon determination that such land no longer meets the criteria established by subsection (a) of section 25-37c because of abandonment of a water supply source or a physical change in the watershed boundary. Not more than fifteen days before filing an application for a permit under this section, the applicant shall provide notice of such intent, by certified mail, return receipt requested, to the chief executive officer and the chief elected official of each municipality in which the land is situated.

(c) The commissioner may grant a permit for the sale, lease, assignment or change in use of any land in class II subject to any conditions or restrictions in use which the commissioner may deem necessary to maintain the purity and adequacy of the public drinking water supply, giving due consideration to: (1) The creation and control of point or nonpoint sources of contamination; (2) the disturbance of ground vegetation; (3) the creation and control of subsurface sewage disposal systems; (4) the degree of water treatment provided; (5) the control of watershed land by the applicant through ownership, easements or use restrictions or other water supply source protection measures; (6) the effect of development of any such land; and (7) any other significant potential source of contamination of the public drinking water supply. The commissioner may grant a permit for the sale, lease or assignment of class II land to another water company, municipality or nonprofit land conservation organization provided, as a condition of approval, a permanent conservation easement on the land is entered into to preserve the land in perpetuity predominantly in its natural scenic and open condition for the protection of natural resources and public water supplies while allowing for recreation consistent with such protection and improvements necessary for the protection or provision of safe and adequate potable water. Preservation in perpetuity shall not include permission for the land to be developed for any commercial, residential or industrial uses, nor shall it include permission for recreational purposes requiring intense development, including, but not limited to, golf courses, driving ranges, tennis courts, ballfields, swimming pools and uses by motorized vehicles other than vehicles needed by water companies to carry out their purposes, provided trails or pathways for pedestrians, motorized wheelchairs or nonmotorized vehicles shall not be considered intense development. The commissioner may reclassify class II land only upon determination that such land no longer meets the criteria established by subsection (b) of section 25-37c because of abandonment of a water supply source or a physical change in the watershed boundary.

(d) The commissioner may grant a permit for (1) the sale of class I or II land to another water company, to a state agency or to a municipality, (2) the sale of class II land or the sale or assignment of a conservation restriction or a public access easement on class I or class II land to a private, nonprofit land-holding conservation organization, or (3) the sale of class I land to a private nonprofit land-holding conservation organization if the water company is denied a permit to abandon a source not in current use or needed by the water company pursuant to subsection (c) of section 25-33k, if the purchasing entity agrees to maintain the land subject to the provisions of this section, any regulations adopted pursuant to this section and the terms of any permit issued pursuant to this section. Such purchasing entity or assignee may not sell, lease or assign any such land or conservation restriction or public access easement or sell, lease, assign or change the use of such land without obtaining a permit pursuant to this section.

(e) The commissioner shall not grant a permit for the sale, lease, assignment or change in use of any land in class II unless (1) use restrictions applicable to such land will prevent the land from being developed, (2) the applicant demonstrates that the proposed sale, lease, assignment or change in use will not have a significant adverse impact upon the purity and adequacy of the public drinking water supply and that any use restrictions which the commissioner requires as a condition of granting a permit can be enforced against subsequent owners, lessees and assignees, (3) the commissioner determines, after giving effect to any use restrictions which may be required as a condition of granting the permit, that such proposed sale, lease, assignment or change in use will not have a significant adverse effect on the public drinking water supply, whether or not similar permits have been granted, and (4) on or after January 1, 2003, as a condition to the sale, lease or assignment of any class II lands, a permanent conservation easement on the land is entered into to preserve the land in perpetuity predominantly in its natural scenic and open condition for the protection of natural resources and public water supplies while allowing for recreation consistent with such protection and improvements necessary for the protection or provision of safe and adequate potable water, except in cases where the class II land is deemed necessary to provide access or egress to a parcel of class III land, as defined in section 25-37c, that is approved for sale. Preservation in perpetuity shall not include permission for the land to be developed for any commercial, residential or industrial uses, nor shall it include permission for recreational purposes requiring intense development, including, but not limited to, golf courses, driving ranges, tennis courts, ballfields, swimming pools and uses by motorized vehicles other than vehicles needed by water companies to carry out their purposes, provided trails or pathways for pedestrians, motorized wheelchairs or nonmotorized vehicles shall not be considered intense development.

(f) Nothing in this section shall prevent the lease or change in use of water company land to allow for recreational purposes that do not require intense development or improvements for water supply purposes, for leases of existing structures, or for radio towers or telecommunications antennas on existing structures. For purposes of this subsection, intense development includes golf courses, driving ranges, tennis courts, ballfields, swimming pools and uses by motorized vehicles, provided trails or pathways for pedestrians, motorized wheelchairs or nonmotorized vehicles shall not be considered intense development.

(g) As used in this section, (1) “water supply source” includes all springs, streams, watercourses, brooks, rivers, lakes, ponds, wells or underground waters from which water is or, on and after July 1, 2024, may be, taken, and all springs, streams, watercourses, brooks, rivers, lakes, ponds, wells or aquifer protection areas, as defined in section 22a-354h, thereto and all lands drained thereby; and (2) “watershed land” means land from which water drains into a public drinking water supply.

(h) The commissioner shall adopt and from time to time may amend the following: (1) Physical, chemical, radiological and microbiological standards for the quality of public drinking water; (2) minimum treatment methods, taking into account the costs of such methods, required for all sources of drinking water, including guidelines for the design and operation of treatment works and water sources, which guidelines shall serve as the basis for approval of local water supply plans by the commissioner; (3) minimum standards to assure the long-term purity and adequacy of the public drinking water supply to all residents of this state; and (4) classifications of water treatment plants and water distribution systems which treat or supply water used or intended for use by the public. On or after October 1, 1975, any water company which requests approval of any drinking water source shall provide for such treatment methods as specified by the commissioner, provided any water company in operation prior to October 1, 1975, and having such source shall comply with regulations adopted by the commissioner, in accordance with chapter 54, in conformance with The Safe Drinking Water Act, Public Law 93-523, and shall submit on or before February 1, 1976, a statement of intent to provide for treatment methods as specified by the commissioner, to the commissioner for approval. The commissioner shall adopt regulations, in accordance with chapter 54, requiring water companies to report elevated levels of copper in public drinking water.

(i) The department may perform the collection and testing of water samples required by regulations adopted by the commissioner pursuant to this section, in accordance with chapter 54, when requested to do so by a water company. The department shall collect a fee equal to the cost of such collection and testing. Water companies serving one thousand or more persons shall not request routine bacteriological or physical tests under this subsection.

(j) The condemnation by a state department, institution or agency of any land owned by a water company shall be subject to the provisions of this section.

(k) The commissioner may issue an order declaring a moratorium on the expansion or addition to any existing public water system that the commissioner deems incapable of providing new services with a pure and adequate water supply.

(l) The commissioner may issue, modify or revoke orders as needed to carry out the provisions of this part. Except as otherwise provided in this part, such order shall be issued, modified or revoked in accordance with procedures set forth in subsection (b) of section 25-34.

(m) The commissioner shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to include local health departments in the notification process when a water utility reports a water quality problem.

(n) (1) On and after the effective date of regulations adopted under this subsection, no person shall operate any water treatment plant, water distribution system or small water system that treats or supplies water used or intended for use by the public, test any backflow prevention device, perform a cross connection survey without a certificate issued by the commissioner under this subsection or operate any water treatment plant or water distribution system as an operator-in-training unless such person is issued a certificate by the commissioner under this subsection. The commissioner shall adopt regulations, in accordance with chapter 54, to provide: (A) Standards for the operation of such water treatment plants, water distribution systems and small water systems; (B) standards and procedures for the issuance of certificates to operators and operators-in-training of such water treatment plants and water distribution systems and operators of small water systems, including, but not limited to, standards and procedures for the department's approval of third parties to administer certification examinations to such operators and operators-in-training; (C) procedures for the renewal of such certificates to operators every three years; (D) standards for training required for the issuance or renewal of a certificate; (E) standards and procedures for the department's approval of course providers and courses of study as they relate to certified operators and certified operators-in-training of water treatment plants and water distribution systems and certified operators of small water systems and certified persons who test backflow prevention devices or perform cross connection surveys for initial and renewal applications; and (F) standards and procedures for the issuance and renewal of certificates to persons who test backflow prevention devices or perform cross connection surveys. Such regulations shall be consistent with applicable federal law and guidelines for operator certification programs promulgated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. For purposes of this subsection, “small water system” means a public water system, as defined in section 25-33d, that serves less than one thousand persons and has no treatment or has only treatment that does not require any chemical treatment, process adjustment, backwashing or media regeneration by an operator.

(2) The commissioner may take any disciplinary action set forth in section 19a-17, except for the assessment of a civil penalty under subdivision (7) of subsection (a) of section 19a-17, against an operator, an operator-in-training, a person who tests backflow prevention devices or a person who performs cross connection surveys holding a certificate issued under this subsection for any of the following reasons: (A) Fraud or material deception in procuring a certificate, the renewal of a certificate or the reinstatement of a certificate; (B) fraud or material deception in the performance of the certified operator's or certified operator-in-training's professional activities; (C) incompetent, negligent or illegal performance of the certified operator's or certified operator-in-training's professional activities; (D) conviction of the certified operator or certified operator-in-training for a felony; or (E) failure of the certified operator or certified operator-in-training to complete the training required under subdivision (1) of this subsection.

(3) The commissioner may issue an initial certificate to perform a function set forth in subdivision (1) of this subsection upon receipt of a completed application, in a form prescribed by the commissioner, together with an application fee as follows: (A) For a water treatment plant, water distribution system or small water system operator certificate, or operator-in-training certificate for a water treatment plant or water distribution system, two hundred twenty-four dollars, except there shall be no such application fee required for a student enrolled in an accredited high school small water system operator certification course; (B) for a backflow prevention device tester certificate, one hundred fifty-four dollars; and (C) for a cross-connection survey inspector certificate, one hundred fifty-four dollars. A certificate issued pursuant to this subdivision shall expire three years from the date of issuance unless renewed by the certificate holder prior to such expiration date, except a certificate issued for an operator-in-training pursuant to this section shall expire six years from the date of issuance and shall not be renewable. The commissioner may renew a certificate, other than a certificate for an operator-in-training, for an additional three years upon receipt of a completed renewal application, in a form prescribed by the commissioner, together with a renewal application fee as follows: (i) For a water treatment plant, water distribution system or small water system operator certificate, ninety-eight dollars; (ii) for a backflow prevention device tester certificate, sixty-nine dollars; and (iii) for a cross-connection survey inspector certificate, sixty-nine dollars.

(o) The commissioner may adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, that incorporate by reference the provisions of the federal National Primary Drinking Water Regulations in 40 C.F.R. Parts 141 and 142, promulgated by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, provided such regulations (1) are consistent with other regulations adopted pursuant to this section, and (2) explicitly incorporate any future amendments to said federal regulations.

(p) The commissioner may grant a permit for the lease of class I land associated with a groundwater source for use for public drinking water purposes to another water company that serves one thousand or more persons or two hundred fifty or more customers and maintains an approved water supply plan pursuant to section 25-32d, provided a water company acquiring such interest in the property demonstrates that such lease will improve conditions for the existing public drinking water system and will not have a significant adverse impact upon the present and future purity and adequacy of the public drinking water supply. Any water company requesting a permit under this subsection may be required to convey an easement that provides for the protection of the public water supply source and shall submit such easement and any provisions of the lease that pertain to the protection of the public water supply to the commissioner for approval.

(q) Notwithstanding any provision of this section, the commissioner may grant a permit for the lease or change in use of water company land to allow for telecommunications antennas, telecommunications towers, ancillary equipment, related access drives or utilities, used in the provision of personal wireless services, as defined in 47 USC 332(c)(7), if the commissioner determines such lease or change in use will not have an adverse impact on the purity and adequacy of the public drinking water supply and that any use restrictions which the commissioner requires as a condition of granting a permit can be enforced against subsequent owners, lessees and assignees. The permit application shall include, but not be limited to, documentation on the extent of other alternative sites considered unsuitable by the provider of wireless services and a finding by the commissioner that such lease or change in use of water company land will not have a significant adverse impact upon the purity and adequacy of the public drinking supply. Any permit granted under this subsection shall be subject to any conditions or restrictions which the commissioner may deem necessary to maintain the purity and adequacy of the public drinking water supply.

(1949 Rev., S. 4015; 1967, P.A. 691, S. 2; P.A. 74-303, S. 1; P.A. 75-513, S. 1, 5; P.A. 76-268; P.A. 77-606, S. 4, 10; 77-614, S. 323, 587, 610; P.A. 78-303, S. 71, 85, 136; P.A. 79-192; 79-522, S. 1, 2; P.A. 81-472, S. 139, 159; P.A. 85-336, S. 1, 6; P.A. 88-172, S. 3; 88-354, S. 4; P.A. 89-301, S. 3; P.A. 93-381, S. 9, 39; P.A. 95-211, S. 1; 95-257, S. 12, 21, 58; 95-329, S. 1, 31; P.A. 96-100, S. 2; P.A. 97-304, S. 21, 31; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 99-2, S. 63; P.A. 00-90, S. 1, 3; 00-203, S. 7, 11; P.A. 01-204, S. 4, 29; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9, S. 73, 131; P.A. 03-252, S. 15; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 04-2, S. 45; P.A. 06-53, S. 3; P.A. 09-232, S. 47, 48; P.A. 11-242, S. 71; P.A. 12-197, S. 42; P.A. 13-298, S. 62; P.A. 14-231, S. 12; P.A. 17-10, S. 5; P.A. 19-194, S. 2; P.A. 23-31, S. 17; P.A. 24-68, S. 9.)

History: 1967 act gave health department jurisdiction over adequacy of water and ice supplies, safety of distributing plants and systems, adequacy of methods used to assure water purity, etc.; P.A. 74-303 made previous provisions Subsecs. (a) and (c), added new Subsec. (b) re disposition or change in use of any watershed land and defined the term “watershed land” in Subsec. (c); P.A. 75-513 added Subsec. (d) re physical, chemical and bacteriological standards for drinking water supplies; P.A. 76-268 added Subsec. (e) authorizing health department to collect and test water samples; P.A. 77-606 amended Subsec. (b) to specifically require “written permit” rather than “prior approval” and to replace provisions detailing procedure for disposition or use change with provisions for such disposition or use change of Class I land, inserted new Subsecs. (c) and (d) re provision for disposition or use change of Class II land, relettering remaining Subsecs. accordingly and added Subsec. (f)(3) (formerly Subsec. (d)), requiring standards to assure long-term adequacy of drinking water supplies; P.A. 77-614 replaced commissioner and department of health with commissioner and department of health services, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 78-303 deleted references to abolished public health council in Subsec. (f), substituting commissioner of health services; P.A. 79-192 added Subsec. (h) re condemnation of land; P.A. 79-522 rephrased reference to water treatment plants and distribution systems and added reference to regulations adopted by commissioner in accordance with chapter 54 under Subsec. (a) and added Subsec. (f)(4) requiring classification of treatment plants and distribution systems; P.A. 81-472 made technical changes; P.A. 85-336 amended Subsec. (b) by authorizing reclassification of class I land, amended Subsec. (c) by authorizing reclassification of class II land, inserted new Subsec. (d) to require a permit for the sale of class I or II land and relettered the remaining subsections; P.A. 88-172 added Subsec. (j) re moratoriums; P.A. 88-354 amended Subsec. (b) by requiring applicant to provide notice to municipal officials not more than 15 days before filing an application; P.A. 89-301 added Subsec. (c)(5) requiring commissioner to consider the incremental effect of development in his decision and renumbering the remaining Subdiv. accordingly and amended Subsec. (e) to require determination that public drinking water supply would suffer no harm from sale, lease, assignment or change in use of land; P.A. 93-381 replaced department and commissioner of health services with department and commissioner of public health and addiction services, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 95-211 added new Subsec. (c)(5) re control of watershed land, relettering remaining Subdivs. accordingly and deleting in Subdiv. (6) the requirement that the effect of development be “incremental”, added new Subsec. (e)(1) re class II and III land, renumbering the remaining Subdivs. and adding to Subdiv. (3) the requirement that the commissioner give effect to any use restrictions that may be required as a condition of granting the permit and replacing “harm” with “have a significant adverse effect on”; P.A. 95-257 replaced Commissioner and Department of Public Health and Addiction Services with Commissioner and Department of Public Health, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 95-329 added Subsec. (k) re orders by the commissioner, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 96-100 added Subsec. (l) concerning regulations re local health department notification; P.A. 97-304 amended Subsec. (d) to allow commissioner to grant a permit for the sale of class I or II land to a state agency, effective July 1, 1997; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 99-2 deleted reference to ice, added “aquifer protection areas” and made technical changes; P.A. 00-90 made technical changes in Subsecs. (a), (b), (c), (f), (g), (h), (k) and (l), amended Subsec. (a) by deleting provisions re qualifications of operators of water treatment plants and water distribution systems, amended Subsec. (g) by adding provisions requiring regulations re the reporting of elevated levels of copper in public drinking water, and added new Subsec. (m) re operators of water treatment plants and water distribution systems, effective May 26, 2000; P.A. 00-203 amended Subsec. (c) by adding provision re sale, lease or assignment of class II land to another water company, municipality or nonprofit land conservation organization, added Subsec. (e)(4) re sale, lease or assignment of class II land on or after January 1, 2003, and made articles separating Subdivs. “and” instead of “or”, inserted new Subsec. (f) re using land for recreational purposes, and redesignated former Subsecs. (f) to (m), inclusive, as Subsecs. (g) to (n), inclusive, effective July 1, 2000; P.A. 01-204 amended Subsec. (d) to allow the commissioner to grant a permit for the sale of class II land or the sale or assignment of a conservation restriction or a public access easement on class I or class II land to a private, nonprofit land-holding conservation organization, and to prohibit such purchasing entity or assignee from selling, leasing, or assigning any such land or conservation restriction or public access easement or from selling, leasing, assigning or changing the use of such land without obtaining a permit pursuant to the section, effective July 11, 2001; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9 revised effective date of P.A. 01-204 but without affecting this section; P.A. 03-252 amended Subsec. (n) by adding provisions re jurisdiction over persons who test backflow prevention devices or perform cross connection surveys and making a technical change; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 04-2 added Subsec. (d)(3) re sale of land to a private nonprofit land-holding conservation organization; P.A. 06-53 added Subsec. (o) authorizing Commissioner of Public Health to adopt regulations that incorporate by reference federal drinking water regulations; P.A. 09-232 amended Subsec. (b) by redesignating existing language as Subdivs. (1) to (3), deleting provision re permit for assignment of class I land and adding reference to Subsec. (p) and added Subsec. (p) re commissioner's authority to grant permit for lease of class I land, effective July 8, 2009; P.A. 11-242 amended Subsec. (n) by adding provisions re small water system and deleting provision re adoption of regulations by February 1, 2001, in Subdiv. (1) and by adding Subdiv. (3) re issuance of initial and renewal certificates and fees therefor, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 12-197 amended Subsec. (n)(3)(A) by adding exception re certain high school students; P.A. 13-298 added Subsec. (q) re commissioner's authority to grant permit for the lease or change in use of water company land to allow for telecommunications antennas, telecommunications towers, ancillary equipment, related access drives or utilities used in provision of personal wireless services, effective July 1, 2013; P.A. 14-231 amended Subsec. (e)(1) by deleting provision re land in class II sold, leased or assigned as part of larger parcel containing land in class III and making technical and conforming changes; P.A. 17-10 amended Subsec. (n)(2) by replacing reference to Sec. 19a-17(a)(6) with reference to Sec. 19a-17(a)(7); P.A. 19-194 amended Subsec. (n)(1) by adding provision re standards and procedures for approval of third parties to administer certification examinations to operators in Subpara. (B), added new Subpara. (E) re standards and procedures for department's approval of course providers and courses of study, and redesignated existing Subpara. (E) as Subpara. (F); P.A. 23-31 amended Subsec. (a) by designating existing provision as Subdiv. (1) and adding Subdiv. (2) re right to use such water supply source for future or emergency use and amended Subsec. (g) by adding “or, on and after July 1, 2024, may be,”, effective June 7, 2023; P.A. 24-68 amended Subsec. (n)(1) by adding provision prohibiting operation of any water treatment plant or water distribution system as operator-in-training without certificate, adding references to operators-in-training and certified operators-in-training and making technical and conforming changes, amended Subsec. (n)(2) by adding references to operators-in-training and certified operators-in-training and amended Subsec. (n)(3) by adding provisions re operator-in-training certificates, effective May 28, 2024.

See Secs. 25-37a to 25-37g, inclusive, re regulation of water companies' lands.

Cited. 201 C. 592.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 29-402.

Sec. 29-402. (Formerly Sec. 19-403c). License for demolition business: Application; fees; refusal or revocation. Exemptions. (a) As used in this part, the term “license” includes the whole or part of any permit which the Department of Administrative Services issues under authority of the general statutes, and which (1) requires persons to place their names on a list maintained by the department before they can engage in the business of demolition of buildings, (2) requires a person to demonstrate competence by examination or other means, and (3) may be revoked or suspended by the department for cause.

(b) No person shall engage in the business of demolition of buildings without a license obtained from the Department of Administrative Services. An applicant for an initial license shall file an application with the Department of Administrative Services, furnish evidence of expertise and pay a fee of four hundred forty dollars for a class B license and nine hundred forty dollars for a class A license. Each license shall be valid for twelve months from date of issuance and shall be renewable on application of the licensee upon payment of an annual fee of two hundred fifty dollars for a class B license and seven hundred fifty dollars for a class A license. The department may refuse to issue any such license for cause, and may revoke or refuse to renew any such license for failure to carry out and conform to the provisions of this part or to any regulations adopted hereunder, or for any violation of title 22a. No person shall be refused a license or a renewal thereof, and no license shall be revoked, without an opportunity for a hearing conducted by the Department of Administrative Services in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54.

(c) The provisions of this section shall not apply to (1) a person who is engaged in the disassembly, transportation and reconstruction of historic buildings for historical purposes, in the demolition of farm buildings, in the renovation, alteration or reconstruction of a single-family residence or in the disassembly of nonstructural building materials of a building for the purpose of reusing or recycling such building materials, (2) the removal of underground petroleum storage tanks, (3) the burning of a building or structure as part of an organized fire department training exercise, (4) the deconstruction or disassembly of swimming pools, or (5) the demolition of a single-family residence or outbuilding by an owner of such structure if it does not exceed a height of thirty feet, provided (A) the owner shall be present on site while such demolition work is in progress and shall be held personally liable for any injury to individuals or damage to public or private property caused by such demolition, and (B) such demolition shall be permitted only with respect to buildings which have clearance from other structures, roads or highways equal to or greater than the height of the structure subject to demolition. The local building official may require additional clearance when deemed necessary for safety.

(February, 1965, P.A. 551, S. 3; P.A. 73-491; P.A. 77-177, S. 1; P.A. 78-288, S. 1; P.A. 80-297, S. 4, 20; P.A. 82-451, S. 3, 9; P.A. 87-263, S. 1; P.A. 92-249, S. 6; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 92-6, S. 68, 117; P.A. 04-150, S. 6; P.A. 05-288, S. 197; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-1, S. 153; P.A. 09-35, S. 6; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-3, S. 326; P.A. 11-51, S. 90; P.A. 13-247, S. 200; P.A. 15-131, S. 1; P.A. 17-80, S. 3.)

History: P.A. 73-491 required application for license to be filed with commission on demolition and set fees for Class A and B licenses; P.A. 77-177 exempted persons engaged in disassembling, transportation and reassembly of historical building for historical purposes from provisions; P.A. 78-288 exempted persons engaged in farm building demolition or in renovation, alteration or reconstruction of single-family residences; P.A. 80-297 increased fee for Class A license from $300 to $500 and for Class B license from $100 to $200; P.A. 82-451 transferred powers of state commission on demolition to department of public safety, changed “license” to “certificate of registration” and defined “registration” in new Subsec. (b); Sec. 19-403c transferred to Sec. 29-402 in 1983; P.A. 87-263 amended Subsec. (a) to require applicants for initial registration to furnish evidence of expertise and financial responsibility, and to delete the exemption, and added Subsec. (c), restating and expanding the exemption formerly in Subsec. (a); P.A. 92-249 added violations of title 22a as grounds for revocation of certificates under this section; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 92-6 amended Subsec. (a) to increase the fee for class B certificate from $200 to $300 and from $100 to $200 for a renewal and for class A certificate from $500 to $750 and from $300 to $600 for a renewal; P.A. 04-150 amended Subsec. (c) to add new Subdivs. (2) and (3) exempting the removal of underground petroleum storage tanks and the burning of a building or structure as part of an organized fire department training exercise and to redesignate existing Subdiv. (2) as Subdiv. (4); P.A. 05-288 made technical changes in Subsec. (c), effective July 13, 2005; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-1 increased fee for class B certificate from $300 to $350 in Subsec. (a) and made a technical change in Subsec. (b), effective July 1, 2007; P.A. 09-35 added new Subsec. (a) defining “license”, redesignated existing Subsec. (a) as Subsec. (b), substituted “license” for “registration” and made conforming changes therein and deleted former Subsec. (b) defining “registration”; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-3 amended Subsec. (b) to increase fees; pursuant to P.A. 11-51, “Department of Public Safety” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Department of Construction Services” in Subsecs. (a) and (b), effective July 1, 2011; pursuant to P.A. 13-247, “Department of Construction Services” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Department of Administrative Services”, effective July 1, 2013; P.A. 15-131 amended Subsec. (c)(1) to add provision re person engaged in disassembly of nonstructural building materials of a building for purpose of reusing or recycling building materials, effective June 23, 2015; P.A. 17-80 amended Subsec. (b) to delete “and financial responsibility” and amended Subsec. (c) to add new Subdiv. (4) re deconstruction or disassembly of swimming pools to redesignate existing Subdiv. (4) as Subdiv. (5), and to make a technical change, effective July 1, 2017.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 30-1.

Sec. 30-1. Definitions. For the purposes of this chapter, unless the context indicates a different meaning:

(1) “Airline” means any (A) United States airline carrier holding a certificate of public convenience and necessity from the Civil Aeronautics Board under Section 401 of the Federal Aviation Act of 1958, as amended from time to time, or (B) foreign flag carrier holding a permit under Section 402 of said act.

(2) “Alcohol” (A) means the product of distillation of any fermented liquid that is rectified at least once and regardless of such liquid's origin, and (B) includes synthetic ethyl alcohol which is considered nonpotable.

(3) “Alcoholic beverage” and “alcoholic liquor” include the four varieties of liquor defined in subdivisions (2), (5), (21) and (22) of this section (alcohol, beer, spirits and wine) and every liquid or solid, patented or unpatented, containing alcohol, beer, spirits or wine and at least one-half of one per cent alcohol by volume, and capable of being consumed by a human being as a beverage. Any liquid or solid containing more than one of the four varieties so defined belongs to the variety which has the highest percentage of alcohol according to the following order: Alcohol, spirits, wine and beer, except as provided in subdivision (22) of this section.

(4) “Backer” means, except in cases where the permittee is the proprietor, the proprietor of any business or club, incorporated or unincorporated, that is engaged in manufacturing or selling alcoholic liquor and in which business a permittee is associated, whether as an agent, employee or part owner.

(5) “Beer” means any beverage obtained by the alcoholic fermentation of a decoction or infusion of barley, hops and malt in drinking water.

(6) “Boat” means any vessel that is (A) operating on any waterway of this state, and (B) engaged in transporting passengers for hire to or from any port of this state.

(7) “Business entity” means any incorporated or unincorporated association, corporation, firm, joint stock company, limited liability company, limited liability partnership, partnership, trust or other legal entity.

(8) “Case price” means the price of a container made of cardboard, wood or any other material and containing units of the same class and size of alcoholic liquor. A case of alcoholic liquor, other than beer, cocktails, cordials, prepared mixed drinks and wines, shall be in the quantity and number, or fewer, with the permission of the Commissioner of Consumer Protection, of bottles or units as follows: (A) Six one thousand seven hundred fifty milliliter bottles, (B) six one thousand eight hundred milliliter bottles, (C) twelve seven hundred milliliter bottles, (D) twelve seven hundred twenty milliliter bottles, (E) twelve seven hundred fifty milliliter bottles, (F) twelve nine hundred milliliter bottles, (G) twelve one liter bottles, (H) twenty-four three hundred seventy-five milliliter bottles, (I) forty-eight two hundred milliliter bottles, (J) sixty one hundred milliliter bottles, or (K) one hundred twenty fifty milliliter bottles, except a case of fifty milliliter bottles may be in a quantity and number as originally configured, packaged and sold by the manufacturer or out-of-state shipper prior to shipment if the number of such bottles in such case is not greater than two hundred. The commissioner shall not authorize fewer quantities or numbers of bottles or units as specified in this subdivision for any one person or entity more than eight times in any calendar year. For the purposes of this subdivision, “class” has the same meaning as provided in 27 CFR 4.21 for wine, 27 CFR 5.22 for spirits and 27 CFR 7.24 for beer.

(9) “Club” has the same meaning as provided in section 30-22aa.

(10) “Coliseum” has the same meaning as provided in section 30-33a.

(11) “Commission” means the Liquor Control Commission established under this chapter.

(12) “Department” means the Department of Consumer Protection.

(13) “Dining room” means any room or rooms (A) located in premises operating under (i) a hotel permit issued under section 30-21, (ii) a restaurant permit issued under subsection (a) of section 30-22, (iii) a restaurant permit for wine and beer issued under subsection (b) of section 30-22, (iv) a cafe permit issued under section 30-22a, or (v) a cafe permit for wine, beer and cider issued under section 30-22g, and (B) where meals are customarily served to any member of the public who has means of payment and a proper demeanor.

(14) “Mead” means fermented honey (A) with or without additions or adjunct ingredients, and (B) regardless of (i) alcohol content, (ii) process, and (iii) whether such honey is carbonated, sparkling or still.

(15) “Minor” means any person who is younger than twenty-one years of age.

(16) “Noncommercial entity” means an academic institution, charitable organization, government organization, nonprofit organization or similar entity that is not primarily dedicated to obtaining a commercial advantage or monetary compensation.

(17) “Nonprofit club” has the same meaning as provided in section 30-22aa.

(18) (A) “Person” means an individual, including, but not limited to, a partner.

(B) “Person” does not include any business entity.

(19) (A) “Proprietor” includes all owners of a business or club, incorporated or unincorporated, that is engaged in manufacturing or selling alcoholic liquor, whether such owners are persons, fiduciaries, business entities, stockholders of corporations or otherwise.

(B) “Proprietor” does not include any person who, or business entity that, is merely a creditor, whether as a bond holder, franchisor, landlord or note holder, of a business or club, incorporated or unincorporated, that is engaged in manufacturing or selling alcoholic liquor.

(20) “Restaurant” has the same meaning as provided in section 30-22.

(21) “Spirits” means any beverage that contains alcohol obtained by distillation mixed with drinkable water and other substances in solution, including brandy, rum, whiskey and gin.

(22) “Wine” means any alcoholic beverage obtained by fermenting the natural sugar content of fruits, such as apples, grapes or other agricultural products, containing such sugar, including fortified wines such as port, sherry and champagne.

(1949 Rev., S. 4222; 1951, 1953, S. 2148d; 1957, P.A. 267, S. 1; 617, S. 1; 1959, P.A. 590; 1961, P.A. 292; 1963, P.A. 274, S. 1; February, 1965, P.A. 512; 553, S. 1; 1967, P.A. 365, S. 1; 725, S. 1; 1969, P.A. 135, S. 1; 724, S. 1; 739; 1971, P.A. 254, S. 1; 1972, P.A. 127, S. 57; P.A. 73-222; 73-533, S. 1; 73-543, S. 1; 73-563, S. 1; P.A. 74-307, S. 1; P.A. 75-259, S. 1, 8; 75-641, S. 1; P.A. 77-614, S. 165, 587, 610; P.A. 78-80, S. 1, 4; 78-82, S. 2; 78-202, S. 1, 2, 5; 78-294, S. 1, 5; 78-303, S. 80, 85, 136; P.A. 79-404, S. 38, 45; P.A. 80-198, S. 2; 80-482, S. 4, 170, 189, 191, 345, 348; P.A. 81-287, S. 1; 81-294, S. 6, 22; P.A. 82-68, S. 1, 11; 82-299, S. 1, 6; P.A. 83-152, S. 2; 83-508, S. 2; P.A. 85-264, S. 1, 4; 85-613, S. 82, 154; P.A. 89-181, S. 1, 6; P.A. 90-72, S. 1; 90-271, S. 18, 24; P.A. 91-118, S. 1; P.A. 93-139, S. 1; 93-326, S. 2; P.A. 95-79, S. 105, 189; 95-195, S. 11, 83; P.A. 03-235, S. 4; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(d); P.A. 04-169, S. 17; 04-189, S. 1; P.A. 05-288, S. 132; P.A. 06-94, S. 1; P.A. 16-18, S. 1; P.A. 19-24, S. 2, 3; P.A. 21-10, S. 6; 21-37, S. 54; P.A. 22-104, S. 1; P.A. 23-50, S. 1, 2; P.A. 24-85, S. 1; 24-142, S. 54.)

History: 1959 act redefined club to qualify national or international fraternal or social organizations or affiliates in existence in state 1 year; 1961 act redefined case price to include cordials, cocktails, wines and prepared mixed drinks in exception; 1963 act added Subdiv. (21) defining “grocery store”; 1965 acts redefined “hotel” to include golf facilities and swimming pools as part of hotel premises and added Subdiv. (22) defining “golf country club”; 1967 acts added Subdivs. (23) and (24) defining “cafe” and “nonprofit theater”; 1969 acts redefined “bottle price” to specify applicability to alcoholic liquor other than beer and to clarify unit sizes, redefined “golf country club” to allow application for permit by organizations in existence for less than 1 year if certain conditions are met and redefined “case price” similarly for clarity and added Subdiv. (25) defining “nonprofit public art museum”; 1971 act added Subdiv. (26) defining “charitable organization”; 1972 act redefined “minor” to reflect lowered age of majority, i.e. from 21 to 18; P.A. 73-222 changed population marker in “hotel” definition from 15,000 to 40,000; P.A. 73-533 added Subdivs. (27) to (29) defining “coliseum”, “coliseum club” and “arena”; P.A. 73-543 added Subdiv. (30) defining “airline”; P.A. 73-563 redefined “hotel” adding as determiner of classification number of days food is served per week and whether or not food is served at all times when liquor is served; P.A. 74-307 added Subdiv. (31) defining “special sporting facility”; P.A. 75-259 redefined “case price” to include liter and milliliter bottles; P.A. 75-641 rearranged Subdivs. to place terms defined in alphabetical order; P.A. 77-614 replaced liquor control commission with division of liquor control within the department of business regulation, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 78-80 added Subdiv. (32) defining “motel”; P.A. 78-82 added Subdiv. (33) defining “resort”; P.A. 78-202 added Subdiv. (34) defining “special outing facility”; P.A. 78-294 added Subdiv. (35) defining “farm winery”; P.A. 78-303 created exceptions to replacement of liquor control commission with division of liquor control; P.A. 79-404 replaced commission on special revenue with gaming policy board in Subdiv. (28); P.A. 80-198 included sales of wine in definition of “tavern”; P.A. 80-482 (See Secs. 4, 170 and 191) made division of liquor control an independent department and abolished the department of business regulation, overriding provision of same act which would have placed the division within the public safety department; P.A. 81-287 amended Subdiv. (11), defining “club”, to include definition of “nonprofit club”; P.A. 81-294 amended Subdiv. (7), defining “bottle price”, to include references to metric units and to allow increases greater than the previously stated amounts of two, four or eight cents in determining bottle price, effective January 1, 1982; P.A. 82-68 amended Subdiv. (20) by redefining “minor” as a person under 19 years of age, raising the age from 18; P.A. 82-299 added Subdiv. (36) defining “catering establishment”; P.A. 83-152 added a new Subdiv. (37) defining “nonprofit public television corporation”; P.A. 83-508 amended Subdiv. (20) by redefining “minor” as a person under 20 years of age, raising the age from 19; P.A. 85-264 redefined “minor” in Subdiv. (20) as any person under 21 years of age other than a person who has attained the age of 20 on or before September 1, 1985; P.A. 85-613 made technical change in Subdiv. (9); P.A. 89-181 added a new Subdiv. (38) defining “brew pub”; P.A. 90-72 added Subdiv. (15)(B) re an alternative definition of “golf country club”; P.A. 90-271 made a technical change in Subdiv. (2); P.A. 91-118 amended Subdiv. (21) by deleting “art” before “museum”, thus defining a permit that could be obtained by all nonprofit public museums, without regard to whether “art” was displayed there and deleted the word “floor”, before “area”, in the phrase “one hundred thousand square feet of floor area”; P.A. 93-139 made technical changes, amended the definitions of “alcoholic liquor”, “minor” and “dining room”, entirely redefined “club”, “coliseum”, “golf country club”, “restaurant”, “special sporting facility” and “nonprofit public television corporation” and deleted the definitions of “arena”, “bottle price”, “cafe”, “nonprofit club”, “coliseum club”, “grocery store”, “hotel”, “licensed pharmacist” or “licensed druggist”, “licensed pharmacy”, “nonprofit public museum”, “nonprofit theater”, “pharmacy commission”, “tavern”, “motel”, “resort”, “special outing facility”, “farm winery”, “catering establishment” and “brew pub”; P.A. 93-326 would have redefined “special outing facility” to reduce pavilion seating capacity from two hundred fifty people to one hundred fifty people, but failed to take effect since that definition was repealed by P.A. 93-139; P.A. 95-79 redefined “person” to exclude limited liability companies, effective May 31, 1995; P.A. 95-195 amended Subdiv. (10) to substitute Department of Consumer Protection for Department of Liquor Control, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 03-235 amended Subdiv. (6) by adding ninety-six 100-milliliter bottles to definition of “case price”, effective June 26, 2003; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 and P.A. 04-169 replaced Department of Consumer Protection with Department of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-189 repealed Sec. 146 of June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, thereby reversing the merger of the Departments of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective June 1, 2004; P.A. 05-288 made a technical change in Subdiv. (14), effective July 13, 2005; P.A. 06-94 amended Subdiv. (14) to change reference from “subdivision (5)” to “subdivision (4)” and add exclusion for landlords and franchisors in definition of “proprietor”; P.A. 16-18 amended Subdiv. (6) to redefine “case price” by adding “, or fewer, with the permission of the Commissioner of Consumer Protection,” and replacing provisions re number and quantity of units or bottles with new provisions re same in Subpara. (B) and adding provision re commissioner not to authorize fewer numbers or quantities of units or bottles, effective May 6, 2016; P.A. 19-24 replaced “(19)” with “(20)” in Subdiv. (3) and redefined “case price” in Subdiv. (6), effective June 5, 2019, and replaced “(19)” with “(20)” in Subdiv. (3), redefined “case price” in Subdiv. (6), deleted former Subdiv. (8) defining “club”, redesignated existing Subdivs. (9) and (10) as new Subdivs. (8) and (9), deleted former Subdiv. (11) defining “golf country club”, added new Subdiv. (10) defining “mead”, redesignated existing Subdivs. (12) to (14) as new Subdivs. (11) to (13), redesignated existing Subdiv. (15) as new Subdiv. (14) and amended same to redefine “dining room”, redesignated existing Subdiv. (16) as new Subdiv. (15), deleted former Subdiv. (17) defining “special sporting facility”, redesignated existing Subdivs. (18) to (20) as new Subdivs. (16) to (18), effective July 1, 2020; P.A. 21-10 amended Subdiv. (3) by replacing references to Subdivs. (16) and (17) with Subdivs. (18) and (19) and a reference to Subdiv. (20) with Subdiv. (19), added new Subdiv. (8) defining “club”, redesignated existing Subdivs. (8) and (9) as Subdivs. (9) and (10), amended Subdiv. (10) by deleting definition of “department”, added new Subdiv. (11) defining “department”, redesignated existing Subdivs. (10) to (18) as Subdivs. (12) to (20), amended Subdiv. (15) by making technical changes and added Subdiv. (21) defining “nonprofit club”, effective May 13, 2021; P.A. 21-37 amended Subdivs. (3) and (13) to make technical changes and amended Subdiv. (14) to redefine “dining room” by adding reference to wine or cafe permit, effective July 1, 2021; P.A. 22-104 amended Subdiv. (1) by dividing existing provisions into Subparas. (A) and (B), amended Subdiv. (2) by dividing existing provisions into Subparas. (A) and (B), added new Subdiv. (6) defining “boat”, redesignated existing Subdivs. (6) to (11) as Subdivs. (7) to (12), amended redesignated Subdiv. (7) by deleting former Subpara. (A) and (B) designators, redesignating existing Subpara. (B)(i) as Subpara. (A), adding new Subpara. (B) and Subparas. (C) and (D) re 1,800 milliliter bottles, 700 milliliter bottles and 720 milliliter bottles, respectively, redesignating existing Subpara. (B)(iii) as Subpara. (E), adding Subpara. (F) re 900 milliliter bottles, redesignating existing Subpara. (B)(ii) as Subpara. (G) and redesignating existing Subpara. (B)(iv) to (vii) as Subparas. (H) to (K), amended redesignated Subdiv. (8) by dividing existing provisions into Subparas. (A) and (B), redesignated former Subdivs. (16), (20) and (21) as Subdivs. (13), (17) and (16), respectively, amended redesignated Subdiv. (14) by dividing existing provisions into Subparas. (A), (B) and (B)(i) to (iii), redesignated existing Subdiv. (13) as Subdiv. (15), redesignated existing Subdiv. (14) as Subdiv. (18) and divided existing provisions into Subparas. (A) and (B), redesignated existing Subdiv. (15) as Subdiv. (19) and divided existing provisions into Subparas. (A) and (B), redesignated existing Subdiv. (19) as Subdiv. (22), and made technical and conforming changes throughout, effective May 24, 2022; P.A. 23-50 deleted former Subdiv. (8) defining “charitable organization”, redesignated existing Subdivs. (9) to (15) as Subdivs. (8) to (14), added new Subdiv. (15) defining “noncommercial entity”, deleted former Subdiv. (17) defining “nonprofit public television corporation”, redesignated existing Subdivs. (18) to (22) as Subdivs. (17) to (21), and made conforming changes in Subdiv. (3), effective July 1, 2023, and added references to Secs. 30-16d, 30-16e, 30-22f and 30-37u, included in existing reference to “this chapter”, effective October 1, 2023; P.A. 24-85 amended Subdiv. (12) defining “dining room” by adding Subpara. (A)(v) re cafe permit for wine, beer and cider issued under Sec. 30-22g, and made conforming changes, effective July 1, 2024; P.A. 24-142 added new Subdiv. (7) defining “business entity”, redesignated existing Subdivs. (7) to (21) as Subdivs. (8) to (22), redefined “person” by substituting reference to business entity for reference to corporation, joint stock company, limited liability company or other association of individuals in redesignated Subdiv. (18)(B), redefined “proprietor” by substituting reference to business entities for reference to joint stock companies in redesignated Subdiv. (19)(A) and reference to business entity for reference to corporation in redesignated Subdiv. (19)(B), and made conforming changes in Subdiv. (3), effective June 6, 2024.

The following cases decided prior to enactment of the Liquor Control Act of 1933: Complaint charging sale of “spirituous liquor, to wit: beer,” sufficient. 51 C. 1. Spirituous and intoxicating liquors include medicines prepared and sold by a druggist, of which a part is spirituous liquor. 61 C. 39. When lease contained provision that rental should be reduced one-half in case city wherein premises leased were located “should go no license”, passage of Volstead act operated to reduce rental one-half. 98 C. 751. Partially denatured alcohol readily made fit for beverage purposes held to be intoxicating liquor; any liquor specifically mentioned in former section or declared intoxicating by United States laws is intoxicating liquor; whether or not liquor is fit for beverage purposes is for the jury. 100 C. 645. Only such parts of statute defining intoxicating liquors as are relevant need be covered in charge. 102 C. 636. The following cases decided subsequent to enactment of Liquor Control Act: The definitions given of “alcohol”, “beer”, etc. are sufficiently broad to include medicinal compounds containing alcohol. 118 C. 252. It is not necessary that proof of alcoholic content in a given case be established only by an expert. 119 C. 439. Defendant not harmed by court's statement that it was undisputed that beer was “alcoholic liquor”. 120 C. 43. Under former statute, “regularly served” meals are meals served during hours restaurants are usually open; however, there must be a bona fide restaurant business. 121 C. 446. Whether or not place of business conformed to statutory definition is a question of fact. Id., 695. Commission did not abuse its discretion in refusing permits on ground restaurant business not bona fide. 123 C. 318. Cited. 124 C. 690. Action of commission must be tested by condition of club's premises at time of the hearing. 125 C. 106. A change from unincorporated to incorporated form not material to continuous existence of a club. Id., 108. Service of hot meals insufficient to afford assurance of bona fide restaurant business. 128 C. 115. Cited. 132 C. 665; 133 C. 151. Mere possession of supply of food sufficient to offer limited number and variety of meals would not make premises restaurant if there were so few food patrons or their demands for food were so insignificant that service of hot meals was not a regular part of permittee's business. 149 C. 511. Cited. 158 C. 362; 160 C. 4. An association operating under a club liquor permit which terminated the voting rights of its members and made its board of governors self-perpetuating does not come within the statutory definition of “club” as defined in the Liquor Control Act. 166 C. 97. Cited. 191 C. 528; 195 C. 18; 207 C. 88; 236 C. 670.

Discussed. 5 CS 234. Statutory requirements to be a club reviewed. 16 CS 60. Word “person” interpreted to allow a corporation to be eligible for a liquor permit. 18 CS 273. History of section reviewed. 20 CS 256. Cited. 22 CS 354. “Owner” means all persons who have combined in them both the title to and right of possession of the business and the owner shall be responsible for the conduct of the business; management does not mean ownership. Id., 420. Cited. 23 CS 281; Id., 474; 36 CS 305.

Purpose of act was to redefine and extend privilege of acquiring a grocery store beer permit to stores other than grocery stores; not determinative as to whether supermarket is grocery store for purposes of Sec. 53-290. 3 Conn. Cir. Ct. 682. Cited. 4 Conn. Cir. Ct. 170. Chemical analysis is not only method by which jury may determine that beer sold to minor is alcoholic beverage within prohibition of statute; common knowledge of well-known and nationally advertised brands may establish fact for jury. 5 Conn. Cir. Ct. 373.

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Secs. 30-1a and 30-1b. Term “Liquor Control Commission” deemed to mean Division of Liquor Control within the Department of Business Regulation, exception. Term “Division of Liquor Control” or “Division of Liquor Control within the Department of Public Safety” deemed to mean “Department of Liquor Control”, when. Sections 30-1a and 30-1b are repealed.

(P.A. 77-614, S. 165, 610; P.A. 78-303, S. 80, 136; P.A. 80-482, S. 170, 346, 348; P.A. 93-139, S. 73.)

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PART II

DEPARTMENT OF CONSUMER PROTECTION: LIQUOR CONTROL

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 30-21.

Sec. 30-21. Hotel permit. (a) A hotel permit shall allow the retail sale of alcoholic liquor to be consumed on the premises of a hotel. The annual fee for a hotel permit shall be two thousand fifty-five dollars.

(b) (1) A patron of a dining room, restaurant or other dining facility in a hotel may remove one unsealed bottle of wine for off-premises consumption provided the patron has purchased a full course meal and consumed a portion of the bottle of wine with such meal on the hotel premises. For purposes of this section, “full course meal” means a diversified selection of food which ordinarily cannot be consumed without the use of tableware and which cannot be conveniently consumed while standing or walking.

(2) A partially consumed bottle of wine that is to be removed from the dining facility premises within the hotel pursuant to this subsection shall be securely sealed and placed in a bag by the permittee or permittee's agent or employee prior to removal from such premises.

(c) “Hotel” means every building or other structure kept, used, maintained, advertised or held out to the public to be a place where food is served or is available at all times when alcoholic liquor is served or is available where sleeping accommodations are offered for pay to transient guests and not less than five rooms are used for the sleeping accommodations of transient guests and where food is served or is available at least seven days a week and, in any case, having one or more dining rooms where meals are served to transient guests, such sleeping accommodations and dining rooms being conducted in the same building or buildings in connection therewith, and such building or buildings, structure or structures being provided, in the judgment of the department, with adequate and sanitary kitchen and dining room equipment and capacity, and having employed therein such number and kinds of servants and employees as the department may, by regulation, prescribe for preparing, cooking and serving suitable food for its guests. Golf facilities and swimming pools within the confines of the entire property owned by and under the control of the permittee or backer shall also be considered part of the hotel premises.

(1949 Rev., S. 4243; 1951, S. 2158d; 1969, P.A. 349, S. 1; 1972, P.A. 233, S. 1; P.A. 75-641, S. 5; P.A. 93-139, S. 16; P.A. 04-33, S. 1; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-3, S. 336; P.A. 19-24, S. 21.)

History: 1969 act revised provisions so that women could sell liquor at bars, where previously they could not and prohibited women not involved in sales from standing at bars where previously they could not “sit or stand” at a bar; 1972 act deleted discriminatory provision re women; P.A. 75-641 changed numeric Subsec. indicators to alphabetic indicators; P.A. 93-139 added the annual fee for each hotel permit and added Subsec. (c) defining “hotel”; P.A. 04-33 added new Subsec. (c) permitting a patron to remove one unsealed bottle of wine for off-premises consumption, and relettered former Subsec. (c) as Subsec. (d); June Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-3 increased fees in Subsecs. (a) and (b); P.A. 19-24 amended Subsec. (a) by deleting provisions re annual fee for hotel permit, amended Subsec. (b) by deleting provisions re retail sale of beer and cider, replacing provision re annual fee for hotel permit for beer to be $300 with provision re annual fee for hotel permit to be $2,055, and deleted former Subsec. (b) designator, redesignated existing Subsec. (c) as new Subsec. (b), redesignated existing Subsec. (d) as new Subsec. (c) and amended same by redefining “hotel”, effective July 1, 2020.

Cited. 119 C. 437; 121 C. 443; 157 C. 315; 158 C. 362; 184 C. 75.

Cited. 36 CS 305.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 47-68

Sec. 47-68a. Short title: Condominium Act of 1976. Definitions. This chapter shall be known as the “Condominium Act of 1976”. As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires:

(a) “Condominium” means real property and any incidents thereto and interests therein, lawfully submitted to this chapter by the recordation of condominium instruments pursuant to the provisions of this chapter.

(b) “Unit” means a part of the property including one or more rooms or designated spaces located on one or more floors or a part or parts thereof in a building, intended for any type of independent use, and with a direct exit to a public street or highway or to common elements leading to such street or highway.

(c) “Unit owner” means the person or persons owning a condominium unit or leasing a unit in a leasehold condominium, as hereinafter provided, and an undivided interest in the common elements specified and established in the declaration and the heirs, executors, administrators, successors and assigns of such person or persons, and a mortgagee or lienholder holding both legal and equitable title.

(d) “Condominium instruments” means the declarations, bylaws, survey maps and plans recorded and filed pursuant to the provisions of this chapter. Any exhibit, schedule, or certification accompanying a condominium instrument and recorded or filed simultaneously therewith shall be deemed an integral part of that condominium instrument. Any amendment or certification of any condominium instrument shall, from the time of the recordation or filing of such amendment or certification, be deemed an integral part of the affected condominium instrument, so long as such amendment or certification was made in accordance with the provisions of this chapter.

(e) “Common elements” means all portions of the condominium other than the units.

(f) “Recreation facilities” means that portion of the common elements intended for recreational, social and similar community use by the unit owners.

(g) “Limited common elements” means and includes those common elements designated in the declaration as reserved for the use of a certain unit or units to the exclusion of other units.

(h) “Common expenses” means and includes: (1) Expenses of administration, maintenance, repair or replacement of the common elements; (2) expenses declared common expenses by provisions of this chapter or by the condominium instruments; (3) expenses agreed upon as common expenses by the association of unit owners and lawfully assessed against the unit owners in accordance with the condominium instruments; (4) reasonable reserves established for the repair or replacement of capital improvements, or improvements with more than a single year life.

(i) “Common profits” means the balance of all income, rent, profits and revenues from the common elements remaining after the deduction of the common expenses.

(j) “Majority” or “majority of unit owners” means the owners of more than fifty per cent of the voting power in a condominium unit owners' association. Any specified percentage of unit owners, unless otherwise stated, means such percentage in the aggregate of such voting power.

(k) “Person” means an individual, corporation, limited liability company, partnership, association, trustee or other entity capable of holding an interest in real property or any combination thereof.

(l) “Property” means and includes the land, all buildings, all improvements and structures thereon, and all easements, rights and appurtenances belonging thereto, which have been or are intended to be submitted to the provisions of this chapter.

(m) “Declarant” means the person or persons who execute the declaration or on whose behalf the declaration is executed. From the time of the recordation of any amendment to the declaration expanding an expandable condominium, all persons who execute such amendment or on whose behalf such amendment is executed shall also come within this definition. Any successors of the persons referred to in this subsection who acquire fee simple title to condominium units or title to leasehold condominium units and who come to stand in the same relation to the condominium as their predecessors or by whom rights of the declarant reserved in the condominium instruments which are different from other unit owners, other than rights to maintain model units and sales offices, have been exercised shall also come within this definition, except that each successor shall be responsible only for (1) prospective performance from the date a successor became a successor under covenants and agreements in the condominium and other instruments affecting the property which run with the land and which are recorded on the land records of the town within which the condominium is situated, and in accordance with the representations with regard to the construction and improvement of the condominium property in any public offering statement delivered to a purchaser as required by section 47-71b, (2) obligations expressly assumed, (3) warranties on the buildings and common elements, or the portions thereof, constructed by any successor after the date on which such successor became a successor, and (4) the acts and omissions of such successor, and any liability arising therefrom, from the date such successor became a successor. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no lending institution as a successor after acquisition of title to a condominium by foreclosure of a mortgage or acceptance of a deed in lieu thereof, shall be responsible for performance in accordance with any different representations in any public offering statement subsequent to the first public offering statement delivered to the first purchaser of a unit in the condominium unless written consent thereto of the lending institution shall be attached to each subsequent public offering statement, and if no such consent is attached, each subsequent public offering statement shall identify the different representations and state that if the lending institution becomes a successor it shall not be responsible for performance in accordance with such different representations. No declarant shall make any different representations in any public offering statement subsequent to the first public offering statement delivered to the first purchaser of a unit in the condominium with regard to the construction and improvement of the condominium property unless such construction and improvement has been completed prior thereto.

(n) “Unit number” means the number, letter, or combination thereof, designating the unit in the condominium instruments.

(o) “Association of unit owners” means all of the unit owners acting as a group in accordance with the condominium instruments.

(p) “Building” means a structure or structures containing one or more units and comprising a part of the property.

(q) “Improvements” means any construction on or in any land included in the condominium, including, but not limited to, roads, buildings, poles, wires, sewers, drains, clubhouses, swimming pools, tennis courts, man-made lakes, ponds and watercourses.

(r) “Purchaser” means any person or persons who acquire, or enter into a nonbinding reservation agreement, bond for deed or contract for the purchase of, a condominium unit, including any person or persons who acquire or enter into a contract for the right to occupy a nonresidential condominium unit as a lessee in exchange for an initial payment to the seller of greater than twice the periodical payments and periodical payments thereafter.

(s) “Board of directors” means an entity consisting of natural persons elected by the unit owners to direct the operation of the condominium.

(t) “Officer” means any member of the board of directors or official of the unit owner's association.

(u) “Offer” means any inducement, solicitation or attempt to encourage any person or persons to acquire any legal or beneficial interest in a condominium.

(v) “Nonbinding reservation agreement” means an agreement between the declarant and a purchaser which is in no way binding on the purchaser and which may be cancelled without penalty at the sole discretion of the purchaser by written notice to the declarant or to any agent of the declarant at any time prior to the formation of a contract for sale of a condominium unit or an interest therein. Such agreement shall not contain any provision for waiver or any other provision in derogation of the rights of the purchaser as contemplated by this definition, nor shall any such provision be a part of any ancillary agreement.

(w) “Size” means the number of cubic feet, or the number of square feet of ground or floor space, within each unit as computed by reference to the survey and plans and rounded off to a whole number. Certain spaces within the units including, without limitation, attic, basement, and garage space may but need not be omitted from such calculation or partially discounted by the use of a ratio, so long as the same basis of calculation is employed for all similar units in the condominium, and so long as that basis is described in the declaration.

(x) “Conversion condominium” means a condominium containing structures which were wholly or partially occupied more than six months before the recording of the declaration by persons other than those holding a contract for the purchase of a unit therein.

(y) “Expandable condominium” means a condominium to which additional land may be added in accordance with the provisions of the declaration and of this chapter.

(z) “Warranty deed” includes a warranty deed, executor's deed, administrator's deed, committee deed, or a deed ordered by any court of competent jurisdiction.

(aa) “Nonresidential condominium” means property submitted to the provisions of this chapter which contain no residential units other than units occupied by superintendents, janitors and like maintenance personnel.

(bb) “Lessee” means a unit owner of an undivided interest in a leasehold on a fee which has been submitted to the provisions of this chapter.

(cc) “Leasehold condominium” means property submitted to the provisions of this chapter by the fee owner, whereby unit leases are issued for a period not less than fifty years and provided, in a residential leasehold condominium, such lease provides that the lessee shall have the option to purchase the fee simple title to the demised property during the term of the lease at a price stated or by a method stated for subsequent determination of the total price.

(P.A. 76-308, S. 1, 36; P.A. 77-453, S. 1, 7; P.A. 95-79, S. 169, 189.)

History: P.A. 77-453 redefined “declarant” to specify successors who “acquire fee simple to condominium units or title to leasehold condominium units”, to add exceptions, to add provision re responsibilities of lending institutions as successors and to add provision prohibiting declarant's making different representations in public offering statements subsequent to first offering statement except as specified; P.A. 95-79 redefined “person” to include a limited liability company, effective May 31, 1995.

Cited. 177 C. 295; 196 C. 596; 212 C. 147.

Cited. 7 CA 496.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-148.

Sec. 7-148. Scope of municipal powers. (a) Definitions. Whenever used in this section, “municipality” means any town, city or borough, consolidated town and city or consolidated town and borough.

(b) Ordinances. Powers granted to any municipality under the general statutes or by any charter or special act, unless the charter or special act provides to the contrary, shall be exercised by ordinance when the exercise of such powers has the effect of:

(1) Establishing rules or regulations of general municipal application, the violation of which may result in the imposition of a fine or other penalty including community service for not more than twenty hours; or

(2) Creating a permanent local law of general applicability.

(c) Powers. Any municipality shall have the power to do any of the following, in addition to all powers granted to municipalities under the Constitution and general statutes:

(1) Corporate powers. (A) Contract and be contracted with, sue and be sued, and institute, prosecute, maintain and defend any action or proceeding in any court of competent jurisdiction;

(B) Provide for the authentication, execution and delivery of deeds, contracts, grants, and releases of municipal property and for the issuance of evidences of indebtedness of the municipality;

(2) Finances and appropriations. (A) Establish and maintain a budget system;

(B) Assess, levy and collect taxes for general or special purposes on all property, subjects or objects which may be lawfully taxed, and regulate the mode of assessment and collection of taxes and assessments not otherwise provided for, including establishment of a procedure for the withholding of approval of building application when taxes or water or sewer rates, charges or assessments imposed by the municipality are delinquent for the property for which an application was made;

(C) Make appropriations for the support of the municipality and pay its debts;

(D) Make appropriations for the purpose of meeting a public emergency threatening the lives, health or property of citizens, provided such appropriations shall require a favorable vote of at least two-thirds of the entire membership of the legislative body or, when the legislative body is the town meeting, at least two-thirds of those present and voting;

(E) Make appropriations to military organizations, hospitals, health care facilities, public health nursing organizations, nonprofit museums and libraries, organizations providing drug abuse and dependency programs and any other private organization performing a public function;

(F) Provide for the manner in which contracts involving unusual expenditures shall be made;

(G) When not specifically prescribed by general statute or by charter, prescribe the form of proceedings and mode of assessing benefits and appraising damages in taking land for public use, or in making public improvements to be paid for, in whole or in part, by special assessments, and prescribe the manner in which all benefits assessed shall be collected;

(H) Provide for the bonding of municipal officials or employees by requiring the furnishing of such bond, conditioned upon honesty or faithful performance of duty and determine the amount, form, and sufficiency of the sureties thereof;

(I) Regulate the method of borrowing money for any purpose for which taxes may be levied and borrow on the faith and credit of the municipality for such general or special purposes and to such extent as is authorized by general statute;

(J) Provide for the temporary borrowing of money;

(K) Create a sinking fund or funds or a trust fund or funds or other special funds, including funds which do not lapse at the end of the municipal fiscal year;

(L) Provide for the assignment of municipal tax liens on real property to the extent authorized by general statute;

(3) Property. (A) Take or acquire by gift, purchase, grant, including any grant from the United States or the state, bequest or devise and hold, condemn, lease, sell, manage, transfer, release and convey such real and personal property or interest therein absolutely or in trust as the purposes of the municipality or any public use or purpose, including that of education, art, ornament, health, charity or amusement, cemeteries, parks or gardens, or the erection or maintenance of statues, monuments, buildings or other structures, require. Any lease of real or personal property or any interest therein, either as lessee or lessor, may be for such term or any extensions thereof and upon such other terms and conditions as have been approved by the municipality, including without limitation the power to bind itself to appropriate funds as necessary to meet rent and other obligations as provided in any such lease;

(B) Provide for the proper administration of gifts, grants, bequests and devises and meet such terms or conditions as are prescribed by the grantor or donor and accepted by the municipality;

(4) Public services. (A) Provide for police protection, regulate and prescribe the duties of the persons providing police protection with respect to criminal matters within the limits of the municipality and maintain and regulate a suitable place of detention within the limits of the municipality for the safekeeping of all persons arrested and awaiting trial and do all other things necessary or desirable for the policing of the municipality;

(B) Provide for fire protection, organize, maintain and regulate the persons providing fire protection, provide the necessary apparatus for extinguishing fires and do all other things necessary or desirable for the protection of the municipality from fire;

(C) Provide for entertainment, amusements, concerts, celebrations and cultural activities, including the direct or indirect purchase, ownership and operation of the assets of one or more sports franchises;

(D) Provide for ambulance service by the municipality or any person, firm or corporation;

(E) Provide for the employment of nurses;

(F) Provide for lighting the streets, highways and other public places of the municipality and for the care and preservation of public lamps, lamp posts and fixtures;

(G) Provide for the furnishing of water, by contract or otherwise;

(H) Provide for or regulate the collection and disposal of garbage, trash, rubbish, waste material and ashes by contract or otherwise, including prohibiting the throwing or placing of such materials on the highways;

(I) Provide for the financing, construction, rehabilitation, repair, improvement or subsidization of housing for low and moderate income persons and families;

(5) Personnel. (A) Provide for and establish pension systems for the officers and employees of the municipality and for the active members of any volunteer fire department or any volunteer ambulance association of the municipality, and establish a system of qualification for the tenure in office of such officers and employees, provided the rights or benefits granted to any individual under any municipal retirement or pension system shall not be diminished or eliminated;

(B) Establish a merit system or civil service system for the selection and promotion of public officials and employees. Nothing in this subparagraph shall be construed to validate any merit system or civil service system established prior to May 24, 1972;

(C) Provide for the employment of and prescribe the salaries, compensation and hours of employment of all officers and employees of the municipality and the duties of such officers and employees not expressly defined by the Constitution of the state, the general statutes, charter or special act;

(D) Provide for the appointment of a municipal historian;

(6) Public works, sewers, highways. (A) Public facilities. (i) Establish, lay out, construct, reconstruct, alter, maintain, repair, control and operate cemeteries, public burial grounds, hospitals, clinics, institutions for children and aged, infirm and chronically ill persons, bus terminals and airports and their accessories, docks, wharves, school houses, libraries, parks, playgrounds, playfields, fieldhouses, baths, bathhouses, swimming pools, gymnasiums, comfort stations, recreation places, public beaches, beach facilities, public gardens, markets, garbage and refuse disposal facilities, parking lots and other off-street parking facilities, and any and all buildings or facilities necessary or convenient for carrying on the government of the municipality;

(ii) Create, provide for, construct, regulate and maintain all things in the nature of public works and improvements;

(iii) Enter into or upon any land for the purpose of making necessary surveys or mapping in connection with any public improvement, and take by eminent domain any lands, rights, easements, privileges, franchises or structures which are necessary for the purpose of establishing, constructing or maintaining any public work, or for any municipal purpose, in the manner prescribed by the general statutes;

(iv) Regulate and protect from injury or defacement all public buildings, public monuments, trees and ornaments in public places and other public property in the municipality;

(v) Provide for the planting, rearing and preserving of shade and ornamental trees on the streets and public grounds;

(vi) Provide for improvement of waterfronts by a board, commission or otherwise;

(B) Sewers, drainage and public utilities. (i) Lay out, construct, reconstruct, repair, maintain, operate, alter, extend and discontinue sewer and drainage systems and sewage disposal plants;

(ii) Enter into or upon any land for the purpose of correcting the flow of surface water through watercourses which prevent, or may tend to prevent, the free discharge of municipal highway surface water through said courses;

(iii) Regulate the laying, location and maintenance of gas pipes, water pipes, drains, sewers, poles, wires, conduits and other structures in the streets and public places of the municipality;

(iv) Prohibit and regulate the discharge of drains from roofs of buildings over or upon the sidewalks, streets or other public places of the municipality or into sanitary sewers;

(v) Enter into energy-savings performance contracts;

(C) Highways and sidewalks. (i) Lay out, construct, reconstruct, alter, maintain, repair, control, operate, and assign numbers to streets, alleys, highways, boulevards, bridges, underpasses, sidewalks, curbs, gutters, public walks and parkways;

(ii) Keep open and safe for public use and travel and free from encroachment or obstruction the streets, sidewalks and public places in the municipality;

(iii) Control the excavation of highways and streets;

(iv) Regulate and prohibit the excavation, altering or opening of sidewalks, public places and grounds for public and private purposes and the location of any work or things thereon, whether temporary or permanent, upon or under the surface thereof;

(v) Require owners or occupants of land adjacent to any sidewalk or public work to remove snow, ice, sleet, debris or any other obstruction therefrom, provide penalties upon their failure to do so, and cause such snow, ice, sleet, debris or other obstruction to be removed and make the cost of such removal a lien on such property;

(vi) Grant to abutting property owners a limited property or leasehold interest in abutting streets and sidewalks for the purpose of encouraging and supporting private commercial development;

(7) Regulatory and police powers. (A) Buildings. (i) Make rules relating to the maintenance of safe and sanitary housing and prescribe civil penalties for the violation of such rules against an owner of rental property not to exceed two thousand dollars per violation, provided if multiple violations are discovered on the same date, such violations shall be enforced as one violation, and any such owner assessed a civil penalty pursuant to this subparagraph shall have a right of appeal to the legislative body of the municipality, or to the board of selectmen in a municipality where the legislative body is a town meeting, upon the grounds that such violation was proximately caused by a tenant's reckless or wilful act;

(ii) Regulate the mode of using any buildings when such regulations seem expedient for the purpose of promoting the safety, health, morals and general welfare of the inhabitants of the municipality;

(iii) Regulate and prohibit the moving of buildings upon or through the streets or other public places of the municipality, and cause the removal and demolition of unsafe buildings and structures;

(iv) Regulate and provide for the licensing of parked trailers when located off the public highways, and trailer parks or mobile manufactured home parks, except as otherwise provided by special act and except where there exists a local zoning commission so empowered;

(v) Establish lines beyond which no buildings, steps, stoop, veranda, billboard, advertising sign or device or other structure or obstruction may be erected;

(vi) Regulate and prohibit the placing, erecting or keeping of signs, awnings or other things upon or over the sidewalks, streets and other public places of the municipality;

(vii) Regulate plumbing and house drainage;

(viii) Prohibit or regulate the construction of dwellings, apartments, boarding houses, hotels, commercial buildings, youth camps or commercial camps and commercial camping facilities in such municipality unless the sewerage facilities have been approved by the authorized officials of the municipality;

(B) Traffic. (i) Regulate and prohibit, in a manner not inconsistent with the general statutes, traffic, the operation of vehicles on streets and highways, off-street parking and on-street residential neighborhood parking areas in which on-street parking is limited to residents of a given neighborhood, as determined by the municipality;

(ii) Regulate the speed of vehicles, subject to the provisions of the general statutes relating to the regulation of the speed of motor vehicles and of animals, and the driving or leading of animals through the streets;

(iii) Require that conspicuous signage be posted in any area where a motor vehicle may be subject to towing or to the use of a wheel-locking device that renders such motor vehicle immovable, and that such signage indicate where the motor vehicle will be stored, how the vehicle may be redeemed and any costs or fees that may be charged;

(C) Building adjuncts. Regulate and prohibit the construction or use, and require the removal of sinks, cesspools, drains, sewers, privies, barns, outhouses and poultry pens and houses;

(D) Animals. (i) Regulate and prohibit the going at large of dogs and other animals in the streets and public places of the municipality and prevent cruelty to animals and all inhuman sports, except that no municipality shall adopt breed-specific dog ordinances;

(ii) Regulate and prohibit the keeping of wild or domestic animals, including reptiles, within the municipal limits or portions thereof;

(E) Nuisance. Define, prohibit and abate within the municipality all nuisances and causes thereof, and all things detrimental to the health, morals, safety, convenience and welfare of its inhabitants and cause the abatement of any nuisance at the expense of the owner or owners of the premises on which such nuisance exists;

(F) Loitering and trespassing. (i) Keep streets, sidewalks and public places free from undue noise and nuisances, and prohibit loitering thereon;

(ii) Regulate loitering on private property with the permission of the owner thereof;

(iii) Prohibit the loitering in the nighttime of minors on the streets, alleys or public places within its limits;

(iv) Prevent trespassing on public and private lands and in buildings in the municipality;

(G) Vice. Prevent vice and suppress gambling houses, houses of ill-fame and disorderly houses;

(H) Public health and safety. (i) Secure the safety of persons in or passing through the municipality by regulation of shows, processions, parades and music;

(ii) Regulate and prohibit the carrying on within the municipality of any trade, manufacture, business or profession which is, or may be, so carried on as to become prejudicial to public health, conducive to fraud and cheating, or dangerous to, or constituting an unreasonable annoyance to, those living or owning property in the vicinity;

(iii) Regulate auctions and garage and tag sales;

(iv) Prohibit, restrain, license and regulate the business of peddlers, auctioneers and junk dealers in a manner not inconsistent with the general statutes;

(v) Regulate and prohibit swimming or bathing in the public or exposed places within the municipality;

(vi) Regulate and license the operation of amusement parks and amusement arcades including, but not limited to, the regulation of mechanical rides and the establishment of the hours of operation;

(vii) Prohibit, restrain, license and regulate all sports, exhibitions, public amusements and performances and all places where games may be played;

(viii) Preserve the public peace and good order, prevent and quell riots and disorderly assemblages and prevent disturbing noises;

(ix) Establish a system to obtain a more accurate registration of births, marriages and deaths than the system provided by the general statutes in a manner not inconsistent with the general statutes;

(x) Control insect pests or plant diseases in any manner deemed appropriate;

(xi) Provide for the health of the inhabitants of the municipality and do all things necessary or desirable to secure and promote the public health;

(xii) Regulate the use of streets, sidewalks, highways, public places and grounds for public and private purposes;

(xiii) Make and enforce police, sanitary or other similar regulations and protect or promote the peace, safety, good government and welfare of the municipality and its inhabitants;

(xiv) Regulate, in addition to the requirements under section 7-282b, the installation, maintenance and operation of any device or equipment in a residence or place of business which is capable of automatically calling and relaying recorded emergency messages to any state police or municipal police or fire department telephone number or which is capable of automatically calling and relaying recorded emergency messages or other forms of emergency signals to an intermediate third party which shall thereafter call and relay such emergency messages to a state police or municipal police or fire department telephone number. Such regulations may provide for penalties for the transmittal of false alarms by such devices or equipment;

(xv) Make and enforce regulations for the prevention and remediation of housing blight or blight upon any commercial real property, including regulations reducing assessments and authorizing designated agents of the municipality to enter property during reasonable hours for the purpose of remediating blighted conditions, provided such regulations define blight and require such municipality to give written notice of any violation to the owner of the property and provide a reasonable opportunity for the owner to remediate the blighted conditions prior to any enforcement action being taken, except that a municipality may take immediate enforcement action in the case of a violation at a property that is the third or more such blight violation at such property during the prior twelve-month period, and further provided such regulations shall not authorize such municipality or its designated agents to enter any dwelling house or structure on such property, and including regulations establishing a duty to maintain property and specifying standards to determine if there is neglect; prescribe civil penalties for the violation of such regulations (I) for housing blight upon real property containing six or fewer dwelling units, of not more than one hundred fifty dollars for each day that a violation continues if such violation occurs at an occupied property, not more than two hundred fifty dollars for each day that a violation continues if such violation occurs at a vacant property, and not more than one thousand dollars for each day that a violation continues at a property if such violation is the third or more such violation at such property during the prior twelve-month period, (II) for housing blight upon real property containing more than six but fewer than forty dwelling units, not more than ten cents per square foot of each residential building upon such real property for each day that a violation continues, (III) for housing blight upon real property containing forty or more dwelling units, not more than twelve cents per square foot of each residential building upon such real property for each day that a violation continues, and (IV) for blight upon any commercial real property, not more than ten cents per square foot of any commercial building upon such real property for each day that a violation continues. If any such civil penalties are prescribed, such municipality shall adopt a citation hearing procedure in accordance with section 7-152c. For the sole purpose of determining if a violation is the third or more such violation at such property during the prior twelve-month period, “violation” means a violation of any municipal blight regulation for which the municipality has issued a notice of violation and either, in the determination of such municipality, the conditions creating such violation were previously cured or one hundred twenty days have passed from the notice of violation and the conditions creating such violation have not been cured. A third violation may also be established where three or more conditions constituting such violation exist at a property simultaneously;

(xvi) Regulate, on any property owned by or under the control of the municipality, any activity deemed to be deleterious to public health, including the burning of a lighted cigarette, cigar, pipe or similar device, whether containing, wholly or in part, tobacco or cannabis, as defined in section 21a-420, and the use or consumption of cannabis, including, but not limited to, electronic cannabis delivery systems, as defined in section 19a-342a, or vapor products, as defined in said section, containing cannabis. If the municipality's population is greater than fifty thousand, such regulations shall designate a place in the municipality in which public consumption of cannabis is permitted. Such regulations may prohibit the smoking of cannabis and the use of electronic cannabis delivery systems and vapor products containing cannabis in the outdoor sections of a restaurant. Such regulations may prescribe penalties for the violation of such regulations, provided such fine does not exceed fifty dollars for a violation of such regulations regarding consumption by an individual or a fine in excess of one thousand dollars to any business for a violation of such regulations;

(8) The environment. (A) Provide for the protection and improvement of the environment including, but not limited to, coastal areas, wetlands and areas adjacent to waterways in a manner not inconsistent with the general statutes;

(B) Regulate the location and removal of any offensive manure or other substance or dead animals through the streets of the municipality and provide for the disposal of same;

(C) Except where there exists a local zoning commission, regulate the filling of, or removal of, soil, loam, sand or gravel from land not in public use in the whole, or in specified districts of, the municipality, and provide for the reestablishment of ground level and protection of the area by suitable cover;

(D) Regulate the emission of smoke from any chimney, smokestack or other source within the limits of the municipality, and provide for proper heating of buildings within the municipality;

(9) Human rights. (A) Provide for fair housing;

(B) Adopt a code of prohibited discriminatory practices;

(10) Miscellaneous. (A) Make all lawful regulations and ordinances in furtherance of any general powers as enumerated in this section, and prescribe penalties for the violation of the same not to exceed two hundred fifty dollars, unless otherwise specifically provided by the general statutes. Such regulations and ordinances may be enforced by citations issued by designated municipal officers or employees, provided the regulations and ordinances have been designated specifically by the municipality for enforcement by citation in the same manner in which they were adopted and the designated municipal officers or employees issue a written warning providing notice of the specific violation before issuing the citation, except that no such written warning shall be required for violations of a municipal ordinance regulating the operation or use of a dirt bike, all-terrain vehicle or mini-motorcycle;

(B) Adopt a code of ethical conduct;

(C) Establish and maintain free legal aid bureaus;

(D) Perform data processing and related administrative computer services for a fee for another municipality;

(E) Adopt the model ordinance concerning a municipal freedom of information advisory board created under subsection (f) of section 1-205 and establish a municipal freedom of information advisory board as provided by said ordinance and said section;

(F) Protect the historic or architectural character of properties or districts that are listed on, or under consideration for listing on, the National Register of Historic Places, 16a USC 470, or the state register of historic places, as defined in section 10-410.

(1949 Rev., S. 619; 1953, 1955, S. 248d; 1957, P.A. 13, S. 7; 201; 354, S. 1; 1959, P.A. 359, S. 1; 1961, P.A. 187; 570; 1963, P.A. 434; 626; February, 1965, P.A. 582; 1967, P.A. 126; 805, S. 3; 830; 1969, P.A. 694, S. 20; 1971, P.A. 389, S. 1; 802, S. 1; P.A. 73-614, S. 2, 3; P.A. 75-178, S. 1, 2; P.A. 76-32; P.A. 78-331, S. 4, 58; P.A. 79-531, S. 1; 79-618, S. 1; P.A. 80-403, S. 7, 10; P.A. 81-219, S. 1, 3; P.A. 82-327, S. 5; P.A. 83-168, S. 3; 83-188, S. 1; 83-587, S. 78, 96; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-3, S. 1; P.A. 84-232, S. 1–3; P.A. 86-97, S. 2, 3; 86-229, S. 1, 2; P.A. 87-278, S. 1, 5; P.A. 88-213, S. 1, 2; 88-221, S. 1; P.A. 90-334, S. 1; P.A. 93-434, S. 18, 20; P.A. 95-7; 95-320; P.A. 97-199, S. 5; 97-320, S. 4, 11; June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-11, S. 62, 65; P.A. 98-188, S. 2; P.A. 99-129; 99-188, S. 3, 6; P.A. 00-136, S. 7, 10; P.A. 01-128, S. 1; P.A. 03-19, S. 19; P.A. 06-185, S. 7; P.A. 07-141, S. 4; P.A. 08-184, S. 34; P.A. 10-152, S. 7; P.A. 11-80, S. 122; P.A. 12-146, S. 2; P.A. 13-103, S. 1; 13-181, S. 1; P.A. 15-42, S. 9; 15-100, S. 1; P.A. 16-208, S. 3; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-1, S. 84; P.A. 23-33, S. 2; 23-207, S. 3; P.A. 24-143, S. 5.)

History: 1959 act authorized establishment and maintenance of parks, etc., “by a board, commission or otherwise”; 1961 acts deleted semicolon between the words “mobile home parks” and “and regulate the removal of soil, loam,” etc. and added provision regulations enacted by local zoning commission would have same effect as ordinance; 1963 acts added provision for improvement of waterfronts “by a board, commission or otherwise” and added power to enact ordinances re sewer and drainage systems and sewage disposal plants and entry on land to correct surface water flow; 1965 act authorized zoning commission to regulate the filling of land not in public use; 1967 acts added power to furnish ambulance service, deleted power to set poll hours for elections and added power to regulate loitering; 1969 act deleted power to set poll hours for electors' meetings and referenda; 1971 acts added power to fix hours of operation of amusement parks and arcades and to establish commission or board to protect and improve environment and deleted power to regulate building construction; P.A. 73-614 added power to regulate off-street parking available to public on private property; P.A. 75-178 added power to acquire and sell personal and real property for benefit of the municipality; P.A. 76-32 replaced power to regulate loitering on public property with broader power to regulate use of streets, sidewalks, etc.; P.A. 78-331 divided section into subsecs. and subdivs. and restored power to acquire and sell real and personal property which was inadvertently dropped in 1976 act; P.A. 79-531 added power to provide fair housing and to perform data processing services for other towns in Subsec. (a); P.A. 79-618 added power to adopt ethics code in Subsec. (a); P.A. 80-403 added power to adopt code of discriminatory practices in Subsec. (a); P.A. 81-219 reorganized the section and included powers previously reserved for charter towns under Sec. 7-194, effective October 1, 1982; P.A. 82-327 completed the revision of power begun by P.A. 81-219; P.A. 83-168 added power to regulate automatic calling devices, designated as Subsec. (c)(7)(H)(xiv); P.A. 83-188 made technical changes in Subdiv. (c)(5)(C); P.A. 83-587 substituted “7-282b” for “7-282a” in Subsec. (c)(7)(H)(xiv); June Sp. Sess. 83-3 changed term “mobile home” to “mobile manufactured home” in Subsec. (c)(7)(A)(iv); P.A. 84-232 amended Subsec. (c)(3) to include encouragement of private commercial development and amended Subsec. (c)(6)(C) to authorize grants of limited property or leasehold interests in streets and sidewalks to abutting property owners; P.A. 86-97 amended Subsec. (c)(5) to include authorization to establish pension systems for members of volunteer fire departments; P.A. 86-229 amended Subsec. (c)(2)(K) to include references to trust funds and to funds which do not lapse at the end of the municipal fiscal year and added Subsec. (c)(4)(I) re housing for those with low or moderate incomes; P.A. 87-278 added Subsec. (c)(5)(D) re appointment of municipal historians; P.A. 88-213 added provision in Subsec. (c)(7)(B) to allow municipalities to regulate and prohibit on-street residential neighborhood parking; P.A. 88-221 amended Subsec. (c)(10)(A) to provide that regulations and ordinances may be enforced by citations by designated municipal officers, provided the regulations and ordinances are so designated and the written warning is issued before issuance of citation; P.A. 90-334 added provision in Subsec. (c)(7)(H) to allow municipalities to make and enforce regulations preventing housing blight; P.A. 93-434 added provision in Subsec. (c)(2)(L) to allow municipalities to assign tax liens on real property, effective June 30, 1993; P.A. 95-7 amended Subsec. (c) (5) (A) to authorize municipalities to establish pensions for active members of volunteer ambulance associations; P.A. 95-320 amended Subsec. (c)(2)(B) to allow municipalities to withhold approval of building application when taxes are delinquent on the property; P.A. 97-199 amended Subsec. (b)(1) by adding “including community service for not more than twenty hours”; P.A. 97-320 amended Subsec. (c)(7)(H)(xv) to authorize blight ordinance to include provision re reduction of assessments, effective July 1, 1997; June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-11 changed effective date of P.A. 97-199 from October 1, 1997, to July 1, 1997, effective July 1, 1997; P.A. 98-188 added provision in Subsec. (c)(2)(B) re delinquent water or sewer rates, charges or assessments; P.A. 99-129 added provision in Subsec. (c)(7)(H) to allow municipalities to impose fines for violation of blight regulations; P.A. 99-188 amended Subsec. (c)(4)(C) to allow towns to purchase, own and operate sports franchises, effective June 23, 1999; P.A. 00-136 amended Subsec. (c)(10) to add new Subpara. (E) re municipal freedom of information advisory boards, effective July 1, 2000; P.A. 01-128 amended Subsec. (c)(7)(H)(xv) to authorize regulations to establish a duty to maintain property and to specify standards to determine neglect; P.A. 03-19 made a technical change in Subsec. (c)(7)(H)(xv), effective May 12, 2003; P.A. 06-185 amended Subsec. (c)(10)(A) to increase maximum penalty for violation of regulations and ordinances from $100 to $250; P.A. 07-141 amended Subsec. (c)(3)(A) to delete “or the encouragement of private commercial development” re power to take or acquire property, effective June 25, 2007, and applicable to property acquired on or after that date; P.A. 08-184 amended Subsec. (c)(7)(H) to add clause (xvi) re regulation on municipally owned property of any activity deemed to be deleterious to public health; P.A. 10-152 amended Subsec. (c)(7)(H)(xv) to authorize regulations for the remediation of housing blight, to provide that regulations may authorize designated agents of municipalities to enter property for purpose of remediating blighted conditions and to prohibit regulations from authorizing entry into dwelling house or structure on such property; P.A. 11-80 amended Subsec. (c)(6)(B) to add clause (v) re energy-savings performance contracts, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 12-146 amended Subsec. (c)(7)(H)(xv) by providing that regulations require municipality to give written notice of housing blight violation and reasonable opportunity to remediate blighted conditions and by changing “fines” to “civil penalties”; P.A. 13-103 amended Subsec. (c)(7)(D) by adding provision prohibiting adoption of breed-specific dog ordinances; P.A. 13-181 amended Subsec. (c)(10) by adding Subpara. (F) re protection of historic or architectural character of properties or districts; P.A. 15-42 amended Subsec. (c)(7)(B) to add clause (iii) re signs for towing or use of wheel-locking devices; P.A. 15-100 amended Subsec. (c)(10)(A) by exempting dirt bike and all-terrain vehicle ordinance violations from written warning requirement; P.A. 16-208 amended Subsec. (c)(10)(A) by adding reference to mini-motorcycle in provision re exception to written warning requirement; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 21-1 amended Subsec. (c)(H)(xvi) by adding “or under the control of”, replacing “lighting or carrying” with “burning” and adding provisions re cannabis, electronic cannabis delivery systems and vapor products containing cannabis and authorization for fine of up to $50 for individual or $1,000 for business violations of regulations; P.A. 23-33 amended Subsec. (c)(7)(H) to allow municipalities to adopt blight ordinances re commercial real property, to take immediate enforcement action for certain blight violations and increase maximum fines for certain blight violations; P.A. 23-207 amended Subsec. (c)(7)(A) to allow municipalities to establish civil penalties for violations of ordinances concerning safe and sanitary housing; P.A. 24-143 amended Subsec. (c)(7)(H)(xv) by adding provisions re fines for blight violations based on square footage of certain structures as subclauses (I) to (IV) and making conforming and technical changes.

See Sec. 7-148ff re ordinances imposing special assessment on blighted housing.

See Sec. 14-390 re ordinance on operation and use of snowmobiles and all-terrain vehicles.

See Sec. 14-390m re ordinance on operation and use of dirt bikes and mini-motorcycles and applicable definitions.

See Sec. 29-265b re ordinance requiring rain sensor devices on automatic lawn sprinkler systems.

For constitutionality, see 95 C. 365. Cited. 102 C. 228. Vote to change compensation of town officers under section discussed. 103 C. 424, see also 104 C. 255. Grant of power to enact ordinances ordinarily implies power to repeal them. 118 C. 11. Cited. 119 C. 603. State delegated power to make traffic rules applying to all vehicles alike, but retained special power to regulate motor vehicles with specific exceptions noted in Sec. 14-162. 125 C. 501; 135 C. 71. Cited. 129 C. 109; 133 C. 29; 135 C. 421. “Regulate” does not so much imply creating a new thing as arranging and controlling that which already exists. 143 C. 152. Confers necessary power to adopt legislation regulating auctions. Id., 698. Ordinance imposing time limitations on the occupancy of land by trailers and mobile homes held constitutional. 146 C. 697. Constitutionality of ordinance licensing and regulating trailer and mobile home parks discussed; towns without zoning authorities should have power to deal with trailers and mobile homes not only in matters narrowly concerned with public health and safety but in matters concerned with economic and esthetic considerations which can affect public welfare; if ordinance which is police measure imposes a fee, such fee must be reasonably proportionate to cost of administering and enforcing the ordinance. Id., 720. Power to adopt rent control not within general delegation of police power. 147 C. 60. If charter empowers legislative body of municipality to adopt and amend its own rules of order in exercising certain legislative functions, such body need not act by ordinance or resolution. 148 C. 33. Cited. Id., 233. Attempt by common council to establish law department by ordinance ineffective where charter provisions were inconsistent with the exercise of such power. 152 C. 287; Id., 318; 158 C. 100. Cited. 166 C. 376; 181 C. 114; 183 C. 495; 203 C. 267; 227 C. 363; 234 C. 513, 538.

Cited. 1 CA 505; 13 CA 1; 17 CA 17; judgment reversed, see 212 C. 570.

Town limited in authority where city or borough has duplicate power. 14 CS 258. Test for powers by implication is necessity not convenience. 15 CS 344. Cited. 20 CS 464. Omission of any direct mention of a mobile home park as a permitted use of land anywhere in a town does not render zoning law void or unconstitutional. 21 CS 275. Town may regulate garbage disposal business; it cannot prohibit it; ordinance prohibiting transportation into a town of garbage from any other town held void. Id., 347. Zoning regulation requiring permit for commercial removal of sand and gravel not taking of property without due process; proper exercise of police power. 25 CS 125. Does not permit adoption of original “special event” ordinance. 29 CS 48. Cited. 36 CS 74.

Cited as authority for municipality to establish monetary fine for violation of housing code. 4 Conn. Cir. Ct. 244.

Subsec. (c):

Cited. 192 C. 399; 195 C. 524; 201 C. 700; 203 C. 14; 208 C. 543; 212 C. 147; 217 C. 447; 237 C. 135. Subdiv. (7)(H)(xi): Ordinance banning all cigarette vending machines was valid exercise of town's police power, and legislative enactment of Sec. 12-289a was intended to ensure that municipalities remained free to decide if local conditions warranted additional regulation of cigarette vending machines, up to and including an outright ban. 256 C. 105. In Subdiv. (1)(A), general power to sue and be sued does not mean that municipality may bring suit that it otherwise would have no standing to bring; in Subdiv. (7)(H)(xi), general power to protect health and welfare of municipal inhabitants does not mean that municipality may bring suit with that aim that it otherwise would have no standing to bring. 258 C. 313. “Public improvement”, as used in Subdiv. (6)(A)(iii), is not limited to projects that either already exist or have been approved and funded by municipality; accordingly, Subdiv. (6)(A)(iii) includes within its ambit studies intended to determine feasibility of a particular project. 274 C. 483. The grant of police powers to municipalities under section is sufficiently broad to encompass the power to require licensing and inspections of residential rental real estate. 288 C. 181. Although statutes confer on municipalities the power to control streets and to regulate traffic in order to prevent unsafe traffic conditions, under present facts, town's closure of road to prevent access from subdivision in adjoining town was inconsistent with statutes governing review of subdivision applications. 295 C. 802.

Cited. 4 CA 261; 10 CA 209; 29 CA 207. Provision enabling municipality to adopt an ordinance providing for the furnishing of water did not authorize planning commission to adopt subdivision regulations that address issues re water supply and water main extensions in a proposed subdivision. 114 CA 509.

Cited. 37 CS 124; 44 CS 389.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 7-168

Sec. 7-168a. Surcharge on admission charge for event held at facility located within municipality. (a)(1) A municipality may, by ordinance, impose a surcharge on the admission charge for any event that is held at a facility located within the municipality. The amount of such surcharge shall not exceed five per cent of the amount of admission, except that the amount of such surcharge imposed on the Dunkin' Donuts Park in Hartford shall not exceed ten per cent of the amount of admission. The amount of any such surcharge shall be in addition to any tax otherwise applicable to such admission charge, except that no municipality may impose a surcharge on a facility pursuant to this section if (A) the municipality imposes a surcharge on such facility pursuant to section 12-579, or (B) all of the proceeds from the event inure exclusively to an entity which is exempt from federal income tax under the Internal Revenue Code, provided such entity actively engages in and assumes the financial risk associated with the presentation of such event. Any municipal ordinance adopted pursuant to this section may exclude additional events or facilities from the surcharge imposed pursuant to this section.

(2) As used in this section, “admission charge” means the amount paid, whether in the form of a ticket price, license fee, skybox, luxury suite or club seat rental charge or purchase price, or otherwise, for the right or privilege to have access to a place or location where amusement, entertainment or recreation is provided, exclusive of any charges for instruction, and including any preferred seat license fee or any other payment required in order to have the right to purchase seats or secure admission to any such place or location. Places of amusement, entertainment or recreation (A) include, but are not limited to, theaters, auditoriums where lectures and concerts are given, amusement parks, fairgrounds, race tracks, dance halls, ball parks, stadiums, amphitheaters, convention centers, golf courses, miniature golf courses, tennis courts, skating rinks, swimming pools, bathing beaches, gymnasiums, auto shows, boat shows, camping shows, home shows, dog shows and antique shows, but (B) do not include motion picture shows.

(b) The surcharge shall be imposed on the facility at which such event takes place, and reimbursement for the surcharge shall be collected from the purchaser upon payment of the admission charge. The surcharge, when added to the admission charge, shall be a debt from the purchaser to the facility and shall be recoverable at law. The facility shall remit the total amount of all surcharges imposed pursuant to this section to the municipality in accordance with section 12-581. Any surcharge imposed pursuant to this section shall be subject to the provisions of chapter 226a in the same manner as a tax imposed pursuant to said chapter.

(May Sp. Sess. P.A. 16-3, S. 186; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 17-2, S. 111; P.A. 18-26, S. 30.)

History: May Sp. Sess. P.A. 16-3 effective June 2, 2016; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 17-2 amended Subsec. (a) by designating existing provisions re surcharge on admission charge as Subdiv. (1), adding Subdiv. (2) redefining “admission charge”, and making technical and conforming changes, effective October 31, 2017; P.A. 18-26 amended Subsec. (a)(1) by replacing reference to facility described in Sec. 12-541(a)(12) with reference to Dunkin' Donuts Park.

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The law belongs to the people. Georgia v. Public.Resource.Org, 590 U.S. (2020)