Connecticut Pest Control Licensing Law

Connecticut Code · 14 sections

The following is the full text of Connecticut’s pest control licensing law statutes as published in the Connecticut Code. For the official version, see the Connecticut Legislature.

Conn. Gen. Stat. § 1-268.

Sec. 1-268. Scope. (a) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (b) or (c) of this section, sections 1-266 to 1-286, inclusive, apply to electronic records and electronic signatures relating to a transaction.

(b) Sections 1-266 to 1-286, inclusive, do not apply to a transaction to the extent it is governed by:

(1) A law governing the creation and execution of wills, codicils or testamentary trusts; or

(2) Except to the extent provided in section 1-281, the Uniform Commercial Code, other than section 42a-1-306 and articles 2 and 2A of title 42a.

(c) (1) Sections 1-266 to 1-286, inclusive, apply to a transaction governed by the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, 15 USC 7001 et seq., but are not intended to limit, modify or supersede the provisions of 15 USC 7001(c); and

(2) Unless a notice is subject to the Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, 15 USC 7003, sections 1-266 to 1-286, inclusive, do not apply to a notice to the extent that it is governed by a law requiring the furnishing of:

(A) Notice of the cancellation or termination of utility services, including water, heat, gas, cable television or other services, oil, telephone and electric power;

(B) Notice of default, acceleration, repossession, foreclosure or eviction, or the right to cure, under a credit agreement secured by, or a rental agreement for, a primary residence of an individual;

(C) Notice of the cancellation or termination of health insurance or benefits or life insurance benefits, excluding annuities;

(D) Notice of the recall of a product, or the material failure of a product, that risks endangering health or safety; or

(E) Any document required to accompany any transportation or handling of hazardous materials, pesticides or other toxic or dangerous materials.

(d) Sections 1-266 to 1-286, inclusive, do not apply to any of the rules of court practice and procedure under the Connecticut Practice Book.

(e) Sections 1-266 to 1-286, inclusive, apply to an electronic record or electronic signature otherwise excluded from the application of sections 1-266 to 1-286, inclusive, under subsection (b), (c) or (d) of this section to the extent that the electronic record or electronic signature is governed by a law other than those specified in subsection (b), (c) or (d) of this section.

(f) A transaction subject to sections 1-266 to 1-286, inclusive, is also subject to other applicable substantive law.

(P.A. 02-68, S. 3; P.A. 03-278, S. 4; P.A. 05-109, S. 41; P.A. 08-56, S. 8.)

History: P.A. 03-278 added reference to article 2A in Subsec. (b)(2), effective July 9, 2003; P.A. 05-109 amended Subsec. (b)(2) by replacing reference to Secs. 42a-1-107 and 42a-1-206 with reference to Sec. 42a-1-306; P.A. 08-56 deleted Subsec. (b)(3) re certain conveyance documents, effective October 1, 2009.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 10-220.

Sec. 10-220. Duties of boards of education. (a) Each local or regional board of education shall maintain good public elementary and secondary schools, implement the educational interests of the state, as defined in section 10-4a, and provide such other educational activities as in its judgment will best serve the interests of the school district; provided any board of education may secure such opportunities in another school district in accordance with provisions of the general statutes and shall give all the children of the school district, including children receiving alternative education, as defined in section 10-74j, as nearly equal advantages as may be practicable; shall provide an appropriate learning environment for all its students which includes (1) adequate instructional books, supplies, materials, equipment, staffing, facilities and technology, (2) equitable allocation of resources among its schools, (3) proper maintenance of facilities, and (4) a safe school setting; shall, in accordance with the provisions of subsection (f) of this section, maintain records of allegations, investigations and reports that a child has been abused or neglected by a school employee, as defined in section 53a-65, employed by the local or regional board of education; shall have charge of the schools of its respective school district; shall make a continuing study of the need for school facilities and of a long-term school building program and from time to time make recommendations based on such study to the town; shall adopt and implement an indoor air quality program that provides for ongoing maintenance and facility reviews necessary for the maintenance and improvement of the indoor air quality of its facilities; shall adopt and implement a green cleaning program, pursuant to section 10-231g, that provides for the procurement and use of environmentally preferable cleaning products in school buildings and facilities; on and after July 1, 2021, and every five years thereafter, shall report to the Commissioner of Administrative Services on the condition of its facilities and the action taken to implement its long-term school building program, indoor air quality program and green cleaning program, which report the Commissioner of Administrative Services shall use to prepare a report every five years that said commissioner shall submit in accordance with section 11-4a to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education; shall advise the Commissioner of Administrative Services of the relationship between any individual school building project pursuant to chapter 173 and such long-term school building program; shall have the care, maintenance and operation of buildings, lands, apparatus and other property used for school purposes and at all times shall insure all such buildings and all capital equipment contained therein against loss in an amount not less than eighty per cent of replacement cost; shall determine the number, age and qualifications of the pupils to be admitted into each school; shall develop and implement a written increasing educator diversity plan for purposes of subdivision (3) of section 10-4a; shall employ and dismiss the teachers of the schools of such district subject to the provisions of sections 10-151 and 10-158a; shall designate the schools which shall be attended by the various children within the school district; shall make such provisions as will enable each child of school age residing in the district to attend some public day school for the period required by law and provide for the transportation of children wherever transportation is reasonable and desirable, and for such purpose may make contracts covering periods of not more than (A) five years, or (B) ten years if such contract includes transportation provided by at least one zero-emission school bus, as defined in 42 USC 16091(a)(8), as amended from time to time; may provide alternative education, in accordance with the provisions of section 10-74j, or place in another suitable educational program a pupil enrolling in school who is nineteen years of age or older and cannot acquire a sufficient number of credits for graduation by age twenty-one; may arrange with the board of education of an adjacent town for the instruction therein of such children as can attend school in such adjacent town more conveniently; shall cause each child five years of age and over and under eighteen years of age who is not a high school graduate and is living in the school district to attend school in accordance with the provisions of section 10-184; shall not delegate the authority to schedule interscholastic football games on Thanksgiving Day to any nonprofit organization or other entity that is otherwise responsible for governing interscholastic athletics in this state and shall not adopt a policy or prohibition against the scheduling of an interscholastic football game on Thanksgiving Day; and shall perform all acts required of it by the town or necessary to carry into effect the powers and duties imposed by law.

(b) The board of education of each local or regional school district shall, with the participation of parents, students, school administrators, teachers, citizens, local elected officials and any other individuals or groups such board shall deem appropriate, prepare a statement of educational goals for such local or regional school district. The statement of goals shall be consistent with state-wide goals pursuant to subsection (c) of section 10-4 and include goals for the integration of principles and practices of social-emotional learning and restorative practices in the program of professional development for the school district, in accordance with the provisions of section 10-148a, and career placement for students who do not pursue an advanced degree immediately after graduation. Each local or regional board of education shall annually establish student objectives for the school year which relate directly to the statement of educational goals prepared pursuant to this subsection and which identify specific expectations for students in terms of skills, knowledge and competence.

(c) Annually, each local and regional board of education shall submit to the Commissioner of Education a strategic school profile report for each school and school or program of alternative education, as defined in section 10-74j, under its jurisdiction and for the school district as a whole. The superintendent of each local and regional school district shall present the profile report at the next regularly scheduled public meeting of the board of education after each November first. The profile report shall provide information on measures of (1) student needs, including, but not limited to, a needs assessment that identifies resources necessary to address student trauma impacting students and staff in each school and adequately respond to students with mental, emotional or behavioral health needs, (2) school resources, including technological resources and utilization of such resources and infrastructure, (3) student and school performance, including in-school suspensions, out-of-school suspensions and expulsions, the number of truants, as defined in section 10-198a, and chronically absent children, as defined in section 10-198c, (4) the number of students enrolled in an adult high school credit diploma program, pursuant to section 10-69, operated by a local or regional board of education or a regional educational service center, (5) equitable allocation of resources among its schools, (6) reduction of racial, ethnic and economic isolation, (7) special education, (8) school-based arrests, as defined in section 10-233n, and (9) teacher attrition rates, including the results of the exit survey described in section 10-151j. For purposes of this subsection, measures of special education include (A) special education identification rates by disability, (B) rates at which special education students are exempted from mastery testing pursuant to section 10-14q, (C) expenditures for special education, including such expenditures as a percentage of total expenditures, (D) achievement data for special education students, (E) rates at which students identified as requiring special education are no longer identified as requiring special education, (F) the availability of supplemental educational services for students lacking basic educational skills, (G) the amount of special education student instructional time with nondisabled peers, (H) the number of students placed out-of-district, and (I) the actions taken by the school district to improve special education programs, as indicated by analyses of the local data provided in subparagraphs (A) to (H), inclusive, of this subdivision. The superintendent shall include in the narrative portion of the report information about parental involvement and any measures the district has taken to improve parental involvement, including, but not limited to, employment of methods to engage parents in the planning and improvement of school programs and methods to increase support to parents working at home with their children on learning activities. For purposes of this subsection, measures of truancy include the type of data that is required to be collected by the Department of Education regarding attendance and unexcused absences in order for the department to comply with federal reporting requirements and the actions taken by the local or regional board of education to reduce truancy in the school district. Such truancy data shall be considered a public record, as defined in section 1-200.

(d) (1) As used in this subsection:

(A) “Certified testing, adjusting and balancing technician” means a technician certified to perform testing, adjusting and balancing of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems by the Associated Air Balance Council, the National Environmental Balancing Bureau or the Testing, Adjusting and Balancing Bureau, or an individual training under the supervision of a Testing, Adjusting and Balancing Bureau certified technician or a person certified to perform ventilation assessments of heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems through a certification body accredited by the American National Standards Institute;

(B) “Heating, ventilation and air conditioning system” means the equipment, distribution network, controls and terminals that provide, either collectively or individually, heating, ventilation or air conditioning to a building; and

(C) “Indoor air quality” has the same meaning as used by the United States Department of Labor Occupational Safety and Health Administration Standard Number 1910.1000 “OSHA Policy on Indoor Air Quality”.

(2) On and after January 1, 2024, and annually thereafter, a local or regional board of education shall provide for a uniform inspection and evaluation program of the indoor air quality within each school building using the Environmental Protection Agency's Indoor Air Quality Tools for Schools Program. The inspection and evaluation program shall include, but not be limited to, a review, inspection or evaluation of the following: (A) The heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems; (B) radon levels in the air; (C) potential for exposure to microbiological airborne particles, including, but not limited to, fungi, mold and bacteria; (D) chemical compounds of concern to indoor air quality including, but not limited to, volatile organic compounds; (E) the degree of pest infestation, including, but not limited to, insects and rodents; (F) the degree of pesticide usage; (G) the presence of and the plans for removal of any hazardous substances that are contained on the list prepared pursuant to Section 302 of the federal Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act, 42 USC 9601 et seq.; (H) ventilation systems; (I) plumbing, including water distribution systems, drainage systems and fixtures; (J) moisture incursion; (K) the overall cleanliness of the facilities; (L) building structural elements, including, but not limited to, roofing, basements or slabs; (M) the use of space, particularly areas that were designed to be unoccupied; and (N) the provision of indoor air quality maintenance training for building staff. Local and regional boards of education conducting evaluations pursuant to this subsection shall (i) make available for public inspection the results of the inspection and evaluation at a regularly scheduled board of education meeting and on the Internet web site of such board and on the Internet web site, if any, of each individual school, and (ii) submit the report and results of such inspection and evaluation to the Department of Administrative Services using the form developed pursuant to section 10-231h.

(3) (A) For the period commencing July 1, 2026, and ending and including June 30, 2031, each local or regional board of education shall provide for a uniform inspection and evaluation of the heating, ventilation and air conditioning system within each school building under its jurisdiction. During such period, the board shall provide such inspection for at least twenty per cent of the schools under its jurisdiction in each year until each such school has been inspected. Each such school shall be so inspected every five years thereafter. The Department of Administrative Services may, upon request of a local or regional board of education, grant a waiver of the provisions of this subparagraph if the department finds that (i) there is an insufficient number of certified testing, adjusting and balancing technicians, industrial hygienists certified by the American Board of Industrial Hygiene or the Board for Global EHS Credentialing, or mechanical engineers to perform such inspection and evaluation, or (ii) such board has scheduled such inspection and evaluation for a date in the subsequent year. Such waiver shall be valid for a period not to exceed one year.

(B) Such inspection and evaluation shall be performed by a certified testing, adjusting and balancing technician, an industrial hygienist certified by the American Board of Industrial Hygiene or the Board for Global EHS Credentialing, or a mechanical engineer. Such heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems inspection and evaluation shall include, but need not be limited to: (i) Testing for maximum filter efficiency, (ii) physical measurements of outside air delivery rate, (iii) verification of the appropriate condition and operation of ventilation components, (iv) measurement of air distribution through all system inlets and outlets, (v) verification of unit operation and that required maintenance has been performed in accordance with the most recent indoor ventilation standards promulgated by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, (vi) verification of control sequences, (vii) verification of carbon dioxide sensors and acceptable carbon dioxide concentrations indoors, and (viii) collection of field data for the installation of mechanical ventilation if none exist. The ventilation systems inspection and evaluation shall identify to what extent each school's current ventilation system components, including any existing central or noncentral mechanical ventilation system, are operating in such a manner as to provide appropriate ventilation to the school building in accordance with most recent indoor ventilation standards promulgated by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers. The inspection and evaluation shall result in a written report, and such report shall include any corrective actions necessary to be performed to the mechanical ventilation system or the heating, ventilation and air conditioning infrastructure, including installation of filters meeting the most optimal level of filtration available for a given heating, ventilation and air conditioning system, installation of carbon dioxide sensors and additional maintenance, repairs, upgrades or replacement. Any such corrective actions shall be performed, where appropriate, by a contractor, who is licensed in accordance with chapter 393. Any local or regional board of education conducting an inspection and evaluations pursuant to this subsection shall (I) make available for public inspection the results of such inspection and evaluation at a regularly scheduled meeting of such board and on the Internet web site of such board and on the Internet web site, if any, of each individual school, and (II) submit the report and results of such inspection and evaluation to the Department of Administrative Services using the form developed pursuant to section 10-231h. A local or regional board of education shall not be required to provide for a uniform inspection and evaluation under this subdivision for any school building that will cease to be used as a school building within the three years from when such inspection and evaluation is to be performed. Any local or regional board of education that has provided for an inspection that was performed in a different format, but is deemed equivalent by the department, may use such inspection in lieu of a uniform inspection and evaluation under this subdivision.

(e) Each local and regional board of education shall establish a school district curriculum committee. The committee shall recommend, develop, review and approve all curriculum for the local or regional school district. Each local and regional board of education shall make available all curriculum approved by the committee and all associated curriculum materials in accordance with the requirements of the Protection of Pupil Rights Amendment, 20 USC 1232h.

(f) Each local and regional board of education shall maintain in a central location all records of allegations, investigations and reports that a child has been abused or neglected by a school employee, as defined in section 53a-65, employed by the local or regional board of education, conducted pursuant to sections 17a-101a to 17a-101d, inclusive, and section 17a-103. Such records shall include any reports made to the Department of Children and Families. The Department of Education shall have access to such records.

(g) Each local or regional board of education conducting a regular or special meeting of such board shall make available for public inspection the agenda for the meeting or any associated documents that may be reviewed by members of the board at such meeting and post such agenda and documents on the Internet web site of such board.

(h) For the school year commencing July 1, 2024, and each school year thereafter, any local or regional board of education with a rate of in-school suspensions, out-of-school suspensions and expulsions that is deemed high or disproportionate by the Commissioner of Education based on the examination of data pursuant to section 10-233n, shall (1) develop strategies to reduce the number of such suspensions and expulsions, and (2) submit such strategies to the Department of Education in the form and manner prescribed by the commissioner.

(1949 Rev., S. 1501; 1949, 1953, 1955, S. 957d; February, 1965, P.A. 574, S. 11; 1969, P.A. 690, S. 4; P.A. 78-218, S. 143; P.A. 79-128, S. 11, 36; P.A. 80-166, S. 1; P.A. 84-460, S. 3, 16; P.A. 85-377, S. 5, 13; P.A. 86-333, S. 11, 32; P.A. 90-324, S. 4, 13; P.A. 93-353, S. 28, 31, 52; P.A. 94-245, S. 9, 46; P.A. 95-182, S. 6, 11; P.A. 96-26, S. 2, 4; 96-244, S. 17, 63; 96-270, S. 1, 11; P.A. 97-290, S. 21, 29; P.A. 98-168, S. 8, 26; 98-243, S. 19, 25; 98-252, S. 13, 38, 80; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 98-1, S. 115, 121; P.A. 00-157, S. 3, 8; P.A. 01-173, S. 19, 67; P.A. 03-220, S. 1, 2; P.A. 04-26, S. 4; P.A. 06-158, S. 5; 06-167, S. 1; P.A. 08-153, S. 6; P A. 09-81, S. 2; 09-143, S. 1; 09-220, S. 6; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-6, S. 54; P.A. 10-71, S. 4; P.A. 11-85, S. 6; 11-93, S. 6; 11-136, S. 10, 17; P.A. 12-120, S. 4; P.A. 13-247, S. 200; P.A. 15-133, S. 3, 4; 15-168, S. 3; 15-225, S. 4; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 17-2, S. 84; P.A. 18-34, S. 7; P.A. 19-58, S. 2; P.A. 21-46, S. 13; 21-95, S. 11; P.A. 22-25, S. 12; 22-47, S. 20; 22-118, S. 369; P.A. 23-159, S. 7; 23-160, S. 3, 6; 23-167, S. 9, 44, 76; P.A. 24-74, S. 7; 24-151, S. 131.)

History: 1965 act substituted Sec. 10-158a for repealed Sec. 10-158; 1969 act added requirement that boards of education “implement the educational interests of the state as defined in section 10-4a”; P.A. 78-218 substituted “school district” for “town” throughout, specified applicability of provisions to local and regional, rather than town, boards and required attendance of children “seven years of age and over and under sixteen” rather than “between the ages of seven and sixteen”; P.A. 79-128 added Subsec. (b) re statement of goals by local and regional boards; P.A. 80-166 amended Subsec. (b) to require first attestation that programs are based on state goals “on September 1, 1982” rather than “in 1981”; P.A. 84-460 amended Subsec. (a) requiring that boards insure all buildings and all capital equipment against loss in an amount not less than 80% of replacement cost; P.A. 85-377 substituted commissioner of education for state board; P.A. 86-333 amended Subsec. (b) to extend from July 1, 1986, to July 1, 1987, the date when boards of education are to begin reviewing and updating the statement of goals; P.A. 90-324 added Subsec. (c) re strategic school profile reports; P.A. 93-353 provisions requiring local or regional board to submit the statement of goals to the state board of education, state board to review the statement and approve the statement as it pertains to the state-wide goals, local or regional board to review and if necessary update the statement of goals every five years and submit such statement to the state board and state board to review and approve the statement as it pertains to the state-wide goals, and removed obsolete language and added Subsec. (d) concerning a report to the state board of education on educational goals and student objectives and the development of a comprehensive professional development plan, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 94-245 amended Subsec. (c)(1) to change the dates from May first to November first, effective June 2, 1994; P.A. 95-182 amended Subsec. (a) to remove a requirement that local and regional boards of education attest to the Commissioner of Education that program offerings and instruction are based on educational goals and student objectives and deleted Subsec. (d) re reports concerning the statement of educational goals and student objectives and the development and implementation of professional development plans, effective June 28, 1995; P.A. 96-26 amended Subsec. (a) to authorize placement of certain older pupils in alternative school programs or other suitable educational programs, effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 96-244 amended Subsec. (c) to delete obsolete language of Subdiv. (2), deleted Subdiv. (1) designation and replaced Subparas. with Subdivs., effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 96-270 amended Subsec. (a) to add the requirement to advise the Commissioner of Education of the relationship between any individual school building project and the long-term school building program, effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 97-290 amended Subsec. (a) to add provisions re an appropriate learning environment, report on the condition of facilities and action taken to implement the long-term building program and the annual report by the commissioner to the General Assembly, and added Subsec. (c)(4) and (5) re equitable allocation of resources and re reduction of racial, ethnic and economic isolation, effective July 1, 1997; P.A. 98-168 amended Subsec. (c) to add provisions re special education, effective July 1, 1998; P.A. 98-243 amended Subsec. (a) to lower the age requirement for school attendance from 7 to 5, effective July 1, 1998; P.A. 98-252 amended Subsec. (a) to add requirement for a written plan for minority staff recruitment and to make a technical change and amended Subsec. (c) to remove November date for report and in Subdiv. (2) specified technological resources and utilization of such resources and infrastructure, effective July 1, 1998; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 98-1 made a technical change in Subsec. (a), effective July 1, 1998; P.A. 00-157 amended Subsec. (a) to change the reference to the school attendance age from “sixteen years of age” to “eighteen years of age who is not a high school graduate”, effective July 1, 2001; P.A. 01-173 amended Subsec. (a) to make a technical change for the purposes of gender neutrality, effective July 1, 2001; P.A. 03-220 amended Subsec. (a) by adding provisions re maintenance of facilities and indoor air quality and making technical changes and added Subsec. (d) re indoor air quality inspection and evaluation program, effective July 1, 2003; P.A. 04-26 made a technical change in Subsec. (d)(5), effective April 28, 2004; P.A. 06-158 amended Subsec. (a) by changing annual reporting on facility conditions to biennial reporting, effective July 1, 2006; P.A. 06-167 amended Subsec. (c) by adding language re parental involvement, effective July 1, 2006; P.A. 08-153 added Subsec. (e) re establishment of curriculum committee, effective July 1, 2008; P.A. 09-81 amended Subsec. (a) by adding language re green cleaning program and amended Subsec. (d) by adding language requiring inspection results to be posted on the board's or individual school's web site; P.A. 09-143 amended Subsec. (c) by adding language re truancy data, effective July 1, 2009; P.A. 09-220 amended Subsec. (d)(2) by deleting requirement that inspection and evaluation program include evaluation of radon levels in the water; Sept. Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-6 amended Subsec. (c) by adding new Subdiv. (4) re number of students enrolled in adult high school credit diploma program and redesignating existing Subdivs. (4) to (6) as Subdivs. (5) to (7), effective October 5, 2009; P.A. 10-71 made a technical change in Subsec. (a), effective May 18, 2010; P.A. 11-85 amended Subsec. (b) by replacing “develop” with “annually establish” and adding “for the school year” re student objectives and expectations, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 11-93 inserted provision in Subsec. (a) and added Subsec. (f) re maintenance of records of allegations, investigations and reports of child abuse and neglect by a school employee, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 11-136 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing references to biennial with references to triennial re report on long-term school building program, indoor air quality program and green cleaning program and amended Subsec. (c) by adding provision re actions taken by board of education to reduce truancy in district, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 12-120 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing “Commissioner of Education” with “Commissioner of Construction Services” and making a technical change, effective June 15, 2012; pursuant to P.A. 13-247, “Commissioner of Construction Services” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Administrative Services” in Subsec. (a), effective July 1, 2013; P.A. 15-133 amended Subsec. (a) by adding provisions re alternative education, replacing reference to alternative school program with reference to alternative education and making conforming changes, and amended Subsec. (c) by adding provision re submission of strategic school profile report for each school or program of alternative education, effective July 1, 2015; P.A. 15-168 amended Subsec. (c) by adding “in-school suspensions, out-of-school suspensions and expulsions” in Subdiv. (3), adding Subdiv. (8) re school-based arrests, replacing “for purposes of chapter 14” with “as defined in section 1-200”, and making a technical change, effective July 1, 2015; P.A. 15-225 amended Subsec. (c)(3) by replacing “truancy” with “the number of truants, as defined in section 10-198a, and chronically absent children, as defined in section 10-198c”, effective July 1, 2015; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 17-2 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing references to triennial with references to every 5 years and replacing “2011” with “2021” re report on long-term school building program, indoor air quality program and green cleaning program, effective October 31, 2017; P.A. 18-34 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing “minority staff recruitment” with “minority educator recruitment”, effective July 1, 2018; P.A. 19-58 amended Subsec. (b) to add provision re goals for career placement for students who do not pursue advanced degree immediately after graduation, effective July 1, 2019; P.A. 21-46 amended Subsec. (b) by adding provision re integration of principles and practices of social-emotional learning in program of professional development, effective July 1, 2021; P.A. 21-95 made identical changes as P.A. 21-46 and added “and restorative practices”, effective July 1, 2021; P.A. 22-25 amended Subsec. (a) by adding Subpara. designator (A) re 5 years and adding Subpara. (B) re 10 years if contract includes transportation by at least 1 zero-emission school bus; P.A. 22-47 amended Subsec. (c)(1) by adding provision re needs assessment that identifies resources necessary to address student trauma and adequately respond to students with mental, emotional or behavioral health needs, effective July 1, 2022; P.A. 22-118 amended Subsec. (d) by adding new Subdiv. (1) re definitions of “certified testing, adjusting and balancing technician”, “heating, ventilation and air conditioning system” and “indoor air quality”, designating existing provisions re uniform inspection and evaluation program of indoor air quality as Subdiv. (2) and amended same by redesignating existing Subdivs. (1) to (14) as Subparas. (A) to (N), adding Subdiv. (3) re uniform inspection and evaluation of heating, ventilation and air conditioning system, effective July 1, 2022; P.A. 23-159 amended Subsec. (c) by adding Subdiv. (9) re teacher attrition rates, effective July 1, 2023; P.A. 23-160 amended Subsec. (e) by adding provision re boards to make all approved curriculum and associated curriculum materials available in accordance with the Protection of Pupil Rights Amendment and added Subsec. (g) re boards to make agenda and any associated documents for regular or special meeting of board available on Internet web site, effective July 1, 2023; P.A. 23-167 amended Subsec. (a) by replacing “plan for minority educator recruitment” with “increasing educator diversity plan”, amended Subsec. (d)(2) by replacing “Prior to January 1, 2008, and every three years thereafter, for every school building that is or has been constructed, extended, renovated or replaced on or after January 1, 2003” with “On and after January 1, 2024, and annually thereafter”, replacing “such buildings, such as” with “each school building using” and designating existing provision re make results of inspection and evaluation available for public inspection at board meeting and on board's and school's Internet web site as Subdiv. (2)(i) and adding Subdiv. (2)(ii) re submission of report of inspection and evaluation to Department of Administrative Services using form developed pursuant to Sec. 10-231h, amended Subsec. (d)(3) by replacing “January 1, 2024” with “January 1, 2025”, designating existing provision re make results of inspection and evaluation available for public inspection at board meeting and on board's and school's Internet web site as Subdiv. (2)(i) and adding Subdiv. (2)(ii) re submission of report of inspection and evaluation to Department of Administrative Services using form developed pursuant to Sec. 10-231h and adding provision re use of inspections performed in different format and granting of waivers of uniform inspections and evaluations, effective July 1, 2023, and added Subsec. (g), codified by the Revisors as Subsec. (h), re strategies to reduce the number of suspensions and expulsions for boards of education with rate of suspensions and expulsions deemed high or disproportionate, effective January 1, 2024; P.A. 24-74 amended Subsec. (d)(3) by designating existing provision re boards of education to provide for uniform inspection and evaluation as Subpara. (A) and amending same to replace “Prior to January 1, 2025, and every five years thereafter, a” with “For the period commencing July 1, 2026, and ending and including June 30, 2031, each”, to add provisions re inspection for at least 20 per cent of schools each year and each school to be inspected every 5 years thereafter and to make a conforming change, and designating existing provision re inspections and evaluations as Subpara. (B) and amending same to redesignate existing Subparas. (A) to (H) as clauses (i) to (viii) and existing clauses (i) and (ii) as new subclauses (I) and (II) and making a conforming change, effective July 1, 2024; P.A. 24-151 amended Subsec. (a) by adding provisions re prohibition on delegating authority to schedule interscholastic football games on Thanksgiving Day to any nonprofit organization or entity and prohibition against adopting a policy or prohibition against scheduling an interscholastic football game on Thanksgiving Day, effective July 1, 2024.

See Sec. 10-4b re complaint procedure where failure or inability of board of education to implement educational interests of state is alleged.

Powers conferred and duties imposed by former statute construed. 65 C. 183. Former statute cited. 77 C. 195. Town may defend action brought against committee for official acts under former statute; duties as to moral fitness of teachers. 79 C. 240. Former statute held not to repeal provision in city charter. 82 C. 124. Control of town over committee under former statute. Id., 566. Former “school committee” was agent of law and not of the town. 99 C. 695. Cited. 129 C. 191; 134 C. 616; 143 C. 488. Actions of board, within confines of its powers, not subject to control of city common council or officers; if land devoted to school purposes, held city could not condemn it for a highway without approval of school committee. 147 C. 478. Section must be read with Sec. 10-186 re furnishing of transportation for school children, and it comprehends not only distance but safety factors. 148 C. 238. Number of teaching positions, need of curriculum coordinator and maintenance of school properties were matters within discretion of school board. 151 C. 1. Cited. 152 C. 148–150. Ability of board to perform its statutory duties not destroyed by requirement of town charter that it select nonprofessional employees under civil service requirements. Id., 568. Cited. 153 C. 283; 162 C. 568. Town boards of education, in matters not involving strictly budgetary concerns, act as agents of the state; under powers to “employ and dismiss” teachers, town boards of education can determine contested cases. 167 C. 368. Town, by referendum, could delegate its power of eminent domain to board of education which had authority to exercise it. 168 C. 135. Cited. 170 C. 38; Id., 318; 174 C. 522; 180 C. 96; 182 C. 93; Id., 253; 187 C. 187; 193 C. 93; 195 C. 24; 205 C. 116; 217 C. 110; 228 C. 640; Id., 699; 237 C. 169; 238 C. 1.

Cited. 6 CA 212; 44 CA 179. There is no statutorily mandated exception to residency requirement for displacement due to natural disaster, however board has discretion to interpret this section and Sec. 10-186 in such manner. 138 CA 677.

Elements justifying indemnification of a board member. 9 CS 442. Cited. 15 CS 370. Boards of education may discontinue or unite schools; history of section reviewed. 16 CS 339. Board as agent of the state. 19 CS 158. Boards of education may accord problem of racial imbalance relevance in making decisions. 26 CS 124. Cited. 27 CS 339. Extension of a “project concern” contract made by board of education of Milford with board of New Haven is an administrative decision to be made by board as agency of the state under its authority set out in Secs. 10-220 to 10-239 and board of aldermen was enjoined from holding an advisory referendum of voters as this would be an unlawful expenditure of city funds. 28 CS 207. School boards are agents of the state, not subject to recall under a municipal charter. 29 CS 201. Cited. 30 CS 63. The Connecticut education system violates Art. I, Sec. 20 and Art. VIII, Sec. 1 of the Connecticut Constitution. 31 CS 379. Relationship between boards of education and municipal budget authorities; extent of municipal obligation to finance education. 32 CS 132. Cited. 34 CS 115; 35 CS 55; 36 CS 293. Local board of education is not acting as agent of the state and not entitled to sovereign immunity when acting to recover damages arising from construction of school building. 40 CS 141. Cited. 44 CS 527.

Subsec. (a):

Town charter that allows for separate referenda for town's operating budget and education budget and that allows voters to reject the budgets three times does not rise to the level of a veto and does not violate state statute and policy concerning education. 268 C. 295.

Context of community orientation of family discussed in determining place of residence for purposes of school attendance. 34 CA 567.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 21-82.

Sec. 21-82. Owner's responsibilities. Resident's responsibilities. Payment of rent. Terms and conditions of rental agreement. Remedy for unlawful entry. Mitigation of damages. Acceptance of overdue rent. (a) At all times during the tenancy the owner shall:

(1) Comply with the requirements of the State Building Code, the Fire Safety Code, and all applicable state laws and regulations, local ordinances and planning and zoning regulations materially affecting health and safety;

(2) Maintain the premises and regrade them when necessary to prevent the accumulation of stagnant water and to prevent the detrimental effects of moving water;

(3) Maintain the ground at such a level that the mobile manufactured home will not tilt from its original position;

(4) Keep each mobile manufactured home space or lot marked in such a way that each resident will be certain of his area of responsibility;

(5) Keep any exterior area of the park not the responsibility of each resident free from any species of weed or plant growth which are noxious or detrimental to the health of the residents;

(6) Make all repairs and do whatever is necessary to put and keep the portion of the mobile manufactured home park that is not the responsibility of each resident in a fit and habitable condition, except where such premises are intentionally rendered unfit or uninhabitable by the resident, a member of his family or other person on the premises with his consent, in which case such duty shall be the responsibility of the resident;

(7) Keep all common areas of the premises in a clean and safe condition;

(8) Be responsible for the extermination of any insect, rodent, vermin or other pest dangerous to the health of the residents whenever infestation exists in the area of the park not the responsibility of the resident or in the area for which the resident is responsible including the mobile manufactured home if such infestation is not the fault of the resident and particularly if such infestation existed prior to the occupancy of the resident claiming relief;

(9) Maintain all mobile manufactured homes rented by the owner in a condition which is structurally sound and capable of withstanding adverse effects of weather conditions;

(10) Maintain all electrical, plumbing, gas or other utilities provided by him in good working condition except during any emergency after which any repair shall be completed within seventy-two hours unless good cause is shown as to why such repair has not been completed;

(11) Maintain all water and sewage lines and connections in good working order, and in the event of any emergency, make necessary arrangements for the provision of such service on a temporary basis;

(12) Arrange for the removal from waste receptacles of ashes, garbage, rubbish and other waste incidental to the occupancy of the dwelling unit;

(13) Maintain any road within the park in good condition, provide adequate space for parking of two cars for each lot except that any park which provided only one space for each lot on January 1, 1985, and which provided only one space for each lot on October 1, 1972, shall be exempt from such requirement, and be responsible for damage to any vehicle which is the direct result of any unrepaired or poorly maintained access road within the park;

(14) Respect the privacy of the resident and if only the space or lot is rented, agree to enter the mobile manufactured home only with the permission of the resident;

(15) Allow all residents freedom of choice in the purchase of all services pursuant to section 21-78;

(16) Allow a resident to terminate a rental agreement whenever a change in the location of such resident's employment requires a change in the location of his residence if such resident gives thirty days' notice; provided, a resident who is a member of the armed forces of the United States may terminate his rental agreement with less than notice of thirty days if he receives reassignment orders which do not allow such prior notification.

(b) At all times during the tenancy the resident shall:

(1) Comply with all obligations primarily imposed upon residents by applicable provisions of any building, housing or fire code materially affecting health and safety;

(2) Keep the unit and his area of responsibility as marked by the owner in a clean and sanitary condition, free of garbage and rubbish;

(3) Keep the supplied basic facilities including any plumbing fixture, cooking and refrigeration equipment and electrical fixtures in a rented mobile manufactured home unit in a clean and sanitary condition and exercise reasonable care in their proper use and operation;

(4) Dispose of any rubbish, garbage and other waste material in a clean and sanitary manner;

(5) Not wilfully or negligently destroy, deface, damage, impair or remove any part of the premises or permit any other person to do so;

(6) Observe all reasonable rules of the owner concerning the use, occupation and maintenance of the premises, provided such reasonable rules are brought to his attention at the time he signs a rental agreement;

(7) Unless otherwise agreed, occupy the dwelling unit only as a dwelling unit;

(8) Conduct himself and require other persons on the premises with his consent to conduct themselves in a manner that will not disturb his neighbors' peaceful enjoyment of the premises or constitute a nuisance, as defined in section 47a-32, or a serious nuisance, as defined in section 21-80;

(9) If judgment has entered against a member of the resident's household pursuant to subsection (c) of section 47a-26h for serious nuisance by using the premises for the illegal sale of drugs, not permit such person to resume occupancy of the dwelling unit, except with the consent of the owner.

(c) Rent is payable without demand or notice at the time and place agreed upon by the parties. Unless otherwise agreed, (1) rent is payable at the premises and (2) periodic rent is payable at the beginning of any term of one month or less and for terms of more than one month in equal monthly installments at the beginning of each month. In the absence of agreement, the resident shall pay the fair rental value for the use and occupancy of the premises.

(d) The terms for the payment of rent shall be clearly set forth and any charge for services, space or lot rent, unit rent or any other charge shall be specifically itemized in the rental agreement and in any billing to the resident by the owner. The total rent for the term of the rental agreement shall be stated therein.

(e) Reasonable rules for guest parking shall be clearly stated and unless violation thereof occurs, no fee shall be charged a resident or a guest.

(f) Any action on the part of the resident which may be grounds for eviction from the park or termination of the rental agreement shall be clearly and specifically stated therein.

(g) The right of the resident to sell his mobile manufactured home pursuant to section 21-79 shall be clearly stated in the rental agreement.

(h) If the owner makes an entry prohibited by subdivision (14) of subsection (a) of this section, or makes repeated demands for entry otherwise lawful but which have the effect of unreasonably harassing the resident, the resident may recover actual damages not less than an amount equal to one month's rent and reasonable attorney's fees. The resident may also obtain injunctive relief to prevent the recurrence of the conduct or terminate the rental agreement.

(i) If, during the term of a rental agreement, the resident removes his mobile manufactured home from a space or lot which he is renting, the owner shall make reasonable efforts to rent the space or lot at a fair rental in mitigation of damages. If the owner fails to use reasonable efforts to rent the space or lot at a fair rental, the rental agreement is deemed to be terminated by the owner as of the date the owner has notice of the abandonment.

(j) Acceptance of rent with the knowledge that such rent is overdue constitutes a waiver of the owner's right to terminate the rental agreement for the resident's failure to pay such rent when it was due.

(P.A. 74-333, S. 7, 12; P.A. 77-614, S. 253, 610; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-3, S. 15; P.A. 85-512, S. 2; P.A. 91-383, S. 7.)

History: P.A. 77-614 provided for the commissioner of consumer protection with advice and comments from the real estate commission to adopt regulations instead of the real estate commission to adopt such regulations, effective January 1, 1979; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-3 deleted reference to real estate commission and changed term “mobile home” to “mobile manufactured home”; P.A. 85-512 deleted provision requiring use of model rental agreement by park owners while retaining list of required provisions for each rental agreement; P.A. 91-383 amended Subsec. (a) by inserting a new Subdiv. (1) re duty to comply with state building code, fire safety code and applicable state and local laws, regulations and ordinances affecting health and safety, a new Subdiv. (6) re duty to make repairs and keep park in a fit and habitable condition, a new Subdiv. (7) re duty to keep all common areas in a clean and safe condition and a new Subdiv. (12) re duty to remove waste, redesignating former Subdiv. (12) re duty to maintain roads and provide parking as Subdiv. (13), renumbering the remaining Subdivs. accordingly, and deleting from renumbered Subdiv. (14) a provision re entry after notice to the resident of a mobile manufactured home which is the property of the owner, amended Subsec. (b) by inserting a new Subdiv. (1) re duty to comply with applicable provisions of building, housing or fire code materially affecting health and safety and a new Subdiv. (5) re duty not to destroy or damage the premises and renumbering the remaining Subdivs. accordingly, and added a new Subdiv. (7) re duty to occupy the dwelling unit only as a dwelling unit, a new Subdiv. (8) re duty to conduct oneself so as not to disturb neighbors or create a nuisance or serious nuisance and a new Subdiv. (9) re duty to not permit a person who has used the premises for the illegal sale of drugs to resume occupancy of the dwelling unit, inserted a new Subsec. (c) re time and place for payment of rent and relettered the remaining Subsecs. accordingly, and added Subsec. (h) re remedies of a resident for illegal entry by the owner, Subsec. (i) re owner's obligation to mitigate damages and Subsec. (j) re consequences of acceptance of overdue rent.

Cited. 178 C. 586.

Cited. 31 CA 575.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22

Sec. 22a-66z. (Formerly Sec. 19-300u). Permits for use of pesticides in state waters. The Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection may issue permits for the introduction of chemicals into the waters of the state for the control of aquatic vegetation, fish populations or other aquatic organisms. Application for said permit shall be on forms provided by the commissioner and shall be accompanied by a fee established by the commissioner by regulations adopted in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, provided the fee shall be not less than forty dollars. No permit shall be issued without prior approval, if the proposed application of chemicals involves areas tributary to reservoirs, lakes, ponds or streams used for public water supply, by the Commissioner of Public Health. Each permittee shall be responsible for any and all damages resulting from the applications of any pesticide to control aquatic vegetation, fish populations or other organisms. The commissioner, acting with the Department of Public Health, may establish regulations governing the use of pesticides in the waters of the state, including the marine district. The provisions of this section shall not apply to normal, emergency or experimental operations of the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, the Department of Public Health or public water supply utilities, except that chemicals may not be applied to waters used for water supply furnished to the public or tributary to such water supply without prior approval of the Department of Public Health. Enforcement officers of the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection and the Department of Public Health may enforce the provisions of this section.

(February, 1965, P.A. 271, S. 1; 1971, P.A. 872, S. 430; P.A. 77-614, S. 323, 610; P.A. 88-246, S. 3, 12; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-12, S. 35, 55; P.A. 93-381, S. 9, 39; P.A. 95-257, S. 12, 21, 58; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 116; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-3, S. 402; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.)

History: 1971 act replaced references to state board of pesticide control, state board of fisheries and game, shellfish commission and water resources commission with references to commissioner and department of environmental protection; P.A. 77-614 replaced department of health with department of health services, effective January 1, 1979; Sec. 19-300u transferred to Sec. 22a-66z in 1983; P.A. 88-246 deleted provision re penalty; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-12 established a fee for a certificate to apply pesticides; P.A. 93-381 replaced department and commissioner of health services with department and commissioner of public health and addiction services, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 95-257 replaced Commissioner and Department of Public Health and Addiction Services with Commissioner and Department of Public Health, effective July 1, 1995; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 increased permit application fee from not less than $10 to not less than $20, effective August 20, 2003; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 09-3 increased minimum fee from $20 to $40; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” and “Department of Environmental Protection” were changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection” and “Department of Energy and Environmental Protection”, respectively, effective July 1, 2011.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22-319

Sec. 22-319b. Growers of swine. Registration. Control of disease. Breeders of swine. Brucellosis and pseudorabies testing. Requirement. Liability. Procedures for testing. Importation of swine. Import permit. Requirements. Certificate of veterinary inspection. Barrows exempt from brucellosis testing. (a) Any person, firm or corporation engaged in the growing of swine that are to be used or disposed of elsewhere than on the premises where such swine are grown shall register with the commissioner on forms furnished by the commissioner. The commissioner may make orders and adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, concerning examination, quarantine, disinfection, preventive treatment, disposition, transportation, importation, feeding and sanitation for the protection of swine from contagious and infectious disease. Said commissioner shall, at once, cause an investigation of all cases of such diseases coming to the commissioner's knowledge and shall use all proper means to exterminate and prevent spread of the same. Instructions shall be issued, in writing, by the commissioner or the commissioner's agent that shall contain directions for quarantine and disinfection of the premises where such disease exists.

(b) Any person, firm or corporation engaged in breeding swine in this state shall have all breeding swine tested for brucellosis and pseudorabies. Such testing shall be performed by an accredited veterinarian, a veterinarian employed by the USDA, or the department or an employee employed by the department, under supervision of the State Veterinarian. The owner of any herd or animal to be so tested shall provide assistance and proper restraint for confining the animals for and during the application and diagnosis of said test. The state shall not be liable for any damages incurred or alleged to have been incurred from such test. Testing for brucellosis shall comply with section 22-298. The procedures for testing for pseudorabies and the control and disposition of pseudorabies positive swine shall conform to the USDA, pseudorabies eradication program standards.

(c) All swine imported into this state shall be accompanied by an import permit required pursuant to section 22-308, and a certificate of veterinary inspection issued by an accredited veterinarian not more than thirty days prior to entry into this state and that includes the dates and results of any tests required by this section, the official identification of each swine and certification that each swine originated from a: (1) Brucellosis validated free herd, provided the herd number, the date of the last whole herd negative brucellosis test that includes the swine being imported shall be recorded on the certificate of veterinary inspection, or, in the alternative, each swine over three months of age shall have been tested and found negative for brucellosis not more than thirty days prior to such entry; and (2) pseudorabies qualified free herd, provided the number and date of the last whole herd negative test that includes the swine being imported shall be recorded on the certificate of veterinary inspection, or, in the alternative, each swine shall have been tested and found negative for pseudorabies not more than thirty days prior to such entry. Barrows shall be exempt from such brucellosis testing.

(P.A. 13-208, S. 73; P.A. 23-187, S. 23.)

History: P.A. 13-208 effective June 21, 2013; P.A. 23-187 designated existing provisions as Subsec. (a), deleted provisions re importation of swine and made technical changes, added Subsec. (b) re breeding of swine and brucellosis and pseudorabies testing requirements and procedures, added Subsec. (c) re import permit and certificate of veterinary inspection requirements for swine imported into the state and exception to brucellosis testing requirement for barrows, effective June 28, 2023.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22-324.

Sec. 22-324. Prevention of avian disease. Orders. Regulations re avian disease and sanitary handling of eggs. (a) As used in sections 22-324, 22-324a and 22-325, “poultry” means all domesticated fowl, including chickens, turkeys, water fowl and pet, zoological or psittacine birds.

(b) The commissioner shall forthwith cause an investigation of any poultry afflicted with or exposed to any infectious, contagious or transmissible avian disease of which he has knowledge, and shall apply any means he determines are necessary, including quarantine or destruction, to exterminate and prevent the spread thereof. The destruction of any poultry shall be conducted by the commissioner or his designee or by the owner of such poultry under the supervision of the commissioner. The premises occupied by any poultry destroyed shall be cleaned and disinfected by the owner under the supervision of the commissioner. The commissioner or his deputy, assistant or agent may enter any premises where poultry is kept, for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this chapter.

(c) In addition to the provisions of subsection (a) of this section and section 22-325, if the commissioner has reasonable cause to believe that any poultry within the state is threatened by any infectious, contagious or transmissible avian disease, he may issue such order as he deems necessary to prevent the introduction or spread of such disease in the state. Such order may include, but not be limited to, an embargo on the importation of poultry or poultry products into the state from states or areas where any infectious, contagious or transmissible avian disease is present or where the commissioner has reasonable cause to believe such disease is present.

(d) When a bird is suspected of having psittacosis, the commissioner shall have the right to: (1) Confiscate as many suspected birds as necessary to provide a sufficient sample for laboratory testing; (2) quarantine all such birds on the premises occupied by the suspected bird until any suspected, infected or contagious birds are considered safe, as determined by the State Veterinarian, or are destroyed.

(e) The Commissioner of Agriculture shall adopt regulations in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54 to implement this section including, but not limited to, regulations for the examination, testing, quarantine, disinfection, preventive treatment, destruction and disposition of poultry and poultry products affected with or exposed to infectious, contagious and transmissible avian disease and for the establishment and enforcement of minimum standards of sanitation to be observed in the storing, grading, candling and packing of shell eggs at the farm.

(f) Notwithstanding any regulation to the contrary, the commissioner shall not be responsible for testing and certifying poultry prior to any show or exhibition.

(1949 Rev., S. 3371; 1959, P.A. 637, S. 2; 1961, P.A. 67; 1969, P.A. 112, S. 1; 1971, P.A. 872, S. 446, 448; P.A. 84-2, S. 1, 6; P.A. 85-613, S. 64, 154; P.A. 91-62, S. 2; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-10, S. 10, 20; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(e); P.A. 04-189, S. 1.)

History: 1959 act replaced commissioner of agriculture with commissioner of agriculture, conservation and natural resources; 1961 act replaced commissioner of agriculture, conservation and natural resources with commissioner of agriculture and natural resources; 1969 act added Subsec. (b) re regulations concerning sanitation standards for storing, grading, etc. eggs; 1971 act replaced commissioner of agriculture and natural resources with commissioner of agriculture; P.A. 84-2 amended Subsec. (a) by authorizing commissioner to investigate flocks “exposed” to disease as well as those afflicted with disease and by adding provisions detailing procedures when flock is destroyed re prevention of avian disease, inserted new Subsec. (b) authorizing the commissioner to issue orders to prevent the spread of avian disease and relettered previous Subsec. (b) accordingly, adding provision to said Subsec. re avian disease regulations; P.A. 85-613 made technical changes. P.A. 91-62 inserted new Subsecs. (a) defining “poultry”, and (d) concerning confiscation and quarantine of psittacine birds, relettered previously existing Subsec. designators accordingly, and replaced references to “flock” with references to “poultry”; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-10 added a new Subsec. (f) concerning commissioner's duties re testing and certification of poultry; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 replaced Commissioner of Agriculture with Commissioner of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-189 repealed Sec. 146 of June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, thereby reversing the merger of the Departments of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective June 1, 2004.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22-81.

Sec. 22-81. Duties of board. Reports. (a) Said board shall have the general management of the institution and shall appoint a director, who shall have the general management and oversight of experiments and investigations. It may own such real and personal estate as may be necessary for carrying on its work and may receive title to the same by deed, devise or bequest. It shall expend all money appropriated by the state in the prosecution of the work for which said institution is established, shall use for the same purpose the income from all funds and endowments which it may receive from other sources and may sue and be sued by the name of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station. It may seek and obtain patents, trademarks and licensing agreements relating to inventions and discoveries of any employee of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station. It may pursue any opportunity to receive funds for research available from the federal government or from private sources. It shall make an annual report to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, including a statement of the activities of the station and the sources and amounts of funds available to the station. It shall make an annual report to the Governor, as provided in section 4-60, including therein a report upon adulterated food products and a report of the work done and results obtained under the provisions of section 22-84.

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of any general statute or special act to the contrary, the selection, appointment, assignment of duties, amount of compensation, sick leave, vacation, leaves of absence, termination of service, rank and status of the individual members of the station staff shall be under the sole jurisdiction of the board of control of the station within available funds. Said board shall determine who constitutes the professional staff of the station and shall establish a compensation and classification schedule for the professional staff. Said board shall annually submit to the Commissioner of Administrative Services a list of the positions which it has included within the professional staff.

(c) Within available resources, the board shall cause the station to (1) make scientific inquiries and perform experiments including, but not limited to, inquiries and experiments regarding plants, insects and the pests of plants, soil and water, which inquiries and experiments shall include, but not be limited to, consideration of the effects of any climate change which may result from increased levels of carbon dioxide or other “greenhouse” gases in the atmosphere and what effects such change may have on agriculture in this state; (2) make scientific inquiries for the General Assembly and conduct such analyses as required by any state agency including, but not limited to, the Departments of Administrative Services, Agriculture, Consumer Protection and Energy and Environmental Protection; and (3) distribute reports of any analyses, investigations or experiments by correspondence, lectures or published matter. The board may cause the station to charge a fee for any testing services which it may provide to the public. The station shall not conduct any testing of ticks for Lyme disease except at the request of a state or municipal health official or for scientific research purposes.

(1949 Rev., S. 3248, 3250, 3901; September, 1957, P.A. 11, S. 13; 1967, P.A. 657, S. 79; P.A. 83-487, S. 27, 33; P.A. 84-546, S. 66, 173; P.A. 91-395, S. 5, 11; P.A. 92-240; P.A. 96-116, S. 1, 2; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(d), (f); P.A. 04-169, S. 17; 04-189, S. 1; P.A. 10-96, S. 2; P.A. 11-80, S. 54; P.A. 13-33, S. 1.)

History: 1967 act added Subsec. (b) clarifying board's powers and duties; P.A. 83-487 amended section to require annual reports to general assembly committee having cognizance of matters relating to the department of agriculture and the department of environmental protection, to specify board's powers with respect to staff and to add Subsec. (c) concerning duties of station and board; P.A. 84-546 made technical changes in Subsec. (c); P.A. 91-395 amended Subsec. (c) to provide for research re effects of climate change; P.A. 92-240 amended Subsec. (c) to specify that station may test ticks for Lyme disease only at request of state or municipal health officials or for research purposes; P.A. 96-116 amended Subsec. (a) to add provision re receipt of funds from federal or private sources for research and amended Subsec. (c) to authorize charging of fees for testing services, effective July 1, 1996; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 and P.A. 04-169 replaced separate Departments of Agriculture and Consumer Protection with single Department of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-189 repealed Sec. 146 of June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, thereby reversing the merger of the Departments of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective June 1, 2004; P.A. 10-96 amended Subsec. (a) to authorize board to seek and obtain patents, trademarks and licensing agreements re inventions and discoveries of employee of station; P.A. 11-80 changed “Department of Environmental Protection” to “Department of Energy and Environmental Protection”, effective July 1, 2011; P.A. 13-33 amended Subsec. (c) to add provision re board's duties be performed within available resources, effective May 28, 2013.

See chapter 441 re pesticide control.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22-84

Sec. 22-84a. Research consistent with goals of integrated pest management. The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station shall, in accordance with the provisions of this chapter, continue its research in the reduction of pesticide use, the improvement of crop quality and other projects that are consistent with the goals of integrated pest management and shall make its findings available to The University of Connecticut Cooperative Extension Service.

(P.A. 88-247, S. 10, 12.)

See Sec. 22-11a for definition of “integrated pest management”.

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Secs. 22-85 to 22-87. European corn borer. White pine blister rust. European black currant plants. Sections 22-85 to 22-87, inclusive, are repealed.

(1949 Rev., S. 3252–3254; 1961, P.A. 5; P.A. 83-487, S. 32, 33.)

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22-84.

Sec. 22-84. Plant pests. Authority of director. Enforcement. Violation. Firewood transport violations. (a) The director of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station shall have charge of all matters pertaining to official control, suppression or extermination of insects or diseases which are, or threaten to become, serious pests of plants of economic importance. The director shall receive no additional compensation for such work, and may designate members of the station staff to carry out certain lines thereof and may employ such other assistance as may be required. Said director may: (1) Cooperate with the agents of the United States Department of Agriculture in the control of plant pests; (2) make regulations and orders regarding the destruction or treatment of infested plants; (3) seize, treat, disinfect or destroy any plants or plant material moved in violation of any quarantine or regulation established under the provisions of this section or suspected of being infested by any dangerous insect pest or plant disease; (4) prohibit or regulate the transportation of plants and plant materials, brick, stone and quarry products or any other objects or materials liable to carry dangerous pests and may designate certain areas or districts wherein all such plants may be destroyed; (5) adopt, and enforce by appropriate regulations, a quarantine prohibiting or restricting the transportation of any class of nursery stock, plant, fruit, seed or other article capable of carrying any dangerous plant disease or insect infestation, with reference to which the Secretary of Agriculture of the United States has not determined that a quarantine is necessary and established such quarantine, into or through this state or any portion thereof from any other state, the District of Columbia or any part of such state or said district in which said director finds such plant disease or insect infestation to exist; (6) adopt regulations for the seizure, inspection, disinfection, destruction or other disposition of any nursery stock, plant, fruit, seed or other article capable of carrying any dangerous plant disease or insect infestation, a quarantine with respect to which has been established by the Secretary of Agriculture of the United States, and which have been transported to, into or through this state in violation of such quarantine; (7) inspect nurseries and nursery stock, as defined in section 22-97, for any violation of the provisions of section 22a-381d; and (8) establish and maintain a quarantine against any premises, district, town or group of towns in this state, provided, before any quarantine is established within the state, a public hearing shall be held, of which five days' notice shall be given to the parties affected, either by mail or by publishing such notice in two newspapers having a circulation in the part of the state affected by such quarantine. In carrying out the duties and authority described in this subsection, the director may issue permits to any party or enter into compliance agreements with any party.

(b) The director or a designee may, at any reasonable time, enter any public or private premises to enforce the provisions of this section. Any person aggrieved by any order of quarantine issued under the provisions of this section may appeal to the Superior Court, or to any judge thereof if said court is not in session, and said court or such judge may grant such relief or issue such order or judgment in the premises as to equity may appertain.

(c) Except as provided in subsection (d) of this section, any person interfering with the director or the director's designee in the performance of said director's duty under the provisions of this section or violating any quarantine or any regulation established under the provisions of this section shall be fined not less than five hundred dollars or more than two thousand five hundred dollars.

(d) Any person who transports firewood by any means in violation of subsection (a) of this section or any regulation adopted pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall be fined two hundred dollars if such firewood was intended for sale. Any person who transports firewood by any means in violation of subsection (a) of this section or any regulation adopted pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall, for a first offense, receive a warning, provided such person discloses the point of origin for such firewood and, for any subsequent offense, be fined eighty-five dollars, if such firewood was intended for personal use.

(1949 Rev., S. 3251; P.A. 09-52, S. 1; P.A. 13-33, S. 2, 3; P.A. 15-92, S. 1.)

History: P.A. 09-52 divided existing provisions into Subsecs. (a) to (c), amended Subsec. (a) to insert Subdiv. designators (1) to (6) and (8) and add Subdiv. (7) re inspection of nurseries, amended Subsec. (b) to replace provision re authorized person with “a designee” and replace reference to performance of duty with “to enforce the provisions of this section”, amended Subsec. (c) to specify that interference with director or director's designee is a violation, and made conforming and technical changes, effective July 1, 2009; P.A. 13-33 amended Subsec. (a) to add provision re authority of director to issue permits and enter into compliance agreements and make a technical change and amended Subsec. (c) to increase minimum fine from $5 to $500 and increase maximum fine from $100 to $2,500, effective May 28, 2013; P.A. 15-92 amended Subsec. (c) by adding reference to Subsec. (d) and added Subsec. (d) re penalties for firewood transport violations, effective June 22, 2015.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22-91

Sec. 22-91f. Epidemic conditions. If the State Entomologist finds that the existence of the gypsy moth has reached epidemic proportions in any area of the state, he shall so instruct the affected municipalities which shall jointly undertake such spraying as the State Entomologist deems necessary, one-half of the cost of which shall be borne by the state on application of such municipalities to the State Board of Pesticide Control not later than June fifteenth of the succeeding year and one-half of the balance of such cost may be assessed against landowners as provided in section 22-91d.

(1967, P.A. 446, S. 6.)

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Secs. 22-92 to 22-95. Emergency gypsy moth control. Agent for suppression of gypsy and brown-tail moths, etc. Sections 22-92 to 22-95, inclusive, are repealed.

(1949 Rev., S. 3259–3261; 1955, S. 1776d; 1961, P.A. 3; 1963, P.A. 527, S. 12; 612, S. 12.)

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 22-97.

Sec. 22-97. Nursery and nursery stock defined. For the purposes of sections 22-98, 22-99 and 22-100, any place at which hardy trees, shrubs and vines are propagated or grown out of doors for commercial purposes shall be considered a nursery, and such stock shall be regarded as nursery stock. Hardy herbaceous perennial plants, including strawberry plants, may be subject to the same provisions regarding inspection and pest control if, in the opinion of the State Entomologist, it is desirable to control the movement of such plants. Florists' ordinary plants, unless woody and field-grown, shall not be included.

(1949 Rev., S. 3266.)

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 26-119.

Sec. 26-119. Use of explosives or poisons. Fish shall not be taken by means of any explosive. Except for mining or mechanical purposes, no dynamite or any other explosive shall be used in any of the waters of the state or possessed upon any shore or island of any inland water thereof, and possession thereof by any person on any shore or island of any inland water shall be prima facie evidence that the same is possessed for use in violation of the provisions of this section. No person shall place in any lake, pond or stream any lime, creosote or cocculus indicus or any other drug or poison injurious to fish; provided the persons or corporations supplying water to the inhabitants of any town, city or borough may apply copper sulphate to the waters of any lake, pond or reservoir under their control within such limits as may be established by the Department of Public Health. The provisions of this section shall not affect the authority of the Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection to issue permits for the addition of chemicals to any inland water for the control of vegetation, fish populations or other aquatic organisms. Any person who violates any provision of this section shall be fined not more than one hundred dollars. Each fish taken or possessed in violation of any provision of this part shall constitute a separate offense.

(1949 Rev., S. 4938; February, 1965, P.A. 271, S. 3; P.A. 77-614, S. 323, 610; P.A. 93-381, S. 9, 39; P.A. 95-119, S. 7; 95-257, S. 12, 21, 58; P.A. 11-80, S. 1.)

History: 1965 act deleted proviso which had allowed director of fisheries and game to issue permit for addition of copper sulphate to waters for controlling algae and specified that section does not affect board's authority to issue permits for “addition of chemicals to any inland water for the control of vegetation, fish populations or other aquatic organisms”; P.A. 77-614 replaced department of health with department of health services, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 93-381 replaced department of health services with department of public health and addiction services, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 95-119 added a fine of $100 for violation of this section and specified that each fish taken in violation shall constitute a separate offense; P.A. 95-257 replaced Commissioner and Department of Public Health and Addiction Services with Commissioner and Department of Public Health, effective July 1, 1995; pursuant to P.A. 11-80, “Commissioner of Environmental Protection” was changed editorially by the Revisors to “Commissioner of Energy and Environmental Protection”, effective July 1, 2011.

See Sec. 22a-66z re permits for use of pesticides in state waters.

See Sec. 26-22 re measures to control aquatic plants and animals.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 26-70.

Sec. 26-70. Regulation of hunting of wild birds, wild mammals, reptiles, amphibians and invertebrates. Permit for administration of chemical or biological substance to free-ranging wildlife. Requirements. (a) No person shall hunt, take, attempt to hunt or take, or assist in hunting or taking, or assist in an attempt to hunt or take, from the wild, any wild bird, wild mammal, reptile, amphibian or invertebrate except as authorized under the provisions of this chapter and the regulations issued by the commissioner. Each wild bird, wild mammal, reptile, amphibian or invertebrate killed, wounded, taken or possessed contrary to any provision hereof shall constitute a separate offense.

(b) No person may administer any chemical or biological substance, including, but not limited to, drugs, pesticides, vaccines or immunocontraceptives or make any physical alteration or affix any device to any free-ranging wildlife without first obtaining a permit from the commissioner. The applicant for such permit shall (1) first obtain any necessary federal permits, and (2) provide to the commissioner a written proposal describing the chemical or biological substance application, physical alteration or device attachment protocol, the credentials of each person who will administer the procedure, the purpose or intent of the procedure and an assessment of any resulting physiological, behavioral and environmental impacts. No state permit is required for wildlife management programs of the department performed in accordance with professional wildlife management principles.

(1955, S. 2481d; 1971, P.A. 872, S. 265; P.A. 85-53, S. 8; P.A. 03-192, S. 5.)

History: 1971 act substituted reference to environmental protection commissioner for reference to board of fisheries and game; P.A. 85-53 applied provisions of section to reptiles or amphibians; P.A. 03-192 designated existing provisions as Subsec. (a) and amended said Subsec. by replacing references to wild game birds with references to wild birds, replacing references to wild quadrupeds with references to wild mammals and adding references to invertebrates, and added Subsec. (b) re prohibition on administering chemical or biological substance to free-ranging wildlife without a permit from commissioner.

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Conn. Gen. Stat. § 27-109

Sec. 27-109a. Veterans' health registry. Disclosure of registry information. (a) The Department of Veterans Affairs may establish and maintain, within available resources, a registry of data on members of the armed forces, as defined in section 27-103, who have completed a period of active service. The department may develop surveys for members or their health care providers to voluntarily provide data during or after such active service. The surveys and data shall be collected and maintained in accordance with the requirements of the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-191) (HIPAA), as amended from time to time, or regulations adopted thereunder. The department may also create and release for radio and television broadcast noncommercial sustaining announcements to encourage veterans in the state to participate in such surveys, provide such data and otherwise enroll in such registry. For purposes of this section, “noncommercial sustaining announcement” means an announcement that airs during unsold commercial time donated by a broadcaster to a broadcasters' association and that is then made available to a state or federal government agency or nonprofit organization at a reduced rate for the promotion of specific public service programs or campaigns.

(b) The surveys and data shall be related to members' illnesses and potential correlations to environmental hazards, including, but not limited to, vaccinations, infections, chemicals, pesticides, microwaves, depleted uranium, pyridostigmine bromide, and chemical and biological warfare agents. Within available resources, the department may use the data in the registry to (1) study the potential short-term and long-term effects of such hazards on such members, and (2) inform, customize and coordinate the provision of health care services to such members.

(c) No individually identifiable health information may be released by the department without the consent of the member to whom the information pertains in accordance with the requirements of the federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (P.L. 104-191) (HIPAA), as amended from time to time, or regulations adopted thereunder.

(d) The surveys and data in the registry shall be subject to disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act, as defined in section 1-200, except that no individually identifiable health information may be disclosed.

(June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-2, S. 46; P.A. 16-192, S. 3.)

History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-2 effective July 1, 2008; P.A. 16-192 amended Subsec. (a) to add provision re creation and broadcast of noncommercial sustaining announcements and to define “noncommercial sustaining announcement”.

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The law belongs to the people. Georgia v. Public.Resource.Org, 590 U.S. (2020)